1、 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity car
2、d, or a digital credential 7 to a specific puter .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those sy
3、stems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among panies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create
4、 a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 munity.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can plete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the id
5、entities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a pulsory Internet “drives license” mentalit
6、y.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some puter security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers mus
7、t be licensed to drive on public roads.1A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless4A.reasonB.reminderC.promiseD.proposal 5 A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent 6A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.pared8A.d
8、ismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize10A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered11A.carry onB.linger onC.set inD.log in12A.In vainB.In effectC.In returnD.In contrast13A.trustedB.modernizedc.thrivingD.peting14A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience15A.onB.afterC.beyon
9、dD.across16A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united17A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually18A.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible20A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forced参考答案:15 ACBDD 610 BACCB 1115 DBACA 1620 ADACDSection I
10、I Reading prehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president
11、of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans pensation mittee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the nex
12、t year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagre
13、e with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directo
14、rs between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise
15、departure, the probability that the pany will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlati
16、on between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have
17、 an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwi
18、se outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .Againing excessive profitsBfailing to fulfill her dutyCrefusing to make promisesDleaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2
19、that outside directors are supposed to beAgenerous investorsBunbiased executivesCshare price forecastersDindependent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely toAbee more stableBreport increased earningsCdo less we
20、ll in the stock marketDperform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directorsAmay stay for the attractive offers from the firmBhave often had records of wrongdoings in the firmCare accustomed to stress-free work in the firmDwill decline incentives from the fir
21、m25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors isApermissiveBpositiveCscornfulDcritical 参考答案21A。细节题:原文第1段,倒数第3行的how could?直接提到了bonus payouts 就是说 profits。22C。原文中出现outside directors有几处,helpful but less biased advisor,但是B选项用的是executive, 拼凑答案,D 选项也是一样。最后一句 weathered their own crises对应for
22、ecasters。23C。原文是若干个并列,stock is likely to perform worse对应答案, 迷惑选项是B,但是主语不一致20%是probability不是earnings。24A。推理题:原文对应firms who want to .说想留住outside director就是增加incentive。25B。态度题:文章各个段落都说outside director的方面。因此是positive。Text 2 Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The
23、 recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. Americas Federal Trade mission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they bee charitable corpor
24、ations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled e of the glob
25、al industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsr
26、oom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are being more balanced bu
27、sinesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the propor
28、tion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business rep
29、orters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less plete as a result. But pleteness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers like their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaperAneglected the sign of crisisBfailed to get state subsidiesCwere not charitable corporationsDwere in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably becauseAreaders threatened to pay less
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