LexicalfeaturesofMedicalEnglish.docx

1、LexicalfeaturesofMedicalEnglishLexical Features of Medical EnglishI. Composition of medical English wordsMedical English words, besides general English words, are composed of the following parts, just like a pyramid:Physics, chemistry, statistics, etc.Basic medical sciencesGeneral medicine/ surgeryD

2、ifferent specialties II. Formal and informal stylesProper words in proper places make the true definition of a style.In presidential addresses, articles for academic journals, legal documents, etc., readers expect formal or learned language. Examples:1. When his dad died, Peter had to get another jo

3、b.On the decease of his father, Mr. Brown was obliged to seek alternative employment.2. Staff members who dont live cant get paid overtime.Overtime employment is not available for employees who are non-residents3. Dad was pretty tired after his long trip.Father was somewhat fatigued after his length

4、y journey.4. I want you to come on time.I require your attendance to be punctual.5. The job took a long time.A not inconsiderable amount of time was expended on the task.6. You guys shut up.Could I have everybodys attention, please?7. The meeting will begin at 4 oclock.The meeting will commence at 4

5、p.m.8. The government is keeping up its fight against inflation.The government is continuing its struggle against inflation.9. They ended the concert with Beethovens 5.The concert concluded with a performance of Beethovens 5th Symphony.10. His old dad has kicked the bucket.His dad has died.His dear

6、father has just died.His dear father has just expired.His beloved parent has just passed to his heavenly reward.11. You have got to pay fines for overdue books.Penalties for overdue books will be strictly enforced.12. The price of meat has been going down steeply.The price of meat has been declining

7、 alarmingly.13. Id like to hear your views on the lectures.I am desirous of exploring your feelings on the lecture.Formal words Informal words acquire get attempt tryconcerning aboutconstruct buildconsequently soobject thingremainder restsuperior betterfrequently oftenat a high rate quickly assist h

8、elprequire needincreasingly more and moreemit give offdiscover find outremove take awayabsorb take inemerge come outeliminate get rid ofinsert put intransmit put onexhaust use upderive come frombe associated with have sth to do withaccelerate speed updecompose break downpenetrate pass throughextract

9、 take outterminate endidentical samepurchase buysufficient enoughobese fattolerate put up withutilize make use ofinvestigate look intoparticipate take part inabandon give up implement carry outassimilate take in and usediffuse spread outapproximately aboutoccasionally sometimesslightly a littleprevi

10、ously before thisunceasingly without stoppingpostpone put offeventually in the endsurvive stay aliveinverted upside downexpand get bigger nowadays, at present today, nowa total of in alloverall generally speakingIII. Amphibious words1. control2. contract3. course4. culture5. delivery6. depression7.

11、discharge8. dislocate9. disorder10. disturbance11. dominant12. drainage13. dressing14. elevation15. enlargement16. entity17. episode18. eruption19. excision20. exclusion21. extremity22. failure23. fertility24. focus25. frank26. frequency27. host28. indication29. inject30. intervention31. invasive32.

12、 involvement33. irrigation34. labor35. multiple36. murmur37. nave38. offending 39. onset40. output41. prevalence42. primary43. productive44. pupil45. rash46. rejection47. resolve48. sound49. stool50. stroke51. sympathetic52. tender53. term54. transfusion55. trunk56. withdrawalExample sentences1. Acu

13、te sublethal cell injury tends to appear similar regardless of cause or cells involved, but chronic sublethal cell injury has many variations.2. Though an operation may save the patients life, it involves the danger of infection and abdominal adhesions.3. Up to the time of administration of the drug

14、 the fungus had been no danger to the body because its growth had been checked by the bacteria.4. Administration of any fluid by mouth is generally contraindicated once the hospital has been reached where definite surgical intervention will be performed.5. He was admitted with severe abdominal pain

15、last week.6. The special composition of Roter tablets makes it possible to treat effectively the majority of affections of the stomache and duodenum.7. There is currently no evidence that the use aggtressive dosage at this stage is effective in terms of extending survival.8. Serious arrhythmias are

16、prevented whenever possible by aggressive treatment of premonitory signs or otherwise controlled immediately after recognition by appropriate therapy.9. Of these elderly women, many will suffer from the chronic diseases associated with aging, such as osteoporosis and dementia, or from the consequenc

17、es of neglect, such as malnutrition, alienation, and lonelioness.10. The wound grew increasingly angry.11. The term cardiac arrest may be defined as an unexplained and unanticipated cessation of cardiac activity.12. In others, the attacks are also induced by a variety of inhaled allergens.13. There

