研究生车辆工程专业外语PPT文档格式.ppt

1、授课方式：讲授+同学模拟报告+课后练习 课上讲授基本知识布置作业（听说作业、翻译作业等）听说作业：同学设计技术报告（电子幻灯方式）以小组为单位每位同学逐个宣讲，其他同学提问，宣讲人回答问题修改电子幻灯。（全部用英语）课上，老师每组随机抽一位同学上台宣讲，其他组同学提问，宣讲人回答问题。（全部用英语）老师评价，给分，宣讲人的分数即他所在组的各位同学的分数。分数比例：平时50%，期末50%期末考试：书面闭卷考试（专业词汇、阅读、翻译、写摘要等等）。,为什么教?（Why teach）,专业外语-必需的工具；用英语完成专业工作；有感而备，有感而发；真实的例子；实战中学习；“授人一鱼,仅供一饭之需;授人

2、以渔,则终生受益。”,为什么学?（Why learn）,感悟地学习；掌握科技外语规范、约定、句型；培养优秀而规范的工作风格；珍惜宝贵的学习机会和时光；,如何学?（How to learn）,专心听讲，认真完成作业。程序中的注释使用英语。不用中文或汉语拼音作变量名、字段名、文件名、程序名、文件夹名。坚持研究生期间读一到两本自己专业的原版书。多使用英英字典。对缩略语，一定要搞清每个字母的英文含义。,Practice 1,1）Please introduce yourself in English.,Good afternoon!My name is Wu Xiaohua.Im from Cheng

3、du,located in southwest of China.Now I am working in Xihua University.My work main involves teaching lessons about EV to the undergraduates.At the same time I do some research work about EV.,Practice 1,2）Please introduce your educational background.,I graduated from China Agricultural University wit

4、h a bachelors degree in 2007,and then I earned my Ph.D degree in Beijing Institute of Technology University in 2012 with my research focus on parameters matching and control strategy for EV.My major is vehicle engineering.,Letter of application,假如你将申请去美国某高校联合培养一年，请给您的美国教授写一封邮件，介绍你的情况及申请原因。,Example,D

5、ear Prof.Moura，I am writing to apply for a position as a visiting scholar under your supervision for a period of 12 months from Aug.,2014 to July,2015.I will be sponsored by China Scholarship Council for all my expenses at USD1300-1700 per month during this period.I will also supplement my expenses

6、with my personal savings.,I am Wu Xiaohua,Lecturer in School of Transportation and Automotive Engineering,Xihua University.I have been teaching and doing research in electric vehicle for the past two years in Xihua University.I mostly focus on the control strategy for electric vehicles,especially re

7、lated to dynamic analysis and optimization methods of control strategy for HEV.I have got about 4 journal papers,2 research projects during the past 4 years.,It is my knowledge,after my extensive research and with recommendation of my friends and colleagues,that you have been the leading researcher

8、in the field of electric vehicle,and have great influence in this area,not only in the US,but also throughout the world academic circle.It is well acknowledged that China has been developing very fast for the past decades.Along with that,electric vehicle has made great strides in China.So now it is

9、high time that we did some research into the field for some revealing insights.That brings me to the idea of making further research under your supervision regarding this hot issue.,I strongly believe that my research will be definitely enhanced with your supervision and that my communication with y

10、ou and your faculty will produce mutual benefit,and I hope we can establish close contact for future research and collaboration.I highly appreciate your considering my application and look forward to hearing from you soon!Kind regards,Wu,Xiaohua,Homework,1）Xiaosong Hu,Nikolce Murgovski,Lars Mardh Jo

11、hannesson,and Bo Egardt.Optimal Dimensioning and Power Managementof a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Busvia Convex Programming.IEEE/ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS,VOL.20,NO.1,FEBRUARY 20152）Scott Jason Moura,Hosam K.Fathy,Duncan S.Callawayand Jeffrey L.Stein.A Stochastic Optimal Control Approach for Po

12、wer Management in Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY,VOL.19,NO.3,MAY 2011,Do you think we should make it compulsory（mandatory）for university students to live on campus,or should they be allowed to live in a rented apartment/off campus?Why?,Oral training

13、3,Reasons for why you shouldnt live off campus1）If you live off campus,you are more likely to be absent*.2）You will make more friends if you live on campus.3）Your safety will be ensured/guaranteed.4）It will be easier to study.5）It is important to develop group spirit.,Reasons for why you should be a

14、llowed to live off campus1）Its important,but not necessary.Parents are concerned about their children too much,and that creates a problem because now some students arent very independent.2）You can find more comfortable places to live off campus.3）Its too noisy in the dorms.4）As long as you show up t

15、o class and do your work,why does it matter where you live?5）Living on campus is ok,but we should have the option to choose whether or not we want to live on campus.,1.What will you plan to do in the future?What is your plan in 5-10 years?2.Will you like to study in a small but with high quality uni

16、versity or a big university like Harvard or Princeton?3.How about your ability to be a teaching assistant?4.Do you have any special or excellent idea during your research experience?5.Whats your hobby?What do you do in your spare time?,Oral training 4,A Stochastic Optimal Control Approach for Power

17、Management in Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles,AbstractThis paper examines the problem of optimally splitting driver power demand among the different actuators（i.e.,the engine and electric machines）in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle（PHEV）.Existing studies focus mostly on optimizing PHEV power mana

18、gement for fuel economy,subject to charge sustenance constraints,over individual drive cycles.This paper adds three original contributions to this literature.First,it uses stochastic dynamic programming to optimize PHEV power management over a distribution of drive cycles,rather than a single cycle.

