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AstockimageofChinaisafishermanandhiscormorantonaplacidlake．Therealityisdifferent．Thecountryuses600billioncubicmeters（21200billioncubicfeet）ofwaterayear，orabout400cubicmetersaperson—onequarterofwhattheaverageAmericanusesandlessthanhalftheinternationaldefinitionofwaterstress．
Thenationalaveragehidesanevenmorealarmingregionaldisparity．FourfifthsofChina'
swaterisinthesouth，notablytheYangziriverbasin．Halfthepeopleandtwothirdsofthefarmlandareinthenorth，includingtheYellowRiverbasin．BeijinghasthesortofwaterscarcityusuallyassociatedwithSaudiArabia：
just100cubicmetersperpersonayear．Thewatertableunderthecapitalhasdroppedby300meters（nearly1000feet）sincethe1970s．
Chinaisusingupwateratanunsustainablerate．Thankstooveruse，riverssimplydisappear．Thenumberofriverswithsignificantcatchmentareashasfallenfrommorethan50000inthe1950sto23000now．Asifthatwerenotbadenough，Chinaispollutingwhatlittlewaterithasleft．TheYellowRiverisoftencalledthecradleofChinesecivilization．In2007theYellowRiverConservancyCommission，agovernmentagency，surveyed13000kilometers（8000miles）oftheriveranditstributariesandconcludedthatathirdofthewaterisunfitevenforagriculture．Fourthousandpetrochemicalplantsarebuiltonitsbanks．
Thewateravailableforuseisthusatrocious．SongLanhe，chiefengineerforurbanwaterqualitymonitoringatthehousingministry，saysonlyhalfthewatersourcesincitiesaresafetodrink．MorethanhalfthegroundwaterinthenorthChinaplain，accordingtothelandministry，cannotbeusedforindustry，whilesevententhsisunfitforhumancontact，evenforwashing．Inlate2012theChinesemediaclaimedthat300corpseswerefoundfloatingintheYellowRivernearLanzhou，thelatestofroughly10000victims—mostofthem（accordingtothelocalpolice）suicides—whosebodieshavebeenwashingdownstreamsincethe1960s．
In2009theWorldBankputtheoverallcostofChina'
swatercrisisat2.3％ofGDP，mostlyreflectingdamagetohealth．Watershortagesalsoimperilplanstoexpandenergyproduction，threateningeconomicgrowth．ChinaishopingtofollowAmericaintoashalegasrevolution．Buteachshalegaswellneeds15000tonesofwaterayeartorun．Chinaisalsoplanningtobuildaround450newcoalfiredpowerstations，burning1.2billiontonesofcoalayear．Thestationshavetobecooledbywaterandthecoalhastobewashed．Thegrandtotalis9billiontonesofwater．Chinadoesnothavethatmuchavailable．AccordingtotheWorldResourcesInstitute，athinktankinWashington，DC，halfthenewcoalfiredplantsaretobebuiltinareasofhighorextremelyhighwaterstress．
Thebestanswerwouldbetoimprovetheefficiencywithwhichwaterisused．Onlyabout40％ofwaterusedinindustryisrecycled，halfasmuchasinEurope．Therestisdumpedinriversandlakes．WangZhanshengofTsinghuaUniversityarguesthatChinaisneglectingitsurbanwaterinfrastructure（sewerage，pipesandwatertreatmentplants），leadingtomorewaste．WaterpricesinmostcitiesareonlyaboutatenthofthelevelinbigEuropeancities，yetthegovernmentisreluctanttoraisethem，forfearofapopularbacklash．
