汉英翻译技巧与实践 1.docx

1、汉英翻译技巧与实践 1汉英翻译技巧与实践题型:按要求翻译句子（15*2）翻译下列句子 （15*2）翻译段落（4*10）词类的转换汉语动词转换成英语名词 在校大学生人数急剧增加. There was a sharp increase in the number of the students in universities. 我们是绝对不会支持这种做法的. We will never give any support to such behaviors. 你必须好好照顾病人. You must take good care of the patient. 这本杂志一发行就销售一空. The ma

2、gazine was sold out immediately after its issue汉语动词转换成英语名词 专家建议立刻削减军费开支. Some experts suggested an immediate reduction in military expenditure. 熟练掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情. The mastery of a language is not easy. 你选择哪一个? Which is your choice? 这个国家的和平遭到破坏,是美国政府的干涉造成的. The destruction of peace in this country re

3、sulted from the intervention of the US government.汉语动词转换成英语形容词 我们对他的工作极为满意. We are very satisfied with his job. 我们为他的身体健康担忧. We are anxious about his health. 他们怀疑他是否会准时来. They are doubtful whether he will come on time. 工人们给政府施压,要求改善工作条件. The workers are pressing the government for better working con

4、ditions.汉语动词转换成英语介词(词组) 他们正在准备参加这次晚会. They are preparing for the party. 许多人反对这项计划. Many people are against the program. 所提建议仅供参考. All the suggestions are for your reference. 我不必排队等车,我是在始发站上车. I dont have to queue for my bus. I get on at the terminus汉语动词转换成英语介词(词组) 深圳大学归市政府管辖. Shenzhen University is

5、under the control of the municipal government. 他们完全赞成我的建议. They are all in favor of my suggestion. 他们开始寻找食物. They started in search of food.汉语名词转换成英语动词 地球的形状像一个大鸡蛋. The earth is shaped like an egg. 该地区天气的主要特点是变化无常. The climate in this region is chiefly characterized by its variety. 我们的判断应该以事实为基础. We

6、 should base our judgment on facts汉语名词转换成英语动词 我们对投资的依赖超过其他城市. We rely more than any other city on the investment. 他的演讲给我留下深刻的印象. His speech impressed me deeply. 问卷调查的目的是加强对学生思想的了解. The questionnaire aims to know better the students ideas.汉语名词转换成英语形容词或副词 汉语非常具有表现力. Chinese language is very expressive

7、. 他的行为使我们起了疑心. His behaviors make us suspicious. 我们的脑力和体力都在透支. We are being overdrawn both mentally and physically. 他们具有罕见的娴熟技巧,能够从自然界获取自己需要的一切. They were exceptionally skillful at taking from nature all they needed to survive.汉语副词转换成英语的动词,名词或形容词 他们成功地改善了生态环境. They succeeded in improving the ecologi

8、cal environment. 政府毫不犹豫地采取最严厉的措施打击犯罪分子. The government will not hesitate to take the severest measures against criminals. 他勉强地接受了邀请. He accepted the invitation with unwillingness.汉语副词转换成英语的动词,名词或形容词 这些孩子很困难地在泥泞的道路上行走. The children were walking in the mud with difficulties. 他生动地向我们描述了婚礼的场面. He gave u

9、s a vivid description of the wedding. 在这种非正式场合,人们可以随意地穿着. People are free to wear what they please in this informal occasion. 中国积极地参与了营救工作. China took an active part in the rescue汉语形容词转换成英语名词或副词 这次会议十分重要. The negotiation is of great importance. 科学家对政治并不陌生. Scientists are no strangers to politics. 他发

10、现我很犹豫,于是过来对我说: “别犹豫啦.” When he noticed my hesitation, he came to me and said: “Come on.”主语的选择原文的形容词性成分作主语我的头疼得要命.My head aches badly.My head is killing me.I have a splitting headache.I have a terrible headache.I have a migraine.懒惰的人不会成功.A lazy person will never succeed.Laziness makes it impossible f

11、or one to succeed.Laziness makes success impossible.这位母亲很为有个聪明漂亮的女儿而骄傲.The mother is very proud to have an intelligent and pretty daughter.The intelligence and beauty of the daughter makes her mother very proud.原文的名词性成分作主语一个星期前我 遇上了一件最不可思议的事情.I had the most incredible experience a week ago.I had the

12、 most inconceivable encounter a week ago.The most unbelievable thing happened to me a week ago.他突然发现地毯上有个深色斑点.He suddenly saw a dark stain on the carpet.A dark stain on the carpet caught his eye.A dark stain on the carpet suddenly attracted his attention.他两天就抽完一包烟.He finishes a pack of cigarettes in

13、 two days.A packet of cigarettes lasts him only two days.It takes him only two days to finish a pack of cigarettes.原文的副词性成分作主语因为天气太糟,我们未能成行.Because of poor weather, we did not go.Bad weather prevented us from going.Bad weather caused us to cancel/postpone our trip.在刚刚结束的 全运会上, 山东女子田径队有出色表现.The Shand

14、ong womens track and field team put on an excellent performance at Chinas just-completed National Games.Chinas just-completed National Games saw the outstanding performance by the Shandong womens track and field team.去年许多国家发生了严重的金融危机.Last year witnessed a serious financial crisis in many countries.原

15、文的动词性成分作主语我见到他就恶心.Whenever I see him, I feel sick.I feel sick at the very sight of him.The very sight of him makes me sick.昨天他们表演得很成功.They performed very successfully yesterday.Their performance yesterday was a very huge success.昨天他们表演得很成功，引起了媒体的广泛关注。Their highly successful performance yesterday has