19、Second,it explicitly trades off fuel and electricity usage in a PHEV,thereby systematically exploring the potential benefits of controlled charge depletion over aggressive charge depletion followed by charge sustenance.Finally,it examines the impact of variations in relative fuel-to-electricity pric

20、ing on optimal PHEV power management.The paper focuses on a single-mode power-split PHEV configuration for mid-size sedans,but its approach is extendible to other configurations and sizes as well.,Optimal Dimensioning and Power Management of a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Bus via Convex Programming,This

21、 paper is concerned with the simultaneous optimal component sizing and power management of a fuel cell/battery hybrid bus.Existing studies solve the combined plant/controller optimization problem for fuel cell hybrid vehicles（FCHVs）by using methods with disadvantages of heavy computational burden an

22、d/or suboptimality,for which only a single driving profile was often considered.This paper adds three important contributions to the FCHVs-related literature.First,convex programming is extended to rapidly and efficiently optimize both the power management strategy and sizes of the fuel cell system（

23、FCS）and the battery pack in the hybrid bus.The main purpose is to encourage more researchers and engineers in FCHVs field to utilize the new effective tool.Second,the influence of the driving pattern on the optimization result（both the component sizes and hydrogen economy）of the bus is systematicall

24、y investigated by considering three different bus driving routes,including two standard testing cycles and a realistic bus line cycle with slope information in Gothenburg,Sweden.Finally,the sensitivity of the optimization outcome to the potential price decreases of the FCS and the battery is quantit

25、atively examined.,Chapter 1 专业英语基础,专业英语是各专业人士的工作语言。专业英语的特点：长句多例:Optics on a silicon chip provides a new platform for the monolithic integration of optics and microelectronics and can open the door to a new technology that is free from conventional microelectronics.被动语态使用多例:The difficulty in controll

26、ing light and diverting its path on silicon needs to be addressed before this technology can successfully be used to resolve current microelectronics bottlenecks.,专业英语特点（2）,虚拟语态表达假设或建议 The flexible ribbon,just 1 meter wide and thinner than paper,would be made of carbon-nanotube composite fibers arra

27、nged in long strands,cross-braced to evenly redistribute the load if a strand were cut.在说明书、手册中广泛使用祈使语句名词性词组多 Difficulty of externally controlling silicon structures非限定动词（动名词、分词、不定式）使用率高介词短语多常用“It”句型结构,专业英语特点（3）,常使用动词或名词演化成的形容词 u盘如何翻译?多种译法:memory stick/USB Flash Disk/Flash Drive希腊词根和拉丁词根比例大 bilingua

28、l two/language经常出现缩略词 Fig.Figure;WWW World Wide Web缩写使用频繁 IC-Integrated Circuit；PDA-Personal Digital Assistant FYI For Your Information插图、表格、公式、数字的比例大合成新词多 World Wide Web,科技文章的特点（1）,科技文章是以传播科技信息为主的文体，内容客观准确，数据完整，很少存在个人主观见解和感情色彩。科技文章重在表达科学原理、技术流程，语言规范、正式，句子结构完整，逻辑清晰，常常有长句出现，并配有大量的公式、图表。科技文章中使用大量的科技术语

29、。这些术语是承载科技要领的语言符号，在高新技术领域占有重要的地位，更是科技翻译的难点。术语的翻译往往需要认真研究原始的概念，精心的构思译名，并遵守有关的标准及规范。使用大量图表、数据来证明文章的论点。,专业英语的语法特点（1）,Objectivity（客观）被动语态 为什么？更短更简明；重要的信息在句首；更强调事物而非人。一般现在时、一般过去时、一般完成时 专业文献涉及的内容一般没有特定的时间关系，因此很少用过去将来时和完成进行时。主动语句中的主语为事物,专业英语的语法特点（2）,Conciseness（精炼）动名词 动名词短语可用来取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句。When we remove

30、the impurities，the water can be passed back to the boiler On removing the impurities，the water can be passed back to the boiler 分词 过去分词短语可以取代被动态关系从句 现在分词短语可以取代主动态关系从句 As was mentioned As mentioned above 不定式 用以替换表示目的、功能的从句。What does a fuse do？It protects a circuit。The function of a fuse is to protect

31、 a circuit。,专业英语的语法特点（3）,Accuracy（准确）技术术语 结构完整、逻辑清晰,专业英语的词汇特点（1）,专业词汇:意义狭窄、单一、专业性强。Amplifier-放大器 flip-flop-触发器 Nanophotonics-纳光子学次（半）技术词汇：在不同专业有不同的意义，出现率很高，是阅读/写作技术文献的难点。Base 基数（数、计）、支承座（土）、碱（化学）、轴距（机）、库（计）特用词：正式、严谨、少歧义。Keep-maintain enough-sufficient,专业英语的词汇特点（2）,希腊语和拉丁语在专业英语中的比例很大 例如:semiconductor

32、,kilometer合成词汇 例如:feed+back feedback,data+base database转换:词形一般不发生变化 例如:screen to screen,save to save,专业英语的词汇特点（3）,派生或词缀 以semi-构成的词有二百多个；以micro-构成的词有三百多个；下表举了几个常用前缀和后缀：,专业英语的词汇特点（4）,词汇缩略,节略词 maths mathematics，Uni University缩略词：由某些词组的首字母所组成。WAP Wireless Application Protocol CPU Central Process Unit IT Information Technology缩写词：不一定是由某个词组的首字母组成，每个字母后附有一个句点。et.al and other,pare p.s.（Latin）post scriptum,meaning after what