隐喻与狄更斯远大前程中的环境铺垫.docx

1、隐喻与狄更斯远大前程中的环境铺垫BA DissertationEnvironment Bedding and Metonymy in Dickenss Great ExpectationsBA Candidate Cao DanweiSupervisor Hu YumingWest Anhui UniversityMay, 2013AcknowledgementsHere I avail myself of this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to all those who have helped me in the cour

2、se of writing this paper.Firstly, I would like to thank my dear supervisor, Mr. Hu Yuming, for his constant encouragement and guidance. He has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this dissertation. He has offered me valuable ideas, suggestions and criticism with the profound knowledge

3、 in his research experience. Without his consistent and illuminating instruction, this dissertation would never come to its present form. Secondly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the teachers who educated and cultivated me to be a qualified teacher in the future in the past tw

4、o years.Finally, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems d

5、uring the difficult course of the thesis.AbstractCharles Dickens (1812 -1870)，generally regarded as the greatest literary author of his time in Victorian England, enjoyed a wider popularity than any other previous authors had done during his whole lifetime. Dickenss later work Great Expectations (18

6、61), which was considered as his artistic masterpiece, was the most perfectly constructed of all Dickenss novels. This thesis carefully analyzed the relationship between metonymy and the environment bedding in Dickenss Great Expectations to achieve a better understanding of this novel. This thesis w

7、as componented of four chapters. Chapter one was a brief introduction to this thesis, the life and career of Charles Dickens. Chapter Two discussed the figure of environment bedding in Great Expectation. Chapter Three focused on the figure of metonymy in Great Expectation and the relationship betwee

8、n metonymy and environment bedding in this novel. The last chapter concluded that the author used much metonymy rhetoric to make the environment bedding more vivid. The use of them was well complemented with each other in this novel. It was important for one to pay attention to the importance of usi

9、ng rhetoric and writing techniques in writing. Key words: Charles Dickens; Great Expectation; environment bedding; metonymy摘要查尔斯狄更斯（1812 - 1870）, 被认为是维多利亚时代英国最伟大的文学天才。他的受欢迎程度比以往任何作者都高。狄更斯的后期作品远大的前程（1861），是他的艺术杰作，是狄更斯所有小说中最完美的。这篇论文分析了在远大前程中换喻和环境铺垫的关系，以便更好地理解这部小说。全文包括四大部分。第一章前言，简单的介绍了文本内容，狄更斯的生平和职业生涯。

10、第二章主要是小说的写作手法之一的环境铺垫进行描述分析。第三章重点对修辞手法换喻在远大前程中的作用进行分析，以及换喻和环境铺垫在这部小说中的关系。最后一章为结论，狄更斯在小说中换喻的使用让环境铺垫的描写更为生动。换喻和环境铺垫在小说中的使用是对各自很好的补充。因此，在写作中注意对修辞手法和写作技巧的运用是非常重要的。关键词：查尔斯狄更斯；远大前程；环境铺垫; 转喻ContentsAcknowledgements.iAbstract (English Version).iiAbstract (Chinese Version).ContentsChapter I Introduction11.1 I

11、ntroduction to Charles Dickens.11.2 Introduction to Great Expectations.3Chapter II Environment bedding in Great Expectations62.1 Environment foreshadowing in novels.72.2Environment foreshadowing in Great Expectation.9Chapter III Metonymy in Great Expectations.113.1 The definition of metonymy.113.2 M

12、etonymy in Great Expectations.12 3.3 The correlation between metonymy and environment bedding.13Chapter IV Conclusion .16Bibliography 17Chapter I IntroductionCharles Dickens (1812 -1870)，generally regarded as the greatest literary geniuses of his time in Victorian England, enjoyed a wider popularity

13、 than any previous author had done during his lifetime. Dickenss later work Great Expectations (1861), which was regarded as his artistic masterpiece, was the most perfectly constructed of among all his novels. He concentrated on bottom peoples kindness, warmth and the power of moral influence. Grea

14、t Expectations reflected four different periods interpersonal relationship and the change of the psychological activity of Pip. In order to describe the development of protagonists character, the author incisively and vividly explained how a country inspired a nice young man who then gradually devel

