LexicalfeaturesofMedicalEnglish.docx

LexicalfeaturesofMedicalEnglish.docx

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LexicalfeaturesofMedicalEnglish

LexicalFeaturesofMedicalEnglish

I.CompositionofmedicalEnglishwords

MedicalEnglishwords,besidesgeneralEnglishwords,arecomposedofthefollowingparts,justlikeapyramid:

Physics,chemistry,statistics,etc.

Basicmedicalsciences

Generalmedicine/surgery

Differentspecialties

II.Formalandinformalstyles

Properwordsinproperplacesmakethetruedefinitionofastyle.

Inpresidentialaddresses,articlesforacademicjournals,legaldocuments,etc.,readersexpectformalorlearnedlanguage.Examples:

1.Whenhisdaddied,Peterhadtogetanotherjob.

Onthedeceaseofhisfather,Mr.Brownwasobligedtoseekalternativeemployment.

2.Staffmemberswhodon’tlive…can’tgetpaidovertime.

Overtimeemploymentisnotavailableforemployeeswhoarenon-residents…

3.Dadwasprettytiredafterhislongtrip.

Fatherwassomewhatfatiguedafterhislengthyjourney.

4.Iwantyoutocomeontime.

Irequireyourattendancetobepunctual.

5.Thejobtookalongtime.

Anotinconsiderableamountoftimewasexpendedonthetask.

6.Youguysshutup.

CouldIhaveeverybody’sattention,please?

7.Themeetingwillbeginat4o’clock.

Themeetingwillcommenceat4p.m.

8.Thegovernmentiskeepingupitsfightagainstinflation.

Thegovernmentiscontinuingitsstruggleagainstinflation.

9.TheyendedtheconcertwithBeethoven’s5.

TheconcertconcludedwithaperformanceofBeethoven’s5thSymphony.

10.Hisolddadhaskickedthebucket.

Hisdadhasdied.

Hisdearfatherhasjustdied.

Hisdearfatherhasjustexpired.

Hisbelovedparenthasjustpassedtohisheavenlyreward.

11.Youhavegottopayfinesforoverduebooks.

Penaltiesforoverduebookswillbestrictlyenforced.

12.Thepriceofmeathasbeengoingdownsteeply.

Thepriceofmeathasbeendecliningalarmingly.

13.I’dliketohearyourviewsonthelectures.

Iamdesirousofexploringyourfeelingsonthelecture.

FormalwordsInformalwords

acquireget

attempttry

concerningabout

constructbuild

consequentlyso

objectthing

remainderrest

superiorbetter

frequentlyoften

atahighratequickly

assisthelp

requireneed

increasinglymoreandmore

emitgiveoff

discoverfindout

removetakeaway

absorbtakein

emergecomeout

eliminategetridof

insertputin

transmitputon

exhaustuseup

derivecomefrom

beassociatedwithhavesthtodowith

acceleratespeedup

decomposebreakdown

penetratepassthrough

extracttakeout

terminateend

identicalsame

purchasebuy

sufficientenough

obesefat

tolerateputupwith

utilizemakeuseof

investigatelookinto

participatetakepartin

abandongiveup

implementcarryout

assimilatetakeinanduse

diffusespreadout

approximatelyabout

occasionallysometimes

slightlyalittle

previouslybeforethis

unceasinglywithoutstopping

postponeputoff

eventuallyintheend

survivestayalive

invertedupsidedown

expandgetbigger

nowadays,atpresenttoday,now

atotalofinall

overallgenerallyspeaking

III.Amphibiouswords

1.control

2.contract

3.course

4.culture

5.delivery

6.depression

7.discharge

8.dislocate

9.disorder

10.disturbance

11.dominant

12.drainage

13.dressing

14.elevation

15.enlargement

16.entity

17.episode

18.eruption

19.excision

20.exclusion

21.extremity

22.failure

23.fertility

24.focus

25.frank

26.frequency

27.host

28.indication

29.inject

30.intervention

31.invasive

32.involvement

33.irrigation

34.labor

35.multiple

36.murmur

37.naïve

38.offending

39.onset

40.output

41.prevalence

42.primary

43.productive

44.pupil

45.rash

46.rejection

47.resolve

48.sound

49.stool

50.stroke

51.sympathetic

52.tender

53.term

54.transfusion

55.trunk

56.withdrawal

Examplesentences

1.Acutesublethalcellinjurytendstoappearsimilarregardlessofcauseorcellsinvolved,butchronicsublethalcellinjuryhasmanyvariations.

2.Thoughanoperationmaysavethepatient’slife,itinvolvesthedangerofinfectionandabdominaladhesions.

3.Uptothetimeofadministrationofthedrugthefungushadbeennodangertothebodybecauseitsgrowthhadbeencheckedbythebacteria.

4.Administrationofanyfluidbymouthisgenerallycontraindicatedoncethehospitalhasbeenreachedwheredefinitesurgicalinterventionwillbeperformed.

5.Hewasadmittedwithsevereabdominalpainlastweek.

6.ThespecialcompositionofRotertabletsmakesitpossibletotreateffectivelythemajorityofaffectionsofthestomacheandduodenum.

7.Thereiscurrentlynoevidencethattheuseaggtressivedosageatthisstageiseffectiveintermsofextendingsurvival.

8.Seriousarrhythmiasarepreventedwheneverpossiblebyaggressivetreatmentofpremonitorysignsorotherwisecontrolledimmediatelyafterrecognitionbyappropriatetherapy.

9.Oftheseelderlywomen,manywillsufferfromthechronicdiseasesassociatedwithaging,suchasosteoporosisanddementia,orfromtheconsequencesofneglect,suchasmalnutrition,alienation,andlonelioness.

