公共英语四级真题.docx
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09月公共英语四级真题
一、ReadingComprehension（共20小题,共20.0分）Readthefollowingthreetexts．AnswerthequestionsoneachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD．第1题PaulJohnson'sAHistoryOfTheAmericanPeopleiswhatwehavecometoexpectfromthisproductivewriter—clear,colorfulnarrative,vividcharactersketches,marvelousresearch,sweeping,confidentstatements,andaninsistentconservativeviewpointwhichtemptshimintoserious
omissions.Hewillnotconcealhisopinions,hetells
us.
Good.Thenwecanjudgehishistoryfreeofpretencestoobjectivity—hisor
ours.Almostatstart,wenoticesomething
interesting:
JohnsonpassesquicklyoveradefiningmomentinAmericanhistory—theColumbusstory—importantbecauseitisthefirstlessoneveryAmericanschoolchild
learns.Howyoutreatthatstory—whatyouchoosetotellofit—signalsyourviewofthelongerAmericanexperience,reachingtoour
time.Inschooltextbooks,Columbushasalwaysbeenpresentedasa
hero.Onlyrecentlyhasanewsetoffacts—alwaysavailablebutignored—beguntogetintopublic
attention:
thatColumbus,onlanding,anddesperateforgold,encounterednativeAmericanswhowerepeacefulandgenerous（byhisownadmission）andtorturedthem,kidnappedthem,enslavedthem,murdered
them.Johnson,whogoesintomuchdetailaboutothermatters（likeRonaldReagan'sjokes）issilenton
this.AmonghisnumerousreferencesthereisnonetoBartolomedelasCasas,aneyewitness,whodescribedindetailthehorrifyingevilscommittedbyColumbusandhisfellowmenagainsttheIndians,whichresultedinthenativepopulationofHispaniolabeingwipedout—genocideisanappropriateterm—bytheyear
1550.Isuggestthisisnotaninnocent
omission.JohnsonwantsustolookpositivelyonthehistoryoftheUnited
States.Yes,hesays,therewere"severewrongs"
committedin"thedispossessionofanativepeople"
andintheinstitutionof
slavery.ButhastheUS,heasksatthestartofhisbook,"madeupforitsorganicsins"?
Hiswholebooksuggeststhatithas,andthatindoingsoithasbecome（hesaysattheend）"ahumanachievementwithoutparallel..,thefirst,besthopeforthehumanrace.SinceJohnsonhasdecidedthattheUSis"thefirst,besthopeforthehumanrace",hehasshapeditshistory
accordingly.IfweprefertoseethathistoryasacomplexandunfinishedstruggleofAmericansforjustice,againstmilitarism,foreconomic,racialandsexualequality,wearebadlyservedbyaflatteringadmirationofthoseinpower,pretendingtobeahistoryof"thepeople".
Thefirstparagraphshowsthattheauthor'sopinionofthebookAHistoryOfTheAmericanPeopleisA
critical.B
objective.C
defensive.D
admiring.
【正确答案】：
B
【本题分数】：
1.0分
【答案解析】
该题为细节题。
根据第一段最后一句“Thenwecanjudgehishistoryfreeofpretencestoobjectivity-hisor
ours.”可知，如此，我们便可判断他的抑或是我们的历史描述脱离了伪装，而变得非常客观。
由此可以看出《美国人民的历史》一书的作者保罗·约翰逊对待历史的观点是客观的，故选B。
第2题ThewaypeoplehavebeentreatingColumbusstoryindicatestheirviewofAtheAmericanschool
education.BgreatheroesinAmerican
history.CthedevelopmentofAmerican
history.DtheAmericansocietyat
present.
【正确答案】：
C
【本题分数】：
1.0分
【答案解析】
该题为细节题。
根据第二段最后一句“Howyoutreatthatstory-whatyouchoosetotellofit-signalsyourviewofthelongerAmericanexperience，reachingtoour
time.”可知，你会怎样对待那段历史——你选择讲述什么——表明了你对美国迄今为止所经历的漫长历史的观点态度，即人们对待美国历史发展的态度，故选C。
第3题
ThebookmakesnoreferencetoBartolomedelasCasasprobablybecausePaulJohnsonAisawriterfondof
omissions.Bisn'ttemptedtomake
references.Cbearsaninbornhatredforhorrifying
evils.Ddoesn'twanttoseetheimageoftheUS
stained.
