英语概要写作技能训练含答案文档格式.docx

1、s nice and the price is right. Youve never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish. They must know. So you buy it. You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency. They are actually paid to go from store to store talking loudly about Lorenzo B

2、ertolla clothes. Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too. This is the secret of undercover（暗中影响的） marketing. Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that dont pay attention to traditional advertising.

3、This is particularly true of the MTV generation-consumers between the age of 18 and 34. It is a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend, but they dont trust ads.So advertising agencies hire young actors perform in bars and other places where young adults go. Some people might call this Pract

4、ice deceptive, but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative. Look at the traditional advertising. Its effectiveness is decreasing.” However, one might ask what real is exactly about if young women pretend to be enthusiastic about a sweater? Advertising executives would say its no less

5、real than an ad. The difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. While you dont know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance. 某同学写的概要: Some attractive women say a Lorenzo Bertolla is beautiful but cheap, and you buy it. Actually these stylish people a

6、re employed by advertising agencies to do undercover marketing, which aims at people who dont trust ads. Although, in some advertising executives opinion, it is creative and effective, undercover marketing is blamed for the performance which you are unaware of.名师点拨1. 议论和说明性文体通常围绕某个主题（ topic/ subject

7、）展开。2. 概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题, 进而提取主旨大意, 即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。这一过程被称为归纳主旨大意。3. 归纳主旨大意, 是为了整体上把握语篇要义, 有利于区分主次、剔除细节信息。【名师导学】一. 阅读A、B、C三个段落,回答导学问题1. 请用下划线在各段标出含有本段主旨大意的句子。2. 请分析这三个句子与所在段落中其他句子间的关系, 并举例说明AMany things may make you angry. You may get angry when something doesnt go your way. Maybe you get

8、mad at yourself when you dont understand your homework or when your team loses an important game. Maybe your teacher gave you too much homework. Or maybe a friend borrowed your favorite video game and then broke it. That made you angry！BOften no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other

9、hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows everything may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.CWhat is Standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, Indi

10、a and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as Standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is Standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the r

11、adio you will hear differences in the way people speak.名师点拔1. 议论和说明性文体时常含有概括全段主要内容的句子, 即段落主旨句（top sentence）2. 段落主旨句作为段落的核心句子, 受到段落中其他句子的支撑, 即其他句子为段落主旨句提供支持性细节。3. 受英语开门见山、直切主题的表达特点的影响, 段落主旨句多在段首。少数主旨句可能出现在段中或段尾。二、请阅读下面这个段落以及三位同学给出的段落主旨句, 回答导学问题3.哪位同学给出的段落主旨句比较合理? 为什么? SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?A

12、ctuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhen culturesmeetcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirstthespokeninEnglandbetween aboutAD4501150wasverydifferentfromtoday.Itbasedmoreon Germanthanwespeakatpresent.Thengradualbetweenabout8001150 EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledspokeDanishlater French.Thesene

13、wsettlersenrichedlanguageespeciallyitsvocabulary.Soby the1600s,Shakespeareabletomakeuseofawidervocabularyeverbefore.In1620 someBritishmovedAmerica.Later18thcentury,somepeoplewere takenAustralia,too.beganbebothcountries. 三位同学给出的段落主旨句: 同学1:Why 同学2:Allwhenculturesother. 同学3:changesasculturemeetscommuni

14、catesthatanother.1. 不是所有的段落都有现成的段落主旨句, 有的段落主旨句需要你根据段落内容予以归纳和概括。2. 归纳主旨大意时, 既要回答“这段落关于什么?（Whatisparagraph about?）” 以抓住段落的主题（topic/.subject）, 又要回答 “作者就该主题写了什么? （saidsubject ?）” 以提炼出有关该主题的主要内容或作者就该主题。提出的观点和主张。三、阅读以下短文，回答导学问题。 4. 第一段的主旨向是第一句还是最后一句? 请说明理由。 5. 以下哪句比较好地归纳了该短文的主旨大意?A. Although prevention is

15、 believed to be beneficial, more attention is given to heart surgeries than prevention programs. B. Although heart surgery can help a large number of people who are sufferingfrom heart disease, it has some disadvantages.One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rat

16、e from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by c

17、hanging their diets and by paying more attention to reducing stress in their work. However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. In

18、stead of supporting such programs, however, the U.S. health care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical （外科的） treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fi

19、fteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S. hospitals. The result had been a huge increase in heart surgery.Although there is no d

20、oubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care

21、to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doc

22、tors are encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary-because the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery,

23、for example, only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100, 000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year.1. 确定段落主旨句时,还应该兼顾语篇大背景, 即在全文主旨大意的统领下归纳段落主旨, 将段落主旨纳入语篇主旨的架构中。2. 概括段落大意时, 要在理清句与句之间关系的基础上抓住贯穿全段的中心意思。3. 有时候, 段落第一句（和前几句）只是

24、起到导入话题或过渡衔接的作用, 而不是作为段落主旨句起到统领的作用。4. 归纳全文主旨大意时, 需要理清段与段之间的关系, 尤其关注段落之间的连接词和过渡句, 以便更好地抓住贯穿全文的中心意思。5. 有时候, 第一段（或前几段）只是起到导入话题的作用, 和全文主旨没有直接关系。【先试为快】 请阅读下面短文, 并运用本节有关主旨大意归纳的微技能, 完成文后学习任务。 You are in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at the sweater. You listen to the conversation.t know when a co