10.Thewoundgrewincreasinglyangry.

11.Thetermcardiacarrestmaybedefinedasanunexplainedandunanticipatedcessationofcardiacactivity.

12.Inothers,theattacksarealsoinducedbyavarietyofinhaledallergens.

13.Therearealotofhealthnutsaroundthesedays.Theyoungandelderly-middle-agedadultsamongthemarenowcalledyuppiesorbabyboomers,butthenewhealthconsciousnessisaffectingpeopleofeveryage.

14.Thetastebudsinthetongueandthesmellreceptorsinthenoseapparentlygettheirbitsofinformationfromtinychemicalparticles.

15.If,forexample,aliverbiopsyisperformedincidentaltoagastricexclusionandbypassforobesity,thepresumptivediagnosisfattylivershouldbegivenasadiagnosis.

16.Occasionally,benigntumoursmayrupturethroughtheircapsuletoextendpseudopodsintothesurroundingtissue.

17.Ofthe190previouslyuntreatedcases,16havediedofseminoma.

18.Formanyofthediseases,scientistshavebeenabletodiscoverameansofprevention.Smallpoxissuchacase.

19.Seedingofcancersoccurswhen,forexample,acarcinomainthemucosaofthecolon,havingpenetratedthewallofthegutandthevisceralperitoneum,reimplantsatdistantsitesthroughouttheperitonealcavity.

20.Beforetheendofthedecade,wewillhaveroutinegenetictestsforcolonandbreastcancerwhichwillbeappliednotonlytoinheritedcases,buttoallcases.

21.In1928hewasgrowingcoloniesofbacteriainflatopendishes.

22.IntheUnitedStates,healthprofessionalsbecameinvolvedinpublicschoolsattheendofthe19thcenturymainlytopreventandcontrolcommunicablediseases.

23.Intheout-patientdepartmenttherearemanyconsultingroomsfordoctorstoreceivepatientswithdifferentkindsofcomplaints.

24.Patientswhohavesymptomsfromgallstonesshouldbeadvisedtohaveelectivecholecystectomytoavoidthemortalityandmorbidityofacutecholecystitisanditscomplications.

25.Althoughthedevelopmentofantibioticshasbeenofincalculablebenefittomankind,ithasbeengivenrisetoseriouscomplications.

26.Thebloodconcentrationofureaandothernitrogenouscompoundsteadilyrises.

27.Undernormalcircumstances,whenconceptiontakesplace,thefollowingsequenceofeventswillbeobserved.

28.Afamilyhistoryofasthmaisoftenobtained,especiallywhentheconditiondevelopsinchildhood.

29.Thetreatmentofpulmonaryedemaduetocongestiveheartfailureisoutlinedbelow.

30.Repairisthereplacementofdamagedtissuebynewtissueofthesametypeand/orbyfibrousconnectivetissue.

IV.Synonyms

badcornersperleche

clapgonorrhea

swimmingoftheheadvertigo

therunsdiarrhea

pinkeyeconjunctivitis

abdominaldelivery（Cesareansection）laparotrachelotomy

bladderwaterworks

cervixneckofwomb

elbowfunnybone

spinebackbone

stools/facesmotions//toilet

Areyourmotionswellformed?

Histoiletisgreen.

Pregnantbeinthefamilyway

Urinatetodonumberone

Vomittothrowup//tobesick

Dyspnoeaoutofbreath

Dyspepsiaindigestion

Encephalitisbrainfever

Hydrophobiarabies

Myopianear-sight

Menopausetheendperiods

Dotherunnynose

Agoodturn

AtroventNasal

Fast,longlastingrelief

Fromthewateryrhinorrhea

operatingtheatreoperatingroom

FBCCBC

spiritsalcohol

registrarresident

malignant/pernicious/vicious/subtertian

wholeblood/fulldiet/universaldonor/totalhysterectomy

hemorrhage/bleeding/bloodloss

show/indicate/demonstrate/reveal

develop/contract/beafflictedwith/beillwith/bedownwith

besubjectto/beliableto/besusceptibleto/beaptto/beproneto

utilize/employ/exploit/use

V.Acronyms

MATH:

modernapproachtothetreatmentofhypertension

STONE:

上海老年高血压硝苯地平试验（STONE）（ShanghaiTrialofNifedipineintheElderly）

INSIGHT：

INSIGHT研究作为高血压治疗目标的国际硝苯地平缓释片干预研究internationalNifedipineGITSstudyinterventionasagoalinhypertensiontreatment

HOT:

homeoxygentherapy

HOPE:

theHeartOutcomesPreventionEvaluation

CHAOS:

冠心病（coronary），高血压（hypertension），，成人糖尿病（adultdiabetes），肥胖（obesity）及脑卒中（stroke）

CHILDcongenitalhemidysplasiaitchthyosisandlimbdefect先天性半侧发育不良，鱼鳞病及肢体缺陷

GRE：

糖皮质激素应答因子glucocorticoidresponsiveelement

PET：

正电子发射断层照相positronemissioncomputedtomography

ABC:

（1）aspirationbiopsycytology针吸活组织检查细胞学

（2）Avidin-Biotin-peroxidase-complextechnique抗生物素，生物素，过氧化酶复合物技术

FISH：

fluorensceinsituhybridization

MEN:

multipleendocrineneoplasia多内分泌腺瘤

VIP：

vasoactiveintestinalpolypeptide血管活性肠肽

NET：

nerveexcitabilitytest神经兴奋性试验

ERA:

estrondiolreceptorassay

EAR:

EuropeanAssociationofRadiation

SOB:

shortofbreath

MAPs:

microtubleassociatedproteins微