【正确答案】：
D
【本题分数】：
1.0分
【答案解析】
该题为细节题。
根据第四段第一、二句“Isuggestthisisnotaninnocent
omission.JohnsonwantsustolookpositivelyonthehistoryoftheUnitedStates．”可知，作者认为这并不单纯是一个疏忽，约翰逊想要我们积极地看待这段美国历史。
由此可以推断出保罗，约翰逊想维护美国的形象，不想让美国的形象受到玷污，故选D。
第4题Theword"genocide"
（Line8,Paragraph3）mostprobablymeansAkillingofpeopleofaparticular
race.Bdriving-outofnative
inhabitants.Cextinctionofawhole
generation.Dassimilationofethnic
groups.
【正确答案】：
A
【本题分数】：
1.0分
【答案解析】
该题为猜测词义题。
根据第三段的最后一句“Amonghisnumerousreferencesthereis…whichresultedinthenativepopulationofHispaniolabeingwipedoutgenocideisanappropriateterm...”可知，当时哥伦布犯下的可怕罪行以及哥伦布的随从针对印第安人从而将伊斯帕尼奥拉岛的土著居民全部消灭，即整个种族的灭绝，故选A。
第5题
TheauthorwouldagreewiththestatementthattheUSAhascompensatedthenativesfortheirearlier
sufferings.Bhasnevercommittedseriousevilstothenativesin
history.Chasnotundonethewrongscommittedin
history.Dhasbecomethebesthopeforthehuman
race.
【正确答案】：
C
【本题分数】：
1.0分
【答案解析】
该题为推断题。
根据第四段最后一句“Hiswholebooksuggeststhatithas,andthatindoingsoithasbecome（hesaysattheend）"ahumanachievementwithoutparallel...thefirst,besthopeforthehuman
race.”以及最后一段最后一句“Ifweprefertoseethat
history.…wearebadlyservedbyaflatteringadmirationofthoseinpower，pretendingtobeahistoryof'thepeople'”可知，约翰逊的整本书都在暗示人们，美国已经弥补了那些错误，而且在此过程中它已经成为（他在最后说到）“一个无与伦比的人类成就…第一个人类最美好的希望”。
然而本文作者却认为，如果我们更喜欢把历史看做是美国人为了争取正义公平对抗军国主义，争取经济、种族和性别平等而进行的复杂而又未尽的奋斗，那么很不幸，我们被当权者所控制的政府阿谀欺骗着，而它又偏偏假装这是在创造“人民的历史”。
由此可推断出作者认为美国还没有弥补他们所犯卞的历史错误，故选C。
第6题Inthe21stcenturythere'snodoubtthatfrighteningnewinfectiousdiseaseswill
appear.Todaynewvirusesarecomingoutofnatureand"discovering"
thehuman
species.Justsince1994,atleast30newviruseshave
appeared.Virusesaremovingintothehumanspeciesbecausetherearemoreofusallthe
time.Fromavirus'pointofview,welooklikeafreelunchthat'sgetting
bigger.Innatureviraldiseasestendtobreakoutwhenpopulationsincreaserapidlyandbecomedensely
packed.Thenmanydeathsoccurandthepopulation
drops.Thisisnature'spopulation-control
mechanism.Thereisnoreasontothinkthehumanraceisfreefromthelawsof
nature.Givingtheselawsanextrapushwillbetheriseofmegacities—hugedenselypackedcitiesinlessdeveloped
nations.AUnitedNationsstudypredictsthatbytheyear2015,therewillbe26extremelybigcitiesonthe
planet.Bythen,somemegacitiescouldhave30millionormore
people.Thatisapproximatelythetotalpopulationof
California.Imagineallthe
peopleinCaliforniacrowdedtogethertightlyintoonevast
city.Thenremovemostdoctorsandmedicalcare,takeawaybasicsanitationandhygiene,andyouhaveabiological"timebomb".Nowmakeeightortensuch"bombs"
andplantthemaroundthe
world.Alsoconsiderthebiologicalweaponstheworldwillbecapableofproducinginthe
