公共英语四级真题.docx

1、09月公共英语四级真题一、ReadingComprehension（共20小题,共20.0分）Read the following three textsAnswer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D第1题Paul Johnsons A History Of The American People is what we have come to expect from this productive writerclear, colorful narrative, vivid character sketches, marv

2、elous research, sweeping, confident statements, and an insistent conservative viewpoint which tempts him into seriousomissions. He will not conceal his opinions, he tellsus.Good. Then we can judge his history free of pretences to objectivityhis orours. Almost at start, we notice somethinginteresting

3、: Johnson passes quickly over a defining moment in American historythe Columbus storyimportant because it is the first lesson every American schoolchildlearns. How you treat that storywhat you choose to tell of itsignals your view of the longer American experience, reaching to ourtime. In school tex

4、tbooks, Columbus has always been presented as ahero. Only recently has a new set of factsalways available but ignoredbegun to get into publicattention: that Columbus, on landing, and desperate for gold, encountered native Americans who were peaceful and generous （by his own admission） and tortured t

5、hem, kidnapped them, enslaved them, murderedthem. Johnson, who goes into much detail about other matters （like Ronald Reagans jokes） is silent onthis. Among his numerous references there is none to Bartolome de las Casas, an eyewitness, who described in detail the horrifying evils committed by Colum

6、bus and his fellowmen against the Indians, which resulted in the native population of Hispaniola being wiped outgenocide is an appropriate termby the year1550. I suggest this is not an innocentomission. Johnson wants us to look positively on the history of the UnitedStates. Yes, he says, there were

7、severe wrongscommitted in the dispossession of a native peopleand in the institution ofslavery. But has the US, he asks at the start of his book, made up for its organic sins?His whole book suggests that it has, and that in doing so it has become （he says at the end） a human achievement without para

8、llel., the first, best hope for the human race . Since Johnson has decided that the US is the first, best hope for the human race, he has shaped its historyaccordingly. If we prefer to see that history as a complex and unfinished struggle of Americans for justice, against militarism, for economic, r

9、acial and sexual equality, we are badly served by a flattering admiration of those in power, pretending to be a history of the people.The first paragraph shows that the authors opinion of the book A History Of The American People is Acritical. Bobjective. Cdefensive. Dadmiring.【正确答案】 ：B 【本题分数】：1.0分【

10、答案解析】该题为细节题。根据第一段最后一句“Then we can judge his history free of pretences to objectivity-his orours.”可知，如此，我们便可判断他的抑或是我们的历史描述脱离了伪装，而变得非常客观。由此可以看出美国人民的历史一书的作者保罗约翰逊对待历史的观点是客观的，故选B。第2题The way people have been treating Columbus story indicates their view of A the American schooleducation. B great heroes in

11、Americanhistory. C the development of Americanhistory. D the American society atpresent.【正确答案】 ：C 【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】该题为细节题。根据第二段最后一句“How you treat that story-what you choose to tell of it-signals your view of the longer American experience，reaching to ourtime.”可知，你会怎样对待那段历史你选择讲述什么表明了你对美国迄今为止所经历的漫长历史的

12、观点态度，即人们对待美国历史发展的态度，故选C。第3题The book makes no reference to Bartolome de las Casas probably because Paul Johnson A is a writer fond ofomissions. B isnt tempted to makereferences. C bears an inborn hatred for horrifyingevils. D doesnt want to see the image of the USstained.【正确答案】 ：D 【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】该题

13、为细节题。根据第四段第一、二句“I suggest this is not an innocentomission. Johnson wants us to look positively on the history of the United States”可知，作者认为这并不单纯是一个疏忽，约翰逊想要我们积极地看待这段美国历史。由此可以推断出保罗，约翰逊想维护美国的形象，不想让美国的形象受到玷污，故选D。第4题The word genocide（Line 8, Paragraph 3） most probably means A killing of people of a partic

14、ularrace. B driving-out of nativeinhabitants. C extinction of a wholegeneration. D assimilation of ethnicgroups.【正确答案】 ：A 【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】该题为猜测词义题。根据第三段的最后一句“Among his numerous references there iswhich resulted in the native population of Hispaniola being wiped out genocide is an appropriate term.”

