中国智能电网的发展状况 外文翻译Word文件下载.docx

中国智能电网的发展状况 外文翻译Word文件下载.docx

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developmentofeconomy.Meanwhile,theproblemsrelatedtoclimatechange,environmentalprotectionandsustainabledevelopmenthavebecomeincreasinglynoticeable.Also,requirementsfromelectricityconsumersforhighersupplyreliability,excellentpowerqualityandsatisfactoryserviceshaveemerged.Inthisscenario,twomaincharacteristicsofChinesepowergridsarededuced.Thefirstoneisthatthegridswillremainthetrendofrapiddevelopmentforalongperiodoftime.ThesecondoneisthatChinesepowergridmusttaketheroadofconstructingstronggrids.ThesestronggridshaveUHVgridsastheirbackbonesandaresupportedbycoordinateddevelopmentofgridsatdifferentvoltagelevels.BasedontheanalysisofthenecessitiesandthebasicconditionsofsmartgriddevelopmentinChina,thepaperprovidesanin-depthunderstandingofthefourfollowingaspectsthatshouldbecorrectlydealtwith:

constructingstrongandsmartgridwithChinesecharacteristics,scientificallyplanningthetemporalordersofintellectualizingtransmissionanddistributionsystems,designingtheintegrationofinformationprojectandsmartgridsinadvance,andensuringthecoordinateddevelopmentofsmartgrid,powersourcesandusers.Finally,thepaperpresentssomesuggestionsonconstructionofChinesesmartgrid.

KEYWORDS:

informationengineering；

smartgrid；

sustainabledevelopment；

temporalorder

Introduction

Sinceenteringthe21stcentury,China’sdemandforelectricityhasbeenveryhighduetotherapiddevelopmentofitseconomy.Atthesametime,theproblemsrelatedtoclimatechange,environmentalprotectionandsustainabledevelopmenthavebeenincreasinglynoticeable.Asthebasicindustrythatcombinesproductionmaterialswithlivingessentials,electricityindustryisinevitablydrawingmuchattentionfromsociety,governmentandthepublic.

Meanwhile,asthelargestuserofprimaryenergyresources,electricityindustrycannotshirkitsresponsibilityonloweringtheemissionsofgreenhousegasesandattenuatingitsnegativeimpactsonclimate,whichisparticularlytrueforChina.In2008,Chinarankedthesecondplaceintheworldintermsofthetotalemissionsofgreenhousegaseswithits16citiesjoiningtheworld’stop20most-pollutedones.Besides,thedirectlossesbroughtaboutbyacidrainsareover100billionyuan.So,itisanurgentmissiontosaveenergyandabateemissionsandturnthesocietyintoaresource-savingandenvironmentallyfriendlyone[1].Withthedevelopmentofdigitaleconomyandinformationera,therequirementsofconsumersforpowersupplyreliability,powerqualityandservicesbecomeincreasinglyhigh.Therefore,itturnstobeasocialproblemtoacceleratethemodetransitionofpowerproduction,transmission,andconsumptionandthatofelectricityindustrydevelopment.Inthisscenario,ChinaandsomeEuropeanandAmericancountrieshavemadesomeeffortsinsolvingtherelatedproblemsaccordingtotheirownconditions.TheachievementsmadeincludeapplicationofUHV,distributedgeneration,andpowerelectronicstechnology,developmentofelectricitymarket,andrapiddevelopmentofrenewableenergysources.Impressively,fromtheseeffortsgerminatesandgrowstheconceptofsmartgrid.

BycomparingthesmartgridsinChinawiththoseintheUSandEuropeandconsideringtheconditionsofenergyresourcesandtheinteriordrivingforcesofgridsinChina,thispaperpresentsthemaincharacteristicsofChina’sgrids,analyzesthefouraspectsthatneedmuchattentionwhileconstructingChina’ssmartgrids,andrevealsthatonlystrongandsmartgridcanmeettherequirementsforbuildingaresource-savingandenvironmentallyfriendlysocietyinChina.

1ComparisonsofsmartgridsinChinaandthoseinUSandEurope

ComparisonsofsmartgridsinChinaandthoseinUSandEuropearemadeasfollowsintermsofbackgrounds,goalsandmaincharacteristics.

1.1SmartgridsinUS

1.1.1Backgrounds

1）Majorproblemsofgridsincludeagingelectricityinfrastructure,transmissioncongestion,lowmarketefficiency,poorreliabilityandgapbetweenthesecondarysystemsanddigitalandinformationtechnologies.

2）Therearenumerouselectricityutilities,andvariousmanagementmodes.Mostbalancesbetweenpowergenerationandpowerconsumptionarerealizedlocally.Long-distancetransmissionisrarelyperformed.

3）Permissionstoconstructpowerlinesarehardtogetbecausepublicconcernsoverenvironmentalprotectionareenormousandraisingmoneyisdifficultonelectricitymarket.

4）Thoughthereisnationalinterconnection,someproblemsexistinmanagementandsecurityduetolackofnationwidebackbonenetworksanduniformdispatchcontrol.

