中考英语主谓一致非谓语重难点讲解.docx

1、中考英语主谓一致非谓语重难点讲解中考英语主谓一致&非谓语重难点讲解一、复习思路1. 1、主谓一致三原则：2. 语法一致原则 3. 意义一致原则 就近一致原则 4. 2、非谓语之不定式、动名词常考点二、专题详解主谓一致一） 语法一致的原则注意点： 1. 不定式、动名词、复合不定代词作主语时，谓语用单数。如： To work hard _ necessary for a student. (be) Playing basketball _ my hobby. (be) Somebody _ using the phone. (be)2. 由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语用复数。

2、如： Both he and I _ right. (be) Mr Black and Mrs Black _ a son called Tom. (have) 注意：并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语用单数。如： His teacher and friend _ a beautiful girl. (be) The poet and writer _ come. (have) 3. 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰，则其谓语用单数。如： In our country, every boy and every girl _ the right

3、to receive education. (have) Each man and each woman _ asked to help. (be)4. 主语后面跟“but /except/besides/with/as well as+名词”结构时，谓语的数只看主语，不受介词短语的影响。 The teacher with his students _ going to visit the museum. (be) Nobody but two boys _ late for class. (be)5. 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等

4、作主语时，谓语用复数。如： A lot of people _ dancing outside. (be) The police _ looking for lost boy. (be) 6. 成双成对出现的名词如shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语用复数。如： Where _ my shoes? I cant find them. (be) Your trousers _ dirty. Youd better change them. (be) 注意：如果这类名词前用了a pair of等单位词，则谓语的单复数取决于pair的单复数形式

5、。如： Here _ some new pairs of shoes. (be) My new pair of socks _ on the bed. (be)二）意义一致的原则 1. 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语通常用单数。例如： Twenty years _ not a long time. Ten dollars _ too expensive. 2. 有些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如： My family _ big one. My family _ watching TV. 3.

6、“all/most/more/some/any/none/+of+名词”或“分数/百分数+of+名词”或half, the rest等不定数量的名词作主语时，要根据这些代词所表示的意义来决定谓语的单复数。 All of the work _ been finished. All of the people _ gone. It is said that 35 percent of the doctors _ women. Three fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea. I have read a large part of the book;

7、the rest _ more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest _ off sick. 4. 疑问代词作主语时，其谓语也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如： Who _ your brother? Who _ League members? 5. 由what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语常用单数。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语用复数。 What she said _ correct. What she left me _ a few old

8、 books. 6. 凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语用单数。例如： The sick _ been cured and the lost _ been found. (have) The dead _ a famous person. 三）就近一致的原则 1. 由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如： Either you

9、 or I _ right. Neither the students nor the teacher _ anything about it. 2. 在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There _ one egg and two apples in it. 3. 以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here _ a letter and some books for you. 练习1. How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 2. Not only his pa

10、rents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 3. Neither my father _ going to see the patient. A. nor I am B. nor I are C. or me are D. or me is 4. Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. A. are a number o

11、f deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers 5. A large number of people here _ fond of playing golf, though the number of residents _ small. A. are, are B. is, is C. are, is D. is, are6. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D.

12、were 7. -When are you going to Kunming for your holidays? -I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also 8. _ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D.

13、A and B 9. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each 10. Are there any _ on the farm? A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 11. My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are 12. -Two months _ quite a long time. -Yes. Im afraid that he will

14、miss a lot of lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him. A. both B. none C. neither D. all 14. Our knowledge of computer _ growing all the time. A. be B. is C. are D. were 15. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. is

15、B. was C. are D. were 16. Most of the houses _ this year. A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built 17. I think maths _ very difficult to learn. A. is B. are C. has D. have 18. A large number of students _ to work in Xingjiang. A. have gone B. has gone C. goes D. is going 19. T

16、he number of the students in the class _ small. A. are B. is C. have D. were 20. There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper. A. is B. are C. was D. were 非谓语动词一、专题知识用法详解-非谓语之动词不定式(to) do 知识点1：不定式作主语动词不定式用主语时，为了避免句子“头重脚轻“，常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：(1) It is/was + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth.Its very kind

17、of you to say so. 你能这样说真是太好了。(2) It is/was + n. + (for sb.) + to do sth.It was a bad way to ride there. 骑自行车去那里不是个好办法。(3) It takes/took sb+to do sth.It took me two hours to finish my work yesterday. 昨天我用了两个小时才干完活。知识点2：不定式作宾语(1) 动词不定式在某些动词后面做宾语的有：agree, begin, want, would like, wish, hope, like, expe

18、ct, learn, manage, pretend, try, refuse, choose, promise, ask, demand等。He pretended not to hear. 他假装没有听见。The man tried to catch Tom. 那人试图抓住汤姆。(2) 注意：有些动词，如tell, ask, advise, show, teach, forget, remember, see, wonder, find out, decide, discuss等，后面常用带疑问词的不定式作宾语。I dont know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。Lets d

