英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围答案.docx

英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围答案.docx

《英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围答案.docx（4页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

期末考试题型及范围

PartITrueorFalse（10%）来自整本书课后习题

PartIIMultipleChoice（10%）来自整本书课后习题

PartIIIReadingComprehension（30%）课外

PartIVVocabulary（20%）来自课本英国部分和美国部分

PartVExplanations（10%）十选二

Giveexplanationtothefollowingterms.

1.Anglo-Saxons:

TheyweretwogroupsofGermanicpeopleswhosettleddowninEnglandfromthe5thcentury.TheywereregardedastheancestorsoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.

2.TheHouseofCommons

TheHouseofCommonsistherealcentreofBritishpoliticallifebecauseitistheplacewhereabout650electedrepresentatives（MembersofParliament）makeanddebatepolicy.TheseMPsareelectedintheGeneralElectionsandshouldrepresenttheinterestsofpeoplewhovoteforthem.

3.TheBillofRightsof1689

In1689,KingJamesII'sdaughterMaryandherhusbandWilliamwereinvitedbythepoliticiansandchurchauthoritiestotakethethrone,onconditionthattheywouldrespecttherightsofParliament.TheBillofRightswaspassedin1689toensurethattheKingwouldneverbeabletoignoreParliament.

4.theCabinetoftheUK

TheCabinetconsistsofusually20mostseniorministers.MinistersareappointedbytheQueenontherecommendationofthePrimeMinister.MinistersareresponsiblecollectivelytoParliamentforallCabinetdecisions;individualMinistersareresponsibletoParliamentfortheworkoftheirdepartments.

5.ConstitutionalMonarchy

ItisapoliticalsystemthathasbeenpractisedinBritainsincetheGloriousrevolutionof1688.Accordingtothissystem,theConstitutionissuperiortotheMonarch.Inlaw,theMonarchhasmanysupremepowers,butinpractice,therealpowerofmonarchyhasbeengreatlyreducedandtodaytheQueenactssolelyontheadviceofherministers.Shereignsbutdoesnotrule.TherealpowerliesintheParliament,ortobeexact,intheHouseofCommons.

6.TheNewDeal

InordertodealwiththeDepression,PresidentFranklinRooseveltputforwardtheNewDealprogram.ItpassedalotofNewDeallawsandsetupmanyefficientsocialsecuritysystems.TheNewDealhelpedtosaveAmericandemocracyandthedevelopmentofAmericaneconomy.

7.theCivilRightsActof1964

TheCivilRightsActof1964isconsideredtobethemostfar-reachingactoncivilrightsinmoderntimes,forbiddingdiscriminationonthebasisofrace,color,religion,genderandnationalorigin.It'stheresultofastrongCivilRightsMovementinthe1960s.Theactaddedprotectionsfortherightstovote,tousepublicfacilitiesandtoenjoythesameeducationaswhitepeople.Italsocontainedprovisionsguaranteeingequalemploymentopportunities.

8.TheUSFederalsystem

Itisasystemofgovernmentinwhichhastwolayersofrule.Thereiscentralorfederalgovernmentforthenationwhichalonehasthepowertoanswerquestionsthataffectthenationasawhole.Therearealsostateandlocalgovernments.EachlayerofgovernmenthasseparateanddistinctpowerslaiddownintheConstitution.

9.Comprehensiveschools

Comprehensivesschoolstakepupilswithoutreferencetoabilityoraptitudeandprovideawide-rangingsecondaryeducationforallormostofthechildreninadistrict.

10.theGettysburgAddress

TheGettysburgAddressreferstotheshortspeechmadebyPresidentLincolnwhenhededicatedthenationalcemeteryatGettysburg.Heendedhisspeechwiththegovernmentofthepeopled,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth'

PartVIQuestions（20%）八选二

Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestionsinatleast80wordsforeach.

1.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain?

TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,itsindustrialproductivityincreaseddramatically.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Manynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesinthesocialclassstructure.Thecapitalistclassbecamethemostimportantforceinthecountryandtheproletariatclassemerged.

2.WhatwerethemajorcausesofBritain'srelativeeconomicdeclineinthepost-warperiod?

Britain'seconomyexperiencedarelativedeclineinthepost-warperiodforseveralreasons.First,BritainsufferedgreatlossesinthetwoWorldWarsandhadgoneheavilyintodebttofinancethewars.Second,theeraoftheBritishEmpirewasoverbythemid-20thcentury.IndiaandotherBritishcolonies,whichprovidedrawmaterialsandlargemarketsforBritishgoods,gainedindependence.Third,Britainwasforcedtomaintainanexpensivemilitarypresenceinmanyoverseaslocationsuntiltheendofthe1960s.Whafsmore,BritainhadtomakesubstantialfinancialcontributionstoNATOandtheU.N.SecurityCouncil.Finally,BritainfailedtoinvestinindustryafterWorldWarII,whereasitscompetitorslikeGermanyandJapancaughtupbyinvestinginindustry.