future.The20thcenturysawthecreationofgreatandterribleweaponsbasedontheprinciplesofnuclear
physics.The21stcenturywillseegreatandterribleweaponsbasedontheknowledgeofDNAandthegenetic
code.Asbiotechnologybecomesmoresophisticatedandpowerful,biologistswilllearnhowtomixgenesofdifferentmicrobestocreateunnaturalstrainsthatcanbeturnedintodeadly,effective
weapons.Biologicalweaponsareadisgraceto
biology.Mostbiologistshaven'twantedtotalkoreventhinkabout
them.Thephysicistslosttheirinnocencewhenthefirstnuclearbombwentoffin
1945.Thebiologistswilllosetheirinnocencewhenthefirstbiologicalweaponspreadsthroughthehuman
species.Yetthe20thcenturysurviveddespitetheexistenceofthenuclear
bomb.Therewasgreateconomicandscientificprogressandmuchhuman
happiness.Thesamecanbetrueinthenext
century.Wemaynotcompletelywinthe21stcenturymicrobewar,butIamconfidentthatwewon'tlose
it.InfectiousdiseasesaremorelikelytooccurwhereAdifferenthumanracesaremixedin
living.Bmanypeopleliveincrowded
communities.Cpopulationdropsduetonature'scontrol
mechanism.Dnewvirusesappearforthefirst
time.
【正确答案】：
B
【本题分数】：
1.0分
【答案解析】
该题为细节题。
根据第二段第一句“Virusesaremovingintothehumanspeciesbecausetherearemoreofusallthe
time.”可知，病毒向人类移居是因为我们的人数一直都太多。
由此可推断出传染病容易发生的地方可能是有很多人居住的拥挤社区，故选B。
第7题Itcanbeseenfromthetextthattheauthorviewsextremelylargecitiesasa（n）
Apossiblecontrolmechanismofthe
nature.Bterribleburdenintermsofpublicsanitationand
hygiene.Cpotentialbiologicalthreattohuman
health.Dinevitableoutcomeofthelawof
nature.
【正确答案】：
C
【本题分数】：
1.0分
【答案解析】
该题为推断题。
根据第三段第一句“Givingtheselawsanextrapushwillbetheriseofmegacities-hugedenselypackedcitiesinlessdeveloped
nations.”可知，对这些自然规律的额外推动力便是大城市的崛起——在欠发达地区发展起来的大型而又人口密集的城市。
由此可推断出大城市更容易使得病毒产生，也就是作者认为在大城市中会有对于人类健康而言的潜在的病毒威胁，故选C。
第8题TheauthorimpliesinthetextthatAweaponsnowfallintoquitedifferent
categories.Bbiologicalwarmaybreakoutany
time.Cmostscientistsareagainstnuclear
weapons.Dscienceisliabletobeusedtocreategreat
evils.
【正确答案】：
D
【本题分数】：
1.0分
【答案解析】
该题为推断题。
根据第五段第三句和第四句“Thephysicistslosttheirinnocencewhenthefirstnuclearbombwentoffin
1945.Thebiologistswilllosetheirinnocencewhenthefirstbiologicalweaponspreadsthroughthehuman
species.”可知，当1945年第一个核炸弹爆炸的时候，物理学家失去了他们的清白。
而当第一个生化武器传播于人类的时候，生物学家也会失去他们的清白，由此可推断出科学可能会使人们创造出巨大的罪恶，D项符合文意；
A、B、C三项内容在文中均没有明确体现，故选D。
第9题
Astothesolutionoftheproblemsinthefuture,theauthorappearstobeAsomewhat
doubtful.Bmuch
skeptical.Cmoderately
optimistic.Dextremely
desperate.
【正确答案】：
C
【本题分数】：
1.0分
【答案解析】
该题为观点态度题。
根据最后一段的最后一句“Wemaynotcompletelywinthe21stcenturymicrobewar,butIamconfidentthatwewon'tloseit．”可知，作者认为我们也许不会完全赢得21世纪的细菌战争，但他坚信我们并不会失败。
可见作者
升级会员 