4年高考江苏省高考英语真题汇编 说明文阅读Word下载.docx
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Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour:
wemoveclosertopeoplewelike.Mostnegativeemotions,incontrast,areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour:
wemoveawayfrompeopleandthingsthatwedislikeorthatmakeusanxious.Butangerisanexceptiontothispattern.Theangrierweare,themorelikelywearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasofensiveanger:
theangrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.Thisapproach-and-confrontbehaviourisaccompaniedbyaleftwardprefrontalasymmetry(不对称)ofEEGactivity.Interestingly,thisasymmetrylessensiftheangrypersoncanexperienceempa
thy(同感)towardstheindividualwhoisbringingforththeangryresponse.Indefensiveanger,incontrast,theEEGasymmetryisdirectedtotherightandtheangrypersonfeelshelplessinthefaceoftheanger-inspiringsituation.
61.The“duels”exampleinParagraph2provesthattheexpressionofanger________.
A.usuallyhasabiologicalbasisB.variesamongpeople
C.issociallyandculturallyshapedD.influencesone’sthinkingandevaluation
62.Whatchangescanbefoundinanangrybrain?
ZXXK
A.Balancedelectricalactivitycanbespotted.
B.Unbalancedpatternsarefoundinprefrontalareas.
C.Electricalactivitycorrespondstoone’sbehaviour.
D.Electricalactivityagreeswithone’sdisposition.
63.Whichofthefollowingistypicalofoffensiveanger?
A.Approachingthesourceofanger.B.Tryingtocontrolwhatisdisliked.
C.Movingawayfromwhatisdisliked.D.Feelinghelplessinthefaceofanger.
64.Whatisthekeymessageofthelastparagraph?
A.Howangerdiffersfromotheremotions.B.Howangerrelatestootheremotions.
C.Behaviouralresponsestoanger.D.Behaviouralpatternsofanger.
61.C62.B63.A64.D
(2013江苏)C
Ifadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles(气泡)accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.
Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression(减压)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:
whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil(化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.
BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.
Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(标本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.
Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.
Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食动物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(猎物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.
61.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?
A.Atwistedbody.
B.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.
C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.
D.Adropinbloodpressure.
62.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee______.
A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebends
B.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompression
C.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodies
D.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones
63.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4______.
A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocess
C.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectives
64.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs______.
A.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeans
B.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebends
C.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodiles
D.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostit
61.A62.B63.C64.A
(2012江苏)B
DeputyAgricultureSecretaryKathleenMerriganseesanepidemic(流行病)sweepingacrossAmericasfarmland.Ithaslittletodowiththeusualchallenges,suchasflood,risingfuelpricesandcrop-eatinginsects.Thecountry'
sfannersaregettingolder,andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.Nationalagriculturalcensus(普查)figuresshowthatthefastest-growinggroupoffannersisthepartover65.Merriganisafraidtheaverageagewillbeevenhigherwhenthe2012statisticsarecompleted.
Merrigan,aformercollegeprofessor,ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.Asidefromtryingtostopthegrayingof.America'
sfarmers,herworkismadetougherbyarecentblogpostingthatputagricultureatNo.1onalistof"
useless"
collegedegrees.Topfederalagricultureofficialsaretalkingabouttheposting,andithastheattentionofagriculturalorganizationsacrossthecountry.
“Therecouldn'
tbeanythingthat'
smoreincorrect,"
Merrigansaid."
Weknowthattherearen'
tenoughqualifiedgraduatestofillthejobsthatareoutthereinAmericanagriculture.
Inaddition,agrowingworldpopulationthatsomeexpertspredictwillrequire70%morefoodproductionby2050,shesaid.
“Itrulybelievewe'
reatagoldenageofagriculture.Globaldemandisatanall-timerecordhigh,andglobalsuppliesareatall-timerecordlows,"
saidMattRush,directoroftheTexasFarmBureau."
Productioncostsaregoingtobevaluableenoughthatyoungerpeoplearegoingtohavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinagriculture."
TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.TheNationalYoungFarmers'
Coalitionhasalsobeenpushingforstateandfederalpolicychangestomakeiteasierfornewfarmers.
RyanBest,presidentofFutureFannersofAmerica,hasbeenlivingoutofasuitcase,travelingthecountryandvisitingwithhighschoolstudentsaboutcareersinagriculture.The21-year-oldBesthopeshismessage-thatthisisanewtimeinagriculture-willmotivatethenextgenerationtoturnaroundthestatistics.Neverbeforehavewehadtheinnovations(创新)intechnologywhichhaveledtoagricultureinthiscountrybeingthemostefficientithaseverbeen,”hesaid.“there’sreallyaplaceforeverybodytofitin.”
59.WhatisthenewchallengetoAmericanagriculture?
A.Fewerandolderfarmers.B.Higherfuelprices.
C.Morenaturaldisasters.D.Loweragriculturaloutput.
60.WhyisMerriganvisitinguniversitiesacrossthecountry?
A.Todrawfederalagricultureofficials'
attention.
B.Toselectqualifiedagriculturegraduates.
C.Toclarifyarecentblogposting.
D.Totalkmorestudentsintofarmingcareers
61.AccordingtoMattRush,Americanagriculturewillprovideopportunitiesforyoungerpeoplebecause__________.
A.thegovernmentwillcoverproductioncosts
B.globalfoodsupplieswillbeevenlower
C.investmentinagriculturewillbeprofitable
D.Americawillincreaseitsfoodexport
62.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"
toturnaroundthestatistics"
inthelastparagraphmean?
A.Tore-analyzetheresultof