3.WhatarethegeneralfeaturesofBritain'sindependentschools?

Britain'sindependentschoolsrequirefeesfromstudents.AlthoughtheNationalCurriculumisoptionalintheindependentsystem,mostindependentschoolsteachwhatthecurriculumdemands.Independentschoolsgettheirfundingthroughtheprivatesectoraswellastuitionfees,withminimalgovernmentassistance.Sincetheyaregenerallybetterfundedthanmoststateschools,theyarelikelytorecruitthebestteachersandprovidesuperiorfacilities.However,thehightuitionfeeshavebecomeanobstacleformanystudentstoenrollalthoughgraduatesofindependentschoolsaremorelikelytobeacceptedbyfamousuniversities.

4.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytohelpassimilationinamulticulturalsociety?

Thebestpossiblewaytohelpassimilationinamulticulturalsocietyistobeopenandtoleranttowarddifferentcultures.Peoplefromdifferentracialandethnicbackgroundsshouldrespecteachother.Societyshouldcreateopportunitiestohelpimmigrantsbecomeassimilated.Atthesametimetheimmigrantsshouldkeeptheirownlanguage,customsandreligion,contributingtothediversityofamulticulturalsociety.

5.WhatwasthecauseoftheAmericanCivilWar?

TheSouthernplantersofAmericaneededalargenumberofblackAfricanslavestomanagetheirplantationsandtheyregardedtheslavesastheirproperty.IntheNorth,withthedevelopmentofindustry,therewasagrowingdemandforfreelabor.Whafsmore,theNorthernersdemandedalawtoprotecttariffsandaskedthegovernmenttofinancethebuildingofrailwaysandroads.ButtheSouthernerswereagainstitandadvocatedfreetradesoastopurchasecheapergoodsfromforeigncountries.TheaccumulatingconflictsledtothedivisionoftheNorthandtheSouthandfinallytheAmericanCivilWar.

6.WhatmadetheUnitedStatesapowerfulcountrybytheendofWorldWarII?

DuringthetwoWorldWars,Americaremainedneutralintheearlystage.However,Americanscontinuedtheirprofitabletradewiththewarringcountries.Therefore,theynotonlyretainedtheirmilitaryforces,butalsoaccumulatedgreatwealth.WhenAmericaenteredthewars,itwasalmostattheendofthewars.Bysharingthefruitofvictorywithotherallies,AmericagreatlystrengtheneditspowerandbecameapowerfulcountrybytheendofWorldWarII.

7.HowistheAmericanPresidentvotedintooffice?

WhatareyourideasabouttheAmericanelection?

Eachpartyholdsitsnationalconventioneveryfouryearstochooseacandidateforpresidency.Towinapresidentialelectionscandidatehastospendmillionsofdollars,travelalloverthecountrytomakespeechesanddebateontelevisionwiththerival.Thegeneralelectionistechnicallydividedintotwostages.Duringthefirststage,presidentialelectorsforeachstatewillbechosen.InthesecondstagetheelectorsmeetandvoteaPresident.Sincethesecondstageisonlyakindofformality,everyoneknowswhowillbethenextPresidentansoonasthefirststageisover.

Ithinkthecandidatesspendtoomuchmoneyontheelectoralcampaigns.And,theelectioncannotsolvethesocialandeconomicproblemsoftheU.S.assomecandidatesdonotkeeptheirwordaftertheybecomePresident.

8.CiteexamplestoillustratetheroleofgovernmentinterventioninAmerica'seconomicdevelopment.

ThegovernmenthasalwaysplayedanactiveandimportantroleinAmerica'seconomicdevelopmentlntheearly1930s,thrUnitedStatessufferedtheworsteconomicdepressioninAmericanhistory.PresidentRooseveltintroducedtheNewDealtotacklethefinancialcrisis.Besides,hesetuptheNewYorkStateEmergencyReliefCommissiontohelpthoseindesperateneedandtriedtorelievetheseriousproblemsofthejobless.Attheendof1970s,theAmericaneconomyagainsufferedarecession.TheReaganadministrationcombatedinflationbycontrollinggovernmentspendingdeficit,cuttingtaxesandraisinginterestrates.Bothpoliciesmentionedabovehelpedtosetthecountry'seconomicdevelopmentonitsrightcourse,Inall,theinterventionofthegovernmenthasensuredthateconomicopportunitiesarefairandaccessibletothepeople.lthaspreventedflagrantabusesofthesystem,dampenedtheeffectsofinflationandstimulatedeconomicgrowth.