16、 attracted wide media attention.我从来没有那么想过.I have never thought like that.I have never had such a thought.The idea has never crossed my mind.The thought has never occurred to me.添加主语他今天的举止有些反常.His behavior is a bit unusual today.He is acting a bit odd today.There is something strange about his behavi

17、or today.新工作不见得比原先的工作要强.The new job will not necessarily be better than the old one.There is no guarantee that the new job will be better than the old one.只有缺乏经验的人才会犯这样的错误.Only an inexperienced person could have made such a mistake.Such a mistake can be made only by an inexperienced person.None but

18、the inexperienced could have committed a mistake like that.None but the brave deserves the fair.词量的增减增词1.语义性增词感冒可以通过人的手进行传染.Flu can be spread by hand contacts.我们提倡顾全大局.We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.我们必须坚持改革开放.We must stick to the policy of reform and

19、opening to the outside world增词2.语法性增词既然你不愿意做,我就不强迫你了.Since you dont want to do it, I wont force you to.如果你喜欢这块手表, 就拿去.If you like this watch, keep it.有的人去美国的目的是为了提高英语水平.The reason why some people go to the United States is to improve their English.在我国,人才培养存在着一些弊端.In our country, the practice of cult

20、ivating people has quite a few drawbacks.这些问题只能收费解决.These problems can be solved only by introduction of fees.你能告诉我为什么把物体向天上抛却会向地下落吗?Can you tell me the reason why things fall toward the ground when they are thrown out into the air.增词3.注释性增词班门弄斧Show off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban th

21、e master carpenter.三个臭皮匠,顶一个诸葛亮.Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.减词1.减去范畴词上中学时, 他就显示出在写作方面的才能.While in middle school he was displaying /showing/demonstrating a talent for writing.空气污染问题必须在近几年内加以解决.Air pollution must be solved in the coming few years.我对他的家庭情况一

22、无所知.I know nothing about his family.减词2.减去近义词他的生活水平改善了,但是身体状况并未改善.His living condition is improved, but his health is not.我们能够去掉不良作风, 保持优良作风.We can get rid of a bad style and keep the good.一个地区有一个地区的全局,一个国家有一个国家的全局.A region has its own overall interest and a nation has another.开拓者勇于改革,勇于探索,勇于创造.The

23、pioneers were courageous enough to make reforms, to probe into new things and to make inventions.减词3.减去内容空洞的词花园里面是人间的乐园,有的是吃不了的大米白面,穿不完的绫罗绸缎,花不完的金银财宝.The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.减词4.减去冗余的词按照格林先生的说法,这个问题很微妙.A

24、ccording to Mr. Green, this is a very delicate problem.他们不知道自己能否适应没有父母在身边的生活.They didnt know whether they could adapt to the life without parents.我们从书本上学到了很多知识.We learn a lot from books.把年龄太小的孩子送入小学学习并不好.It is no good putting a very young child in a primary school.他想去试试,看看能不能举起来.He wanted to try if

25、he could lift it up.Exercises你想看这本书,就先看吧.You may read the book first, since you are anxious to read it.中国总是要前进的.What ever happens, China will march on有人来电话, 你就说我12点回来.Whoever telephones, tell them I shall be back by 12 oclock.我们必须培养分析问题,解决问题的能力.We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve prob

26、lems.每条河都有上游,中游和下游.Every river has its upper, middle, and lower reaches.他把事情一五一十地都给父母讲了.He told his parents the whole story exactly as it had happened.遣词用句“吃”我特别爱吃生蒜。I am especially fond of raw garlic.他们现在不愁吃，不愁穿。They dont have to worry about food and clothing now.跟我们一起吃午饭吧！Join us for lunch!她挑挑拣拣的吃

27、了一点。She picked at food.谢谢，我实在吃饱了 Thanks, Ive really had enough.为促进统一，就要有个适当的形式。To promote the reunification of the motherland, we must find a proper means.年迈的局长在会议中间睡着了。 The senile bureau chief nodded off in (the middle of) the conference.去长城的往返车票要十五元。A return ticket to the Great Wall costs fifteen

28、yuan.近几年来，他们家的经济状况每况愈下。In recent years, his family has been going downhill financially.世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上来说，都是因为经济上不去。Basically, the root cause for social unrest in some countries lies in their failure to boost the economy.有条件的，自行车不想骑了，干脆就买一辆木兰。Those who can afford it will quit bicycles and arm themse

29、lves with a light motorcycle.当今只有少数几个国家有资格打世界大战Only a few countries can afford to fight a world war.宗教不得干预政治。It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion.我们应当从这里得出一条经验，就是不要被假象所迷惑。We should draw a lesson here: Dont be misled by false appearance.你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上，不能立刻辨出它有没有果实

30、，非得等到你接触它才能知道。When you chance upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you dig it out肯定句与否定句肯定句译成否定句1.表达习惯不同一直到写完作业，他才出现。He didnt turn up until he finished his homework.一分耕耘，一分收获。No pains, no gains.2. 语气的需要同行是冤家。Two of a trade did n

31、ever agree.走远点。Youd better not bother me.他们的成功简直是个奇迹。Their success are nothing short of (adv.除之外） miraculous.3.为了使原来隐含意义更加明确，更便于直接理解。他们很快完成了任务。They finished the task in no time.与其他人相比，他是位非凡的教授。As compared with others, he is no ordinary professor.4. 为使译文更精确。恐怕这些调查工作是白做了。Im afraid that these investigations are done for nothing.过马路时，越小