隐喻与狄更斯远大前程中的环境铺垫.docx

隐喻与狄更斯远大前程中的环境铺垫.docx

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隐喻与狄更斯远大前程中的环境铺垫

BADissertation

EnvironmentBeddingandMetonymyinDickens’sGreatExpectations

BACandidateCaoDanwei

SupervisorHuYuming

WestAnhuiUniversity

May,2013

Acknowledgements

HereIavailmyselfofthisopportunitytoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoallthosewhohavehelpedmeinthecourseofwritingthispaper.

Firstly,Iwouldliketothankmydearsupervisor,Mr.HuYuming,forhisconstantencouragementandguidance.Hehaswalkedmethroughallthestagesofthewritingofthisdissertation.Hehasofferedmevaluableideas,suggestionsandcriticismwiththeprofoundknowledgeinhisresearchexperience.Withouthisconsistentandilluminatinginstruction,thisdissertationwouldnevercometoitspresentform.

Secondly,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoalltheteacherswhoeducatedandcultivatedmetobeaqualifiedteacherinthefutureinthepasttwoyears.

Finally,mythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughtheseyears.Ialsoowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelpandtimeinlisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis.

Abstract

CharlesDickens（1812-1870），generallyregardedasthegreatestliteraryauthorofhistimeinVictorianEngland,enjoyedawiderpopularitythananyotherpreviousauthorshaddoneduringhiswholelifetime.Dickens’slaterworkGreatExpectations（1861）,whichwasconsideredashisartisticmasterpiece,wasthemostperfectlyconstructedofallDickens’snovels.ThisthesiscarefullyanalyzedtherelationshipbetweenmetonymyandtheenvironmentbeddinginDickens’sGreatExpectationstoachieveabetterunderstandingofthisnovel.Thisthesiswascomponentedoffourchapters.Chapteronewasabriefintroductiontothisthesis,thelifeandcareerofCharlesDickens.ChapterTwodiscussedthefigureofenvironmentbeddinginGreatExpectation.ChapterThreefocusedonthefigureofmetonymyinGreatExpectationandtherelationshipbetweenmetonymyandenvironmentbeddinginthisnovel.Thelastchapterconcludedthattheauthorusedmuchmetonymyrhetorictomaketheenvironmentbeddingmorevivid.Theuseofthemwaswellcomplementedwitheachotherinthisnovel.Itwasimportantforonetopayattentiontotheimportanceofusingrhetoricandwritingtechniquesinwriting.

Keywords:

CharlesDickens;GreatExpectation;environmentbedding;metonymy

摘要

查尔斯﹒狄更斯（1812-1870）,被认为是维多利亚时代英国最伟大的文学天才。

他的受欢迎程度比以往任何作者都高。

狄更斯的后期作品《远大的前程》（1861），是他的艺术杰作，是狄更斯所有小说中最完美的。

这篇论文分析了在《远大前程》中换喻和环境铺垫的关系，以便更好地理解这部小说。

全文包括四大部分。

第一章前言，简单的介绍了文本内容，狄更斯的生平和职业生涯。

第二章主要是小说的写作手法之一的环境铺垫进行描述分析。

第三章重点对修辞手法换喻在《远大前程》中的作用进行分析，以及换喻和环境铺垫在这部小说中的关系。

最后一章为结论，狄更斯在小说中换喻的使用让环境铺垫的描写更为生动。

换喻和环境铺垫在小说中的使用是对各自很好的补充。

因此，在写作中注意对修辞手法和写作技巧的运用是非常重要的。

关键词：

查尔斯﹒狄更斯；《远大前程》；环境铺垫;转喻

Contents

Acknowledgements………………………………………………….…...i

Abstract（EnglishVersion）……………………………………………….ii

Abstract（ChineseVersion）……………………………………………..ⅲ

Contents…………………………………………………………………ⅳ

ChapterIIntroduction……………………………………………………1

1.1IntroductiontoCharlesDickens…………………………………..1

1.2IntroductiontoGreatExpectations..................................................3

ChapterIIEnvironmentbeddinginGreatExpectations…………………6

2.1Environmentforeshadowinginnovels………………………….....7

2.2EnvironmentforeshadowinginGreatExpectation………………...9

ChapterIIIMetonymyinGreatExpectations…………………………..11

3.1Thedefinitionofmetonymy……………………………………...11

3.2MetonymyinGreatExpectations………………………………...12

3.3Thecorrelationbetweenmetonymyandenvironmentbedding….13

ChapterIVConclusion………….……………………………………...16

Bibliography……………………………………………………………17

ChapterIIntroduction

CharlesDickens（1812-1870），generallyregardedasthegreatestliterarygeniusesofhistimeinVictorianEngland,enjoyedawiderpopularitythananypreviousauthorhaddoneduringhislifetime.Dickens’slaterworkGreatExpectations（1861）,whichwasregardedashisartisticmasterpiece,wasthemostperfectlyconstructedofamongallhisnovels.Heconcentratedonbottompeople'skindness,warmthandthepowerofmoralinfluence.GreatExpectationsreflectedfourdifferentperiod’sinterpersonalrelationshipandthechangeofthepsychologicalactivityofPip.Inordertodescribethedevelopmentofprotagonist’scharacter,theauthorincisivelyandvividlyexplainedhowacountryinspiredaniceyoungmanwhothengraduallydevelopedintoupperclassasagentlemanbutendwithbadhabitsanddisillusion