TheresultisthatChina'
s“waterproductivity”islow．Foreachcubicmeterofwaterused，Chinagets$8-worthofoutput．TheaverageforEuropeancountriesis$58percubicmeter．Ofcourse，thesecountriesarericher，buttheyarenotseventimesricher．
Ratherthanmakingsensibleandeminentlydoablereformsinpricingandwaterconservation，Chinaisfocusingonincreasingsupplies．Fordecadesthecountryhasbeenruledbyengineers，manyofthemhydraulicengineers．
ThebestknownsuchprojectistheThreeGorgesdamontheYangzi．Butthisyearanevenvasterprojectisduetostart．CalledtheSouthNorthWaterDiversionProject，itwilllinktheYangziwiththeYellowRiver，takingwaterfromthehumidsouthtotheparchednorth．Whenfinished，3000kmoftunnelsandcanalswillhavebeendrilledthroughmountains，acrossplainsandunderrivers．
TheprojectlinksChina'
stwogreatriversthroughthreenewchannels．Theeastern，ordownstreamoneisduetoopenbytheendofthisyear．Itwouldpump14.8billioncubicmetersalong1160kmofcanals，usinginparta1500-yearoldwaterway，theGrandCanal．Thewaterpumpedsofarhasbeensopollutedthatathirdofthecosthasgoneonwatertreatment．Amidstreamlink，with1300kmofnewcanals，issupposedtoopenbyOctober2014．Thatisalsowhenworkonthemostambitiousandcontroversiallink，theupstreamoneacrossthefragileHimalayanplateau，isduetobegin．EventuallytheSouthNorthprojectisintendedtodeliver45billioncubicmetersofwaterayearandtocostatotalof486billionyuan（$79.4billion）．Itwouldbecheapertodesalinatetheequivalentamountofseawater．
TheYangziriverisalreadyseriouslypolluted．ChenJiyuoftheChineseAcademyofEngineeringtoldSouthWeekly，amagazine，in2012thattheprojectsofarhasreducedthequantityofplanktonintheYangzibyovertwothirdsandthenumberofbenthicorganisms（thoselivingontheriverbottom）byhalf．Andthatwasbeforeitevenopened．MaJun，China'
sbestknownenvironmentalactivist，saysthegovernment'
spredilectionforgiantengineeringprojectsonlymakesmattersworse，“causingustohitthelimitsofourwaterresources”．
Butthebiggestdamagecouldbepolitical．ProposeddamsontheupperreachesoftheBrahmaputra，Mekongandotherriversareboundtohaveanimpactondownstreamcountries，includingIndia，BangladeshandVietnam．TheChinesesaytheywouldtakeonly1％oftherunofffromthegiantBrahmaputra．AndallthiswouldincreaseChina'
swatersuppliesbyamere7％．ThewatercrisisisdrivingChinatodesperatebutultimatelyunhelpfulmeasures．
提纲挈领
文章主要分析中国的水资源危机。
环境专家们一致认为，中国最大的问题是水资源问题：
中国水资源极度匮乏，人均占有量不到国际用水紧张线的一半；
同时，水污染相当严重；
并且，中国的水资源分布不均，南北差异很大。
由于沿用水资源，中国河流的数量近年来也在减少。
水资源问题将会危及能源生产，因为燃气、燃煤都需要水来运转。
中国试图通过扩大供应来解决水源短缺问题，并开展了三峡大坝南水北调等一系列工程项目。
文章指出，中国水资源利用率很低，因此治本之策是提高水资源利用率。
障碍词汇
catchment ［ˈkæ
tʃm（ə）nt］ n．流域；
集水
【搭配】catchmentareas集水区
【例句】Atthesametime，increasinglyerraticrainfallpatternsandthedestructionofkeywatercatchmentareashaveaffectedhydroelectricityoutput．