15、可知，当时哥伦布犯下的可怕罪行以及哥伦布的随从针对印第安人从而将伊斯帕尼奥拉岛的土著居民全部消灭，即整个种族的灭绝，故选A。第5题The author would agree with the statement that the US A has compensated the natives for their earliersufferings. B has never committed serious evils to the natives inhistory. C has not undone the wrongs committed inhistory. D has becom

16、e the best hope for the humanrace.【正确答案】 ：C 【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】该题为推断题。根据第四段最后一句“His whole book suggests that it has, and that in doing so it has become（he says at the end）a human achievement without parallel. the first, best hope for the humanrace.”以及最后一段最后一句“If we prefer to see thathistory.we are bad

17、ly served by a flattering admiration of those in power，pretending to be a history of the people”可知，约翰逊的整本书都在暗示人们，美国已经弥补了那些错误，而且在此过程中它已经成为（他在最后说到） “一个无与伦比的人类成就第一个人类最美好的希望”。然而本文作者却认为，如果我们更喜欢把历史看做是美国人为了争取正义公平对抗军国主义，争取经济、种族和性别平等而进行的复杂而又未尽的奋斗，那么很不幸，我们被当权者所控制的政府阿谀欺骗着，而它又偏偏假装这是在创造“人民的历史”。由此可推断出作者认为美国还没有弥补他

18、们所犯卞的历史错误，故选C。第6题In the 21st century theres no doubt that frightening new infectious diseases willappear. Today new viruses are coming out of nature and discoveringthe humanspecies. Just since 1994, at least 30 new viruses haveappeared. Viruses are moving into the human species because there are mor

19、e of us all thetime. From a virus point of view, we look like a free lunch thats gettingbigger. In nature viral diseases tend to break out when populations increase rapidly and become denselypacked. Then many deaths occur and the populationdrops. This is natures population-controlmechanism. There is

20、 no reason to think the human race is free from the laws ofnature. Giving these laws an extra push will be the rise of megacitieshuge densely packed cities in less developednations. A United Nations study predicts that by the year 2015, there will be 26 extremely big cities on theplanet. By then, so

21、me megacities could have 30 million or morepeople. That is approximately the total population ofCalifornia. Imagine all thepeople in California crowded together tightly into one vastcity. Then remove most doctors and medical care, take away basic sanitation and hygiene, and you have a biological tim

22、e bomb. Now make eight or ten such bombsand plant them around theworld. Also consider the biological weapons the world will be capable of producing in thefuture. The 20th century saw the creation of great and terrible weapons based on the principles of nuclearphysics. The 21st century will see great

23、 and terrible weapons based on the knowledge of DNA and the geneticcode. As biotechnology becomes more sophisticated and powerful, biologists will learn how to mix genes of different microbes to create unnatural strains that can be turned into deadly, effectiveweapons. Biological weapons are a disgr

24、ace tobiology. Most biologists havent wanted to talk or even think aboutthem. The physicists lost their innocence when the first nuclear bomb went off in1945. The biologists will lose their innocence when the first biological weapon spreads through the humanspecies. Yet the 20th century survived des

25、pite the existence of the nuclearbomb. There was great economic and scientific progress and much humanhappiness. The same can be true in the nextcentury. We may not completely win the 21st century microbe war, but I am confident that we wont loseit. Infectious diseases are more likely to occur where

26、 A different human races are mixed inliving. B many people live in crowdedcommunities. C population drops due to natures controlmechanism. D new viruses appear for the firsttime.【正确答案】 ：B 【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】该题为细节题。根据第二段第一句“Viruses are moving into the human species because there are more of us all thet

27、ime.”可知，病毒向人类移居是因为我们的人数一直都太多。由此可推断出传染病容易发生的地方可能是有很多人居住的拥挤社区，故选B。第7题It can be seen from the text that the author views extremely large cities as a（n）A possible control mechanism of thenature. B terrible burden in terms of public sanitation andhygiene. C potential biological threat to humanhealth. D i

28、nevitable outcome of the law ofnature.【正确答案】 ：C 【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】该题为推断题。根据第三段第一句“Giving these laws an extra push will be the rise of megacities-huge densely packed cities in less developednations.”可知，对这些自然规律的额外推动力便是大城市的崛起在欠发达地区发展起来的大型而又人口密集的城市。由此可推断出大城市更容易使得病毒产生，也就是作者认为在大城市中会有对于人类健康而言的潜在的病毒威胁，故选C。第8

29、题The author implies in the text that A weapons now fall into quite differentcategories. B biological war may break out anytime. C most scientists are against nuclearweapons. D science is liable to be used to create greatevils.【正确答案】 ：D 【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】该题为推断题。根据第五段第三句和第四句“The physicists lost their i

30、nnocence when the first nuclear bomb went off in1945. The biologists will lose their innocence when the first biological weapon spreads through the humanspecies.”可知，当1945年第一个核炸弹爆炸的时候，物理学家失去了他们的清白。而当第一个生化武器传播于人类的时候，生物学家也会失去他们的清白，由此可推断出科学可能会使人们创造出巨大的罪恶，D项符合文意；A、B、C三项内容在文中均没有明确体现，故选D。第9题As to the solut

31、ion of the problems in the future, the author appears to be A somewhatdoubtful. B muchskeptical. C moderatelyoptimistic. D extremelydesperate.【正确答案】 ：C 【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】该题为观点态度题。根据最后一段的最后一句“We may not completely win the 21st century microbe war, but I am confident that we wont lose it”可知，作者认为我们也许不会完全赢得21世纪的细菌战争，但他坚信我们并不会失败。可见作者