1.1.2Goals

1）Digitallyupgradingtransmissionanddistribution（T&

D）systems,optimizingoperationofT&

Dsystems,openingmarketforalternativeenergiesandofferingdiverseoptionsforelectricityconsumers.

2）Increasingreliability,securityandefficiencyofpowertransmissionandconsumptionwithadvancedtechnologiesofinformation,communicationandcontrol.

3）Turningfuturenetworksintothesmartgridsofresilience,reliability,interactivityandself-balance.

1.1.3Maincharacteristics

1）Participationofconsumersbeginswithdistributionsystems.Installingadvancedmeteringsystemsforconsumersisinthefirstphase.

2）Muchimportanceisattachedtodemandresponsesanddevelopmentofdemand-sideresourcesandhighefficientresources.Consumerscanbeprovidedwithreal-timeinformationandoptions.

3）Beabletorealizeintegrationofintelligentelectricalapparatusanduser'

sequipmentintogrids,andapplicationofadvancedenergystoragesystemsandpeak-loadshavingtechnologies.

4）Thegridsareadaptabletodistributedgenerationandrenewableenergygeneration.

1.2SmartgridsinEurope

1.2.1Backgrounds

1）GridsinEuropeancountriesareinterconnected,andtheinteroperationamongthemisincreasinglystrong.

2）Theenergypoliciesaddresstheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionanddevelopmentofrenewableenergysources.

3）Duetothesaturatingelectricitydemandsandlimiteddevelopmentspace,thefinalgoalofenergydevelopmentisdistributedgeneration,nottheexpansionofthescalesofgrids.

4）Theuser-centeredphilosophybecomespopularandthefreedomofelectricitymarketisenlarged.

1.2.2Goals

1）Adaptabletochangesandchallengesfacedbyfuturegridsandaccommodatingvariousdemandsofconsumers.

2）Guaranteeingalluserstobeaccessibletogridsandtoeasilyobtainrenewable,efficientandcleanenergy.

3）Makingpowersupplyreliableandsecureinaccordancewiththerequirementsofdigitalsocietyandinformationera.

4）Improvingtheefficiencyofelectricitymarketbyinnovatingtechnologies,efficientlymanagingenergyresourcesandintroducingorderlycompetitionintomarket.

1.2.3Maincharacteristics

1）Theterminalusersplaymoreactiverolesinpowersupply.DemandSideManagement（DSM）becomesanindirectgenerationmeans,whichhighlightstheusersbeingrewardedfortheirparticipation.

2）ThenewsystemswillcoverthewholeEuropeancontinentandmakesurethattheterminaluserscanaccesstoasmuchresourcesaspossibleandrealizehighefficientpowerexchanges.

3）Problemsconcerningenvironmentalprotectioncanbesolvedwiththefulluseofrenewableenergy.

1.3SmartgridsinChina

1.3.1Backgrounds

1）Thegridsdeveloprapidlywithlargecapacityforgrowthinelectricitydemandthankstotherapidincreaseinsocialeconomy.

2）BreakthroughshavebeenmadeonUHVtransmissiontechnologies,whichlaythefoundationforimprovingthegrids’capabilityofwide-areaoptimalallocationofresources.

3）Electricityoccupiesasmallpartinterminalenergyconsumption.Efficiencyinenergyapplicationislow,participationofusersisnotenough,andmarketizationofelectricityindustryshouldbeaccelerated.

4）Problemsconcerninggrids’accommodatingcapability,receivingendmarkets,anddispatchandoperationhavebecomeprominentduetotheimpressivelyrapiddevelopmentofrenewableenergy.

1.3.2Goals

1）Servingthedevelopmentofsocialeconomy,helpingbuildaresource-savingandenvironmentallyfriendlysociety,andmakingpowersupplysecure,reliable,clean,andefficient.

2）Servingbothpowersourcesandusers,contributingtothecoordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentofelectricitygeneration,transmission,distributionandconsumption.

3）Enablingtheoptimaloperationofpowersystemsandimprovingthegrids’capabilityofoptimalallocationofresourcestorealizeefficientapplicationofsocialresourcesandmaximizethebenefits.

4）Implementingthe“plug-and-play”integrationofrenewableenergygenerationanddistributedgenerationwithstrongnetworkstructuresandflexibleoperationmodes.

1.3.3Maincharacteristics

1）Basedondigitalsubstationsandsmartgrids,theself-healingcapabilitycanbeobtainedviasmartmanagementandsmartdispatching.

2）Theinteractivitywillbeemphasizedininformationexchangesanddatatransferamongpowersources,T&

Dsystemsandusersandamongthedispatchingcentersatvariouslevels.

3）Importancewillbeattachedtotheharmonizeddevelopmentbetweensmartgridplanningandplanningofthebackbonenetworksofbulksystems,andthemergenceoftheplanningforvariouselectricitysources.

4）Smartgrid’sfusionwithinformationconstructionanditsleadingfunctionwillbehighlighted.

5）Mutualconnection,unificationandharmonizationarestressedinmanagerialsectorssuchasplanning,designing,constructionando