18、are a lot of health nuts around these days. The young and elderly-middle-aged adults among them are now called yuppies or baby boomers, but the new health consciousness is affecting people of every age.14. The taste buds in the tongue and the smell receptors in the nose apparently get their bits of

19、information from tiny chemical particles.15. If, for example, a liver biopsy is performed incidental to a gastric exclusion and bypass for obesity, the presumptive diagnosis fatty liver should be given as a diagnosis.16. Occasionally, benign tumours may rupture through their capsule to extend pseudo

20、pods into the surrounding tissue.17. Of the 190 previously untreated cases, 16 have died of seminoma.18. For many of the diseases, scientists have been able to discover a means of prevention. Smallpox is such a case.19. Seeding of cancers occurs when, for example, a carcinoma in the mucosa of the co

21、lon, having penetrated the wall of the gut and the visceral peritoneum, reimplants at distant sites throughout the peritoneal cavity.20. Before the end of the decade, we will have routine genetic tests for colon and breast cancer which will be applied not only to inherited cases, but to all cases.21

22、. In 1928 he was growing colonies of bacteria in flat open dishes.22. In the United States, health professionals became involved in public schools at the end of the 19th century mainly to prevent and control communicable diseases.23. In the out-patient department there are many consulting rooms for

23、doctors to receive patients with different kinds of complaints.24. Patients who have symptoms from gallstones should be advised to have elective cholecystectomy to avoid the mortality and morbidity of acute cholecystitis and its complications.25. Although the development of antibiotics has been of i

24、ncalculable benefit to mankind, ithas been given rise to serious complications.26. The blood concentration of urea and other nitrogenous compound steadily rises.27. Under normal circumstances, when conception takes place, the following sequence of events will be observed.28. A family history of asth

25、ma is often obtained, especially when the condition develops in childhood.29. The treatment of pulmonary edema due to congestive heart failure is outlined below.30. Repair is the replacement of damaged tissue by new tissue of the same type and/or by fibrous connective tissue. IV. Synonymsbad corners

26、 perlecheclap gonorrheaswimming of the head vertigothe runs diarrheapink eye conjunctivitisabdominal delivery (Cesarean section) laparotrachelotomybladder waterworkscervix neck of wombelbow funny bonespine backbonestools/faces motions / toiletAre your motions well formed?His toilet is green.Pregnant

27、 be in the family wayUrinate to do number oneVomit to throw up /to be sickDyspnoea out of breathDyspepsia indigestionEncephalitis brain feverHydrophobia rabiesMyopia near-sightMenopause the end periods Do the runny noseA good turnAtrovent NasalFast, long lasting reliefFrom the watery rhinorrheaopera

28、ting theatre operating roomFBC CBCspirits alcoholregistrar residentmalignant/ pernicious/ vicious/ subtertianwhole blood/ full diet/ universal donor/ total hysterectomyhemorrhage/ bleeding/ blood lossshow/ indicate/ demonstrate/ revealdevelop/ contract/ be afflicted with /be ill with / be down withb

29、e subject to /be liable to / be susceptible to/ be apt to/ be prone toutilize/ employ/ exploit/ use V. AcronymsMATH: modern approach to the treatment of hypertensionSTONE: 上海老年高血压硝苯地平试验(STONE)(Shanghai Trial of Nifedipine in the Elderly)INSIGHT：INSIGHT研究 作为高血压治疗目标的国际硝苯地平缓释片干预研究international Nifedipi

30、ne GITS study intervention as a goal in hypertension treatmentHOT: home oxygen therapyHOPE: the Heart Outcomes Prevention EvaluationCHAOS: 冠心病(coronary)， 高血压(hypertension)，成人糖尿病(adult diabetes)，肥胖(obesity)及脑卒中(stroke) CHILD congenital hemidysplasia itchthyosis and limb defect 先天性半侧发育不良，鱼鳞病及肢体缺陷GRE：

31、糖皮质激素应答因子glucocorticoid responsive element PET： 正电子发射断层照相 positron emission computed tomographyABC: (1) aspiration biopsy cytology 针吸活组织检查细胞学 （2）Avidin-Biotin-peroxidase-complex technique 抗生物素，生物素，过氧化酶复合物技术FISH： fluorensce in situ hybridizationMEN: multiple endocrine neoplasia 多内分泌腺瘤VIP：vasoactive intestinal polypeptide 血管活性肠肽NET： nerve excitability test 神经兴奋性试验ERA: estrondiol receptor assayEAR : European Association of RadiationSOB: short of breathMAPs: microtuble associated proteins微