4年高考江苏省高考英语真题汇编 说明文阅读Word下载.docx

1、Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The a

2、ngrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accomp

3、anied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry （不对称） of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy （同感） towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the a

4、ngry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.61. The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger _.A. usually has a biological basis B. varies among peopleC. is socially and culturally shaped D. influences ones thinking and evaluation62. What changes

5、 can be found in an angry brain? ZXXKA. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C. Electrical activity corresponds to ones behaviour.D. Electrical activity agrees with ones disposition.63. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A

6、. Approaching the source of anger. B. Trying to control what is disliked.C. Moving away from what is disliked. D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.64. What is the key message of the last paragraph?A. How anger differs from other emotions. B. How anger relates to other emotions.C. Behavioural re

7、sponses to anger. D. Behavioural patterns of anger.61. C 62. B 63. A 64. D（2013江苏）CIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen （氮） dissolved （溶解） in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles （气泡） accumulate in a joint, is sha

8、rp pain and a bent bodythus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression （减压） sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals

9、 got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil （化石） bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the a

10、nimal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150

11、million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflec

12、ting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen （标本） showed evidence of that sort of injury.If i

13、chthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they

14、have surfaced to escape a predator （捕食动物） such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ich

15、thyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey （猎物） as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.61. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted body.B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nit

16、rogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure.62. The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see _.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones63. Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4 _

17、.A. confirmed his assumption B. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumption D. changed his research objectives64. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs _.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out becaus

18、e of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it61. A 62. B 63. C 64. A（2012江苏）BDeputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic （流行病） sweeping across Americas farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel pr

19、ices and crop-eating insects. The countrys fanners are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census （普查） figures show that the fastest-growing group of fanners is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher

20、when the 2012 statistics are completed.Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of .Americas farmers, her work is made tougher by a recen

21、t blog posting that put agriculture at No.1 on a list of useless college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country.“There couldnt be anything thats more incorrect, Merrigan said. We know that th

22、ere arent enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said.“I truly believe were at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-

23、time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows, said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture. The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed

24、 at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers.Ryan Best, president of Future Fanners of America, has been living out of a suitcase, travel

25、ing the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21 -year-old Best hopes his message-that this is a new time in agriculture-will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics. Never before have we had the innovations （ 创新） in technology which have

26、 led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,” he said. “theres really a place for everybody to fit in.”59. What is the new challenge to American agriculture?A. Fewer and older farmers. B. Higher fuel prices.C. More natural disasters. D. Lower agricultural output.60.

27、Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country?A. To draw federal agriculture officials attention.B. To select qualified agriculture graduates.C. To clarify a recent blog posting.D. To talk more students into farming careers61. According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide oppo

28、rtunities for younger people because_.A. the government will cover production costsB. global food supplies will be even lowerC. investment in agriculture will be profitableD. America will increase its food export62. What do the underlined words to turn around the statistics in the last paragraph mean?A. To re-analyze the result of