19、iscuss where to go first. 咱们讨论一下先去哪里。(3) 动词不定式用作宾语时，也可用it代替，前面的动词一般是find, think, make等。We find it difficult to learn written Chinese. 我们发现学习中国文字很难。知识点3：不定式作表语(1)主语是aim, duty, hope, dream, idea, suggestion, problem等抽象名词，或是what引导的所字结构时，用不定式作表语，起补充说明作用。E.g. My duty is to clean the classroom.My dream is

20、 to be a doctor.What I want is to buy a new computer.(2) 不定式作表语，表具体、将来的动作。若主语是不定式，则表语也需是不定式。E.g. To do two things at a time is to do neither.知识点4：不定式作宾语补足语(1) 某些动词 + sb.+ to do sth.常见的这些某些动词有：advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, like, expect, teach, warn, invite, allow等。Miss Yang likes us to read bo

21、oks in the library. 杨老师喜欢让我们再图书馆里看书。Do your parents allow you to go out in the night? 你父母允许你晚上出去吗？(2) 某些动词 + sb.+ do sth.1）使役动词 let, have, make：2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.B. The boss ma

22、de them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night.知识点5：总结哪些句型中用不带to的动词不定式句型中用不带to的动词不定式有： Had better, Would/Will you please ? would rather, Do nothing but, Why not? might as well do等。 I would rather stay with you. 我宁愿与你呆在一起。Youd better take a bus to go there. 你最好乘公共汽车去那里。A pig do

23、es nothing but sleep and eat every day. 猪每天除了吃和睡什么也不干。Why not stay at home with your grandma? 你为什么不和你奶奶一起待在家里？ 知识点6：总结不定式用作状语时有哪些重点结构(1) “too + adj. /adv. + to do”结构表示“太而不能 ”，常和“sothat”及“notenough to do sth.” 互换。The girl is too young to go to school. 这女孩太小，还不能上学。= The girl is so young that she cant

24、go to school. =The girl is not old enough to go to school. (2) in order to do sth./so as to do sth. 短语常用作状语，表示“为了“In order to achieve my dream, I must study hard. 为实现梦想，我必须努力学习。(3) so + adj./adv. + to (如此以至于)结构。Youre so kind to tell me the truth. 你真好，告诉了我真话。二、专题知识用法详解-非谓语动词之动名词doing 知识点1：动名词作主语动名词做主

25、语时，将事件名词化，谓语用单数。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看书对你眼睛有害。知识点2：动名词作宾语(1)接动名词的常用动词： consider, suggest, like, enjoy, miss(错过), admit, have fun(玩得高兴), be busy, cant help, give up, finish等。He is considering going to America for further study. 他正在考虑明年去美国深造。(2)接动名词的易错介词短语：look forward to, pay atte

26、ntion to, make a contribution to, be/get used to, be addicted to, be devoted to, have difficulty/trouble (in), spend/waste time (in)等We all looked forward to seeing Professor Wang himself. 我们都渴望看到王教授本人。We must make a contribution to protecting our environment. 我们必须为保护环境做出贡献。(3) feel like doing sth.

27、keep /leave sb. doing sthHe is ill and feels like eating nothing. 他生病了，什么也不想吃。You kept me waiting for you for two hours. 你让我等了你两个小时。(4) What/ How about doing? 用于提出建议，意思是“怎么样”。-How about searching the forest, Shrek?-Good idea.知识点3：“go + V-ing”结构(1) “go + V-ing”相当于go to do sth., 表示从事运动、消遣或娱乐活动，如：go sh

28、opping, go dancing去跳舞，go swimming去游泳， go skating 去滑冰，go hunting去打猎， go walking去散步，go hiking去徒步，go boating，go fishing.(2) go + n. + doing = go to do + n. ,如：go mountain climbing = go to climb mountains 去爬山， go bike riding = go to ride a bike 去骑车兜风知识点4：区分既可加to do 又可加doing的动词所表达的意思remember to do “记住去做某

29、事”，表示还未做某事. remember doing “记住曾做过某事”，表示事情已做过.记得离开房间时把灯关了。Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room.我记得把书还给你了。I remember giving your book back.forget to do “忘记去做某事” forget doing “忘记做过某事”别忘了离开时关灯。Dont forget to turn off the light when you leave.我忘记已经把信发了。I forgot posting this letter.stop

30、to do stop doing 他们停下来听，但是什么也没有。They stopped to listen, but there was nothing.老师走进教室时，学生们停止了吵闹。When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped making noise. try to do sth “努力（试图）做某事”， 含无法完成之意try doing sth. “试着做某事”， 表示试验某种做法是否行得通，或看其效果如何他试图爬上那棵树，但不成。He tried to climb up the tree, but he could not. 他试着在锁里转了下钥匙，门被打开了。He tried turning his key in the lock and the door was opene