与此同时，越来越没规律的降雨和几个主要水库的枯竭已经影响了水力发电的产能。
atrocious ［əˈtrəuʃəs］ a．凶恶的，残暴的
【搭配】atrociousdeed恶行
【例句】Iwasdevastatedbytheatrociousbornbingsthatstruckhondontoday．
对于今天在伦敦发生的残忍的爆炸事件我感到非常震惊。
shale ［ʃeil］ n．［岩］页岩；
泥板岩
【搭配】shalegas页岩气
【例句】Wecanextractoilfromshale．
我们可以从页岩中提取石油。
eminent ［ˈeminənt］ a．杰出的；
有名的；
明显的
【搭配】eminentposition显要位置
【例句】Duringhistimeoutofthespotlight，noactionstarhasemergedtochallengetheeminentpositionSchwarzeneggerwoninthe1980sand1990s．
身为世界顶级动作巨星，施瓦辛格在20世纪八九十年代取得的辉煌地位至今无人能敌。
cormorant ［ˈkɔːm（ə）r（ə）nt］ n．［鸟类］鸬鹚
tributary ［ˈtribjut（ə）ri］ n．支流
corpse ［kɔːps］ n．尸体
sewerage ［ˈsuːəridʒ］ n．污水；
排水设备
doable ［ˈduːəb（ə）l］ a．可做的
hydraulic ［haiˈdrɔlik］ a．水力的；
水力学的
parched ［pɑːtʃt］ a．焦的；
炎热的
plankton ［ˈplæ
ktən］ n．浮游生物（总称）
benthic ［ˈbenθik］ a．水底的；
深海底的
难句翻译
WaterpricesinmostcitiesareonlyaboutatenthofthelevelinbigEuropeancities，yetthegovernmentisreluctanttoraisethem，forfearofapopularbacklash．
译文：
中国大部分城市的水费仅为欧洲大城市的十分之一，而政府则由于担心民众的强烈反对而不愿涨价。
Ratherthanmakingsensibleandeminentlydoablereformsinpricingandwaterconservation，Chinaisfocusingonincreasingsupplies．
相比在水价调整和水资源保护上采取富有成效的改革措施，中国采取的主要方法则是增加供应量。
ChenJiyuoftheChineseAcademyofEngineeringtoldSouthWeekly，amagazine，in2012thattheprojectsofarhasreducedthequantityofplanktonintheYangzibyovertwothirdsandthenumberofbenthicorganisms（thoselivingontheriverbottom）byhalf．
2012年，中国工程院院士陈吉余告诉南方周末记者，南水北调工程迄今已造成长江浮游生物数量减少超过2/3，底栖生物（生活在水底的生物）减少一半。
文化背景小链接
SouthNorthWaterDiversionProject：
南水北调工程，是旨在缓解中国华北和西北地区水资源短缺的国家战略性工程，把中国汉江流域丰盈的水资源抽调一部分送到华北和西北地区，分东线、中线和西线三条调水线。
东线工程位于东部，因地势低需抽水送至华北地区。
中线工程从汉水与其最大支流丹江交汇处的丹江口水库引水，自流供水给黄淮海平原大部分地区，20多座大中城市；
西线工程在青藏高原上，由长江上游向黄河上游补水，还未开工建设。
2014年12月12日，南水北调中线正式通水。
北京南水北调中线一期工程12月27日通水，北京市民开始饮用长江水。
2015年1月，北京市发改委表示，虽然南水北调来水价格提高了北京供水成本，但2015年北京不会对居民水价进行调整
Thanks，Mum—GovernmentsFindReasontoRegulatetheNamesofChildren
谢谢妈妈——政府有理由规范儿童的名字
Lucifer，V8，Anal，Christ：
theseareamongthebabynamesrejectedbyNewZealand'
sdepartmentofinternalaffairs，whorecentlyreleasedacomprehensivelistofthosedisallowedbyregistrarsinthepasttenyears．Thoughnonameisbannedoutright，saysRossMcPherson，thedeputyregistrar-general，someapplicationswerenotevenwords．Disappointedparentsincludedthosewishingtochristentheiroffspringwithnumbers（89），letters（J，I，T）andpunctuationmarks（*）．
Fewdecisionsaremorepersonalthanthenamingofoffspring．Yetlawsregulatingthechoiceofbothfirstnamesandsurnamesarecommonaroundtheworld．Denmarkexpectsnewparentstochoosefromaregisterofacceptablenames；
Portugallistsbannedandapprovedones．InIcelandacommitteeoflanguagespecialistsmustruleonanyunusualname．Germanregistrarsprohibittheuseofmostnounsandplace-names，andalsofrownuponanythatdonotclearlyimplyagender：
badluck，Kim．ExpertsataGer
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