全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文1Word文档格式.docx

1、 Once we have learned something, additional learning trials（尝试）increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of

2、words such as and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood

3、.The law of overleaming explains why cramming（突击学习）for an examination. though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everythin

4、g he learned. A little overlearning. on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D. St

5、ories for children are easy to remember.68.The author explains the law of overlearning by_.A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rules C. making a comparison D. using examples69. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_.A. a result of overlearning B. a s

6、pecial case of cramming C. a skill to deal with math problems D. a basic step towards advanced studies70. What is the authors opinion on cramming? A. It leads to failure in college exams. B. Its helpful only in a limited way. C. Its possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students learnin

7、g interest.2.【2012全国II】 （C）Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture （文化） the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as t

8、he smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion （困惑） across cultures. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in

9、 public places （although this is less common in big cities）. Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians dont smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad stor

10、y but end the story with a smile.Our faces show emotions （情感）, but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that the

11、y do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotion

12、s similarly.It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people

13、whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.49. What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.? A. Love. B. Politeness. C. Joy. D. Thankfulness.50. The author mentions the smile of the

14、Vietnamese to prove that smile can _ . A. show friendliness to strangers B. be used to hide true feelings C. be used in the wrong places D. show personal habits51. What should we do before attempting to “read” people? A. Learn about their relations with others. B. Understand their cultural backgroun

15、ds. C. Find out about their past experience. D. Figure out what they will do next. 52. What would be the best title for the test? A. Cultural Differences B. Smiles and Relationship C. Facial Expressiveness D. Habits and Emotions3.【2012陕西卷】DSpring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate

16、 to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos （纹身）nose rings,

17、 or certain dress styles. It is true you cant judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey （传递）certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances so

18、 do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about t

19、he personal appearances of their employees （雇员）,because those people represent the companies to their customers.As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone

20、who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I cant expect all our customers are.There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply cause he or she is unwillin

21、g to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.57. Which of the following is the newspaper editor opinion according to Paragraph 2?A. Peoples appearances carry messages about themselves.B. Customers choices influence dress standards in companies.C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rin

22、gs should be fairly treated.D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.58. What can be inferred from the text?A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.B. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.C. Companies sometimes have to chang

23、e to respect their candidates.D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.59. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Employees Matter B. Personal Choices MatterC. Appearances Matter D. Hiring Managers Matter【2012浙江卷】CTwo friends have an argument that bleak

24、s up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children

25、 and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence. Given that this is the case, why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that

26、 conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult （侮辱）. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.

27、Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isnt in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution （解决） stay calm. Once the

28、 student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fir On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After bot

29、h sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution; listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatenin

30、g questions to clarify the speakers position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need f. consider what they are hearing. This doesnt mean trying to figure out whats wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to