中国智能电网的发展状况 外文翻译Word文件下载.docx

1、development of economy. Meanwhile, the problems related to climate change, environmental protection and sustainable development have become increasingly noticeable. Also, requirements from electricity consumers for higher supply reliability, excellent power quality and satisfactory services have eme

2、rged. In this scenario, two main characteristics of Chinese power grids are deduced. The first one is that the grids will remain the trend of rapid development for a long period of time. The second one is that Chinese power grid must take the road of constructing strong grids. These strong grids hav

3、e UHV grids as their backbones and are supported by coordinated development of grids at different voltage levels. Based on the analysis of the necessities and the basic conditions of smart grid development in China, the paper provides an in-depth understanding of the four following aspects that shou

4、ld be correctly dealt with: constructing strong and smart grid with Chinese characteristics, scientifically planning the temporal orders of intellectualizing transmission and distribution systems, designing the integration of information project and smart grids in advance, and ensuring the coordinat

5、ed development of smart grid, power sources and users. Finally, the paper presents some suggestions on construction of Chinese smart grid.KEY WORDS: information engineering ； smart grid ；sustainable development；temporal orderIntroductionSince entering the 21st century, Chinas demand for electricity

6、has been very high due to the rapid development of its economy. At the same time, the problems related to climate change, environmental protection and sustainable development have been increasingly noticeable. As the basic industry that combines production materials with living essentials, electrici

7、ty industry is inevitably drawing much attention from society, government and the public.Meanwhile, as the largest user of primary energy resources, electricity industry cannot shirk its responsibility on lowering the emissions of greenhouse gases and attenuating its negative impacts on climate, whi

8、ch is particularly true for China. In 2008, China ranked the second place in the world in terms of the total emissions of greenhouse gases with its 16 cities joining the worlds top 20 most-polluted ones. Besides, the direct losses brought about by acid rains are over 100 billion yuan. So, it is an u

9、rgent mission to save energy and abate emissions and turn the society into a resource-saving and environmentally friendly one1. With the development of digital economy and information era, the requirements of consumers for power supply reliability, power quality and services become increasingly high

10、. Therefore, it turns to be a social problem to accelerate the mode transition of power production, transmission, and consumption and that of electricity industry development. In this scenario, China and some European and American countries have made some efforts in solving the related problems acco

11、rding to their own conditions. The achievements made include application of UHV, distributed generation, and power electronics technology, development of electricity market, and rapid development of renewable energy sources. Impressively, from these efforts germinates and grows the concept of smart

12、grid.By comparing the smart grids in China with those in the US and Europe and considering the conditions of energy resources and the interior driving forces of grids in China, this paper presents the main characteristics of Chinas grids, analyzes the four aspects that need much attention while cons

13、tructing Chinas smart grids, and reveals that only strong and smart grid can meet the requirements for building a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society in China.1 Comparisons of smart grids in China and those in US and EuropeComparisons of smart grids in China and those in US and Euro

14、pe are made as follows in terms of backgrounds, goals and main characteristics.1.1 Smart grids in US1.1.1 Backgrounds1 ） Major problems of grids include aging electricity infrastructure, transmission congestion, low market efficiency, poor reliability and gap between the secondary systems and digita

15、l and information technologies.2）There are numerous electricity utilities, and various management modes. Most balances between power generation and power consumption are realized locally. Long-distance transmission is rarely performed.3）Permissions to construct power lines are hard to get because pu

16、blic concerns over environmental protection are enormous and raising money is difficult on electricity market.4）Though there is national interconnection, some problems exist in management and security due to lack of nationwide backbone networks and uniform dispatch control.1.1.2 Goals1） Digitally up

17、grading transmission and distribution （T&D） systems, optimizing operation of T&D systems, opening market for alternative energies and offering diverse options for electricity consumers. 2）Increasing reliability, security and efficiency of power transmission and consumption with advanced technologies

18、 of information, communication and control.3）Turning future networks into the smart grids of resilience, reliability, interactivity and self-balance.1.1.3 Main characteristics1 ） Participation of consumers begins with distribution systems. Installing advanced metering systems for consumers is in the

19、 first phase.2 ） Much importance is attached to demand responses and development of demand-side resources and high efficient resources. Consumers can be provided with real-time information and options.3）Be able to realize integration of intelligent electrical apparatus and users equipment into grids

20、, and application of advanced energy storage systems and peak-load shaving technologies.4 ） The grids are adaptable to distributed generation and renewable energy generation.1.2 Smart grids in Europe1.2.1 Backgrounds1）Grids in European countries are interconnected, and the interoperation among them

21、is increasingly strong.2）The energy policies address the importance of environmental protection and development of renewable energy sources.3）Due to the saturating electricity demands and limited development space, the final goal of energy development is distributed generation, not the expansion of

22、the scales of grids.4）The user-centered philosophy becomes popular and the freedom of electricity market is enlarged.1.2.2 Goals1）Adaptable to changes and challenges faced by future grids and accommodating various demands of consumers.2）Guaranteeing all users to be accessible to grids and to easily

23、obtain renewable, efficient and clean energy.3）Making power supply reliable and secure in accordance with the requirements of digital society and information era.4）Improving the efficiency of electricity market by innovating technologies, efficiently managing energy resources and introducing orderly

24、 competition into market.1.2.3 Main characteristics1）The terminal users play more active roles in power supply. Demand Side Management （DSM） becomes an indirect generation means, which highlights the users being rewarded for their participation.2 ） The new systems will cover the whole European conti

25、nent and make sure that the terminal users can access to as much resources as possible and realize high efficient power exchanges.3）Problems concerning environmental protection can be solved with the full use of renewable energy.1.3 Smart grids in China1.3.1 Backgrounds1）The grids develop rapidly wi

26、th large capacity for growth in electricity demand thanks to the rapid increase in social economy. 2） Breakthroughs have been made on UHV transmission technologies, which lay the foundation for improving the grids capability of wide-area optimal allocation of resources.3）Electricity occupies a small

27、 part in terminal energy consumption. Efficiency in energy application is low, participation of users is not enough, and marketization of electricity industry should be accelerated.4）Problems concerning grids accommodating capability, receiving end markets, and dispatch and operation have become pro

28、minent due to the impressively rapid development of renewable energy.1.3.2 Goals1）Serving the development of social economy, helping build a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society, and making power supply secure, reliable, clean, and efficient.2 ） Serving both power sources and users,

29、contributing to the coordinated and sustainable development of electricity generation, transmission, distribution and consumption. 3） Enabling the optimal operation of power systems and improving the grids capability of optimal allocation of resources to realize efficient application of social resou

30、rces and maximize the benefits.4）Implementing the “plug-and-play” integration of renewable energy generation and distributed generation with strong network structures and flexible operation modes.1.3.3 Main characteristics1）Based on digital substations and smart grids, the self-healing capability ca

31、n be obtained via smart management and smart dispatching. 2） The interactivity will be emphasized in information exchanges and data transfer among power sources, T&D systems and users and among the dispatching centers at various levels.3）Importance will be attached to the harmonized development betw

32、een smart grid planning and planning of the backbone networks of bulk systems, and the mergence of the planning for various electricity sources.4）Smart grids fusion with information construction and its leading function will be highlighted.5）Mutual connection, unification and harmonization are stressed in managerial sectors such as planning, designing, construction and o