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1、A stock image of China is a fisherman and his cormorant on a placid lakeThe reality is differentThe country uses 600 billion cubic meters（21 200 billion cubic feet）of water a year，or about 400 cubic meters a personone quarter of what the average American uses and less than half the international def

2、inition of water stressThe national average hides an even more alarming regional disparityFour fifths of Chinas water is in the south，notably the Yangzi river basinHalf the people and two thirds of the farmland are in the north，including the Yellow River basinBeijing has the sort of water scarcity u

3、sually associated with Saudi Arabia：just 100 cubic meters per person a yearThe water table under the capital has dropped by 300 meters（nearly 1 000 feet）since the 1970sChina is using up water at an unsustainable rateThanks to overuse，rivers simply disappearThe number of rivers with significant catch

4、ment areas has fallen from more than 50 000 in the 1950s to 23 000 nowAs if that were not bad enough，China is polluting what little water it has leftThe Yellow River is often called the cradle of Chinese civilizationIn 2007 the Yellow River Conservancy Commission，a government agency，surveyed 13 000

5、kilometers（8 000 miles）of the river and its tributaries and concluded that a third of the water is unfit even for agricultureFour thousand petrochemical plants are built on its banksThe water available for use is thus atrociousSong Lanhe，chief engineer for urban water quality monitoring at the housi

6、ng ministry，says only half the water sources in cities are safe to drinkMore than half the groundwater in the north China plain，according to the land ministry，cannot be used for industry，while seven tenths is unfit for human contact，even for washingIn late 2012 the Chinese media claimed that 300 cor

7、pse s were found floating in the Yellow River near Lanzhou，the latest of roughly 10 000 victimsmost of them（according to the local police）suicideswhose bodies have been washing downstream since the 1960sIn 2009 the World Bank put the overall cost of Chinas water crisis at 2.3 of GDP，mostly reflectin

8、g damage to healthWater shortages also imperil plans to expand energy production，threatening economic growthChina is hoping to follow America into a shale gas revolutionBut each shale gas well needs 15 000 tones of water a year to runChina is also planning to build around 450 new coal fired power st

9、ations，burning 1.2 billion tones of coal a yearThe stations have to be cooled by water and the coal has to be washedThe grand total is 9 billion tones of waterChina does not have that much availableAccording to the World Resources Institute，a think tank in Washington，DC，half the new coal fired plant

10、s are to be built in areas of high or extremely high water stressThe best answer would be to improve the efficiency with which water is usedOnly about 40 of water used in industry is recycled，half as much as in EuropeThe rest is dumped in rivers and lakesWang Zhansheng of Tsinghua University argues

11、that China is neglecting its urban water infrastructure（sewerage，pipes and water treatment plants），leading to more wasteWater prices in most cities are only about a tenth of the level in big European cities，yet the government is reluctant to raise them，for fear of a popular backlashThe result is tha

12、t Chinas“water productivity”is lowFor each cubic meter of water used，China gets $8-worth of outputThe average for European countries is $58 per cubic meterOf course，these countries are richer，but they are not seven times richerRather than making sensible and eminent ly doablereforms in pricing and w

13、ater conservation，China is focusing on increasing suppliesFor decades the country has been ruled by engineers，many of them hydraulic engineersThe best known such project is the Three Gorges dam on the YangziBut this year an even vaster project is due to startCalled the South North Water Diversion Pr

14、oject，it will link the Yangzi with the Yellow River，taking water from the humid south to the parched northWhen finished，3 000km of tunnels and canals will have been drilled through mountains，across plains and under riversThe project links Chinas two great rivers through three new channelsThe eastern

15、，or downstream one is due to open by the end of this yearIt would pump 14.8 billion cubic meters along 1 160km of canals，using in part a 1 500-year old waterway，the Grand CanalThe water pumped so far has been so polluted that a third of the cost has gone on water treatmentA midstream link，with 1 300

16、km of new canals，is supposed to open by October 2014That is also when work on the most ambitious and controversial link，the upstream one across the fragile Himalayan plateau，is due to beginEventually the South North project is intended to deliver 45 billion cubic meters of water a year and to cost a

17、 total of 486 billion yuan（$79.4 billion）It would be cheaper to desalinate the equivalent amount of seawaterThe Yangzi river is already seriously pollutedChen Jiyu of the Chinese Academy of Engineering told South Weekly，a magazine，in 2012 that the project so far has reduced the quantity of plankton

18、in the Yangzi by over two thirds and the number of benthic organisms（those living on the river bottom）by halfAnd that was before it even openedMa Jun，Chinas best known environmental activist，says the governments predilection for giant engineering projects only makes matters worse，“causing us to hit

19、the limits of our water resources”But the biggest damage could be politicalProposed dams on the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra，Mekong and other rivers are bound to have an impact on downstream countries，including India，Bangladesh and VietnamThe Chinese say they would take only 1 of the run off fro