1.1IntroductiontoCharlesDickens

CharlesDickens（1812–1870）,wasthemostpopularEnglishnovelistoftheVictorianperiod.Duringhislife,hisworksenjoyedunprecedentedfame,andbythetwentiethcenturyhisliterarygeniuswasbroadlyacknowledgedbycriticsandscholars.Hisnovelsandshortstoriescontinuetobewidelypopular（Laurence,2008:

76）.Althoughhehadlittleformaleducation,hisearlyimpoverishmentdrovehimtosucceed.HecontributedquitealottothedevelopmentofBritishLiterature.Heeditedaweeklyjournalfor20years,wrote15novels,5novellasandhundredsofshortstoriesandnon-fictionarticles,lecturedoverhiscareer（Chesterton,2008:

10-12）.Ofallhisbooks,Dickensshowedhisgreatconcerntowardthesocietyhelivedin.Thecontinuingpopularityofhisnovelsandshortstoriesisthattheyhavenevergoneoutofprint.ThebeginningofthenovelwassetshortlyafterDickens’sbirthdate（1812）inthecountryofhischildhood--theKentishcountrysidebythesea.Dickenswasn’tanorphan,asPipwas,buthemaywellhavefeltlikeone.Hisparentsweresociable,pleasantpeople,butwhenCharles,whowastheeldestboy,wasnine,Dickens’sfamilypulleduprootsandmovedtoLondontotrytolivemorecheaply.Charleswasappalledbythecramped,grubbyhousetheylivedinandevenmoreashamedwhenhisfatherwasarrestedandtakentodebtors’prison.TherestoftheDickenswasallowedtomoveintoprisonwiththeirfather,buttwelve-year-oldCharleshadtoliveonhisownoutside.Afterhisfatherwasreleasedfromtheprison,Dickensreturnedtoschool.Heeventuallybecamealawclerk,thenacourtreporter,andfinallyanovelist.

Dickenslovedthestyleofthe18thcenturypicaresquenovelswhichhefoundinabundanceonhisfather'sshelves.AccordingtoAckroyd,otherthanthese,perhapsthemostimportantliteraryinfluenceonhimwasderivedfromthefablesofTheArabianNights（Ackroyd,1990:

44-45）.Hisfirstnovel,thePickwickPapers,becameahugepopularsuccesswhenDickenswasonlytwenty-five.Withinafewyearshehadbecomeaninternationalliterarycelebrity,famousforhishumour,satire,andkeenobservationofcharacterandsociety.Hisnovels,mostpublishedinmonthlyorweeklyinstalments,pioneeredtheserialpublicationofnarrativefiction,whichbecamethedominantVictorianmodefornovelpublication（Grossman,2012:

54）.His1843novella,AChristmasCarol,wasoneofthemostinfluentialworkseverwritten,anditremainedpopularandcontinuedtoinspireadaptationsineveryartisticgenre.Hiscreativegeniushadbeenpraisedbyfellowwriters—fromLeoTolstoytoG.K.ChestertonandGeorgeOrwell—foritsrealism,comedy,prosestyle,uniquecharacterisations,andsocialcriticism.Hepublishedhisworksextensivelyandwasconsideredaliterarycelebrityuntilhisdeathin1870.Dickenswasthemostpopularnovelistofhistime,andremainedoneofthebestknownandmostreadofEnglishauthors.

1.2IntroductiontoGreatExpectations

Great Expectations was one of the most mature works of Charles Dickens, which mainly toldthe hero Pip looking for his greatexpectation.Attheopeningofthenovel,Pipwasaparentlessyoungboy.Hisparentsandsiblingshadpassedaway,andhewaslefttohiseldersister.Adefinitelyraggedconvictwasstaringdownathim,whoplayedaveryimportantroleinPip’slife.AsPipgrewup,hebecamethesubjectofsomeunknownparty’sverygreatexpectationsandwasendowedwithconsiderablewealthunexpectedly.

Thethemesareoftenthefundamentalanduniversalideasexploredinaliterarywork.ThemoralthemeofGreatExpectationswasquitesimple:

affection,loyalty,andconsciencearemoreimportantthansocialadvancement,wealth,andclass.DickensestablishedthethemeandshowedPiplearningthislesson,largelybyexploringideasofambitionandself-improvement.Pip’sdesireforself-improvementwasthemainsourceofthenovel’stitle:

becausehebelievedinthepossibilityofadvancementinlife,hehad“greatexpectations”abouthisfuture.

Therewasnodoubtthatthewaytheauthordescribedhischaractersanddevelopedthemwasfabulous.EachcharacterplayedaninfluentialroleinPip’slife.Alltheserolesandthebrilliantwayinwhichtheywereplot-developedwererelatedtoPipshowedafeelingoffamiliarityandnostalgia.

Moreover,thenovelwasfilledwithhardshipsandconflictsforPipaswell.ItwasclearthatPiphadadefiningwishtoimprovehimself,butalsoanintenseconsciencethroughoutthenovel.Atthebeginningofthebook,Pipeagerlydesiredtorisehimselfabovesurroundingsandmadethemostofhimselfaspossiblyashecan,andevenmore.ThedesirereallybeganwithhisintroductiontoMissHavisham,averystrangewomanwholivedintheSatisHouseuptown.HemetnotonlyMissHavishambuttheyoungadoptedgirlEstellathere,whomwasraisedbyMissHavishamsinceearlychildhood.Pipwasalmostinstantlyattractedbyherbeauty,yetshescornedhimsharply.Pipcouldn’tunderstandwhyshetreatedhimlikethis,andwasveryembarrassedofhimselfandhisbackground,hopinghisbootsweren’tsothickandhisaccentnotsocoarse.Hehadastrongfeelingtoimprov