15、oped into upper class as a gentleman but end with bad habits and disillusion 1.1 Introduction to Charles DickensCharles Dickens (18121870), was the most popular English novelist of the Victorian period. During his life, his works enjoyed unprecedented fame, and by the twentieth century his literary

16、genius was broadly acknowledged by critics and scholars. His novels and short stories continue to be widely popular (Laurence, 2008: 76). Although he had little formal education, his early impoverishment drove him to succeed. He contributed quite a lot to the development of British Literature. He ed

17、ited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels, 5 novellas and hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles, lectured over his career (Chesterton, 2008: 10-12). Of all his books, Dickens showed his great concern toward the society he lived in. The continuing popularity of his novels and s

18、hort stories is that they have never gone out of print. The beginning of the novel was set shortly after Dickenss birth date (1812) in the country of his childhood-the Kentish countryside by the sea. Dickens wasnt an orphan, as Pip was, but he may well have felt like one. His parents were sociable,

19、pleasant people, but when Charles, who was the eldest boy, was nine, Dickenss family pulled up roots and moved to London to try to live more cheaply. Charles was appalled by the cramped, grubby house they lived in and even more ashamed when his father was arrested and taken to debtors prison. The re

20、st of the Dickens was allowed to move into prison with their father, but twelve-year-old Charles had to live on his own outside. After his father was released from the prison, Dickens returned to school. He eventually became a law clerk, then a court reporter, and finally a novelist. Dickens loved t

21、he style of the 18th century picaresque novels which he found in abundance on his fathers shelves. According to Ackroyd, other than these, perhaps the most important literary influence on him was derived from the fables of The Arabian Nights (Ackroyd, 1990: 44-45). His first novel, the Pickwick Pape

22、rs, became a huge popular success when Dickens was only twenty-five. Within a few years he had become an international literary celebrity, famous for his humour, satire, and keen observation of character and society. His novels, most published in monthly or weekly instalments, pioneered the serial p

23、ublication of narrative fiction, which became the dominant Victorian mode for novel publication (Grossman, 2012: 54). His 1843 novella, A Christmas Carol, was one of the most influential works ever written, and it remained popular and continued to inspire adaptations in every artistic genre. His cre

24、ative genius had been praised by fellow writersfrom Leo Tolstoy to G. K. Chesterton and George Orwellfor its realism, comedy, prose style, unique characterisations, and social criticism. He published his works extensively and was considered a literary celebrity until his death in 1870. Dickens was t

25、he most popular novelist of his time, and remained one of the best known and most read of English authors.1.2 Introduction to Great Expectations GreatExpectationswasoneofthemostmatureworksofCharlesDickens,whichmainlytold theheroPiplookingforhisgreat expectation. At the opening of the novel, Pip was

26、a parentless young boy. His parents and siblings had passed away, and he was left to his elder sister. A definitely ragged convict was staring down at him, who played a very important role in Pips life. As Pip grew up, he became the subject of some unknown partys very great expectations and was endo

27、wed with considerable wealth unexpectedly. The themes are often the fundamental and universal ideas explored in a literary work. The moral theme of Great Expectations was quite simple: affection, loyalty, and conscience are more important than social advancement, wealth, and class. Dickens establish

28、ed the theme and showed Pip learning this lesson, largely by exploring ideas of ambition and self-improvement. Pips desire for self-improvement was the main source of the novels title: because he believed in the possibility of advancement in life, he had “great expectations” about his future. There

29、was no doubt that the way the author described his characters and developed them was fabulous. Each character played an influential role in Pips life. All these roles and the brilliant way in which they were plot-developed were related to Pip showed a feeling of familiarity and nostalgia.Moreover, t

30、he novel was filled with hardships and conflicts for Pip as well. It was clear that Pip had a defining wish to improve himself, but also an intense conscience throughout the novel. At the beginning of the book, Pip eagerly desired to rise himself above surroundings and made the most of himself as po

31、ssibly as he can, and even more. The desire really began with his introduction to Miss Havisham, a very strange woman who lived in the Satis House uptown. He met not only Miss Havisham but the young adopted girl Estella there, whom was raised by Miss Havisham since early childhood. Pip was almost instantly attracted by her beauty, yet she scorned him sharply. Pip couldnt understand why she treated him like this, and was very embarrassed of himself and his background, hoping his boots werent so thick and his accent not so coarse. He had a strong feeling to improv