20、m the giant BrahmaputraAnd all this would increase Chinas water supplies by a mere 7The water crisis is driving China to desperate but ultimately unhelpful measures提纲挈领文章主要分析中国的水资源危机。环境专家们一致认为，中国最大的问题是水资源问题：中国水资源极度匮乏，人均占有量不到国际用水紧张线的一半；同时，水污染相当严重；并且，中国的水资源分布不均，南北差异很大。由于沿用水资源，中国河流的数量近年来也在减少。水资源问题将会危及能

21、源生产，因为燃气、燃煤都需要水来运转。中国试图通过扩大供应来解决水源短缺问题，并开展了三峡大坝南水北调等一系列工程项目。文章指出，中国水资源利用率很低，因此治本之策是提高水资源利用率。障碍词汇catchmentktm（）ntn流域；集水【搭配】 catchment areas集水区【例句】 At the same time，increasingly erratic rainfall patterns and the destruction of key water catchment areas have affected hydroelectricity output与此同时，越来越没规律的

22、降雨和几个主要水库的枯竭已经影响了水力发电的产能。atrocioustrusa凶恶的，残暴的【搭配】 atrocious deed恶行【例句】 I was devastated by the atrocious bornbings that struck hondon today对于今天在伦敦发生的残忍的爆炸事件我感到非常震惊。shaleeiln岩 页岩；泥板岩【搭配】 shale gas页岩气【例句】 We can extract oil from shale我们可以从页岩中提取石油。eminenteminnta杰出的；有名的；明显的【搭配】 eminent position显要位置【例句】

23、 During his time out of the spotlight，no action star has emerged to challenge the eminent position Schwarzenegger won in the 1980s and 1990s身为世界顶级动作巨星，施瓦辛格在20世纪八九十年代取得的辉煌地位至今无人能敌。cormorantkm（）r（）ntn鸟类鸬鹚tributarytribjut（）rin支流corpsekpsn尸体seweragesuridn污水；排水设备doabledub（）la可做的hydraulichaidrlika水力的；水力学的

24、parchedptta焦的；炎热的planktonplktnn浮游生物（总称）benthicbenika水底的；深海底的难句翻译Water prices in most cities are only about a tenth of the level in big European cities，yet the government is reluctant to raise them，for fear of a popular backlash译文 ：中国大部分城市的水费仅为欧洲大城市的十分之一，而政府则由于担心民众的强烈反对而不愿涨价。Rather than making sensib

25、le and eminently doable reforms in pricing and water conservation，China is focusing on increasing supplies相比在水价调整和水资源保护上采取富有成效的改革措施，中国采取的主要方法则是增加供应量。Chen Jiyu of the Chinese Academy of Engineering told South Weekly，a magazine，in 2012 that the project so far has reduced the quantity of plankton in th

26、e Yangzi by over two thirds and the number of benthic organisms（those living on the river bottom）by half2012年，中国工程院院士陈吉余告诉南方周末记者，南水北调工程迄今已造成长江浮游生物数量减少超过2/3，底栖生物（生活在水底的生物）减少一半。文化背景小链接South North Water Diversion Project： 南水北调工程，是旨在缓解中国华北和西北地区水资源短缺的国家战略性工程，把中国汉江流域丰盈的水资源抽调一部分送到华北和西北地区，分东线、中线和西线三条调水线。东线工

27、程位于东部，因地势低需抽水送至华北地区。中线工程从汉水与其最大支流丹江交汇处的丹江口水库引水，自流供水给黄淮海平原大部分地区，20多座大中城市；西线工程在青藏高原上，由长江上游向黄河上游补水，还未开工建设。2014年12月12日，南水北调中线正式通水。北京南水北调中线一期工程12月27日通水，北京市民开始饮用长江水。2015年1月，北京市发改委表示，虽然南水北调来水价格提高了北京供水成本，但2015年北京不会对居民水价进行调整Thanks，MumGovernments Find Reason to Regulate the Names of Children谢谢妈妈政府有理由规范儿童的名字 L

28、ucifer，V8，Anal，Christ：these are among the baby names rejected by New Zealands department of internal affairs，who recently released a comprehensive list of those disallowed by registrars in the past ten yearsThough no name is banned outright，says Ross McPherson，the deputy registrar-general，some appli

29、cations were not even wordsDisappointed parents included those wishing to christen their offspring with numbers（89），letters（J，I，T）and punctuation marks（*）Few decisions are more personal than the naming of offspringYet laws regulating the choice of both first names and surnames are common around the

30、worldDenmark expects new parents to choose from a register of acceptable names；Portugal lists banned and approved onesIn Iceland a committee of language specialists must rule on any unusual nameGerman registrars prohibit the use of most nouns and place-names，and also frown upon any that do not clearly imply a gender：bad luck，KimExperts at a Ger