英语概要写作技能训练含答案文档格式.docx
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sniceandthepriceisright.You’veneverheardofLorenzoBertolla,butthosegirlslookedreallystylish.Theymustknow.Soyoubuyit.Youneverrealizethatthoseyoungwomenareemployeesofanadvertisingagency.TheyareactuallypaidtogofromstoretostoretalkingloudlyaboutLorenzoBertollaclothes.
Everydaywenoticewhatpeoplearewearing,drivingandeating.Ifthepersonlookscool,theproductseemscool,too.Thisisthesecretofundercover（暗中影响的）marketing.
Undercovermarketingisimportantbecauseitreachespeoplethatdon’tpayattentiontotraditionaladvertising.ThisisparticularlytrueoftheMTVgeneration--consumersbetweentheageof18and34.Itisagoldengroup.Theyhavealotofmoneytospend,buttheydon’ttrustads.
Soadvertisingagencieshireyoungactors"
perform"
inbarsandotherplaceswhereyoungadultsgo.SomepeoplemightcallthisPracticedeceptive,butmarketingexecutiveJonathanResslercallsitcreative."
Lookatthetraditionaladvertising.Itseffectivenessisdecreasing.”However,onemightaskwhat"
real"
isexactlyaboutifyoungwomenpretendtobeenthusiasticaboutasweater?
Advertisingexecutiveswouldsayit'
snolessrealthananad.Thedifferenceisthatyouknowanadistryingtopersuadeyoutobuysomething.Whileyoudon'
tknowwhenaconversationyouoverhearisjustaperformance.
某同学写的概要:
①SomeattractivewomensayaLorenzoBertollaisbeautifulbutcheap,andyoubuyit.②Actuallythesestylishpeopleareemployedbyadvertisingagenciestodoundercovermarketing,whichaimsatpeoplewhodon’ttrustads.③Although,insomeadvertisingexecutives’opinion,itiscreativeandeffective,undercovermarketingisblamedfortheperformancewhichyouareunawareof.
名师点拨
1.议论和说明性文体通常围绕某个主题（topic/subject）展开。
2.概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题,进而提取主旨大意,即有关该主题的
主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。
这一过程被称为归纳主旨大意。
3.归纳主旨大意,是为了整体上把握语篇要义,有利于区分主次、剔除细节信息。
【名师导学】
一.阅读A、B、C三个段落,回答导学问题
1.请用下划线在各段标出含有本段主旨大意的句子。
2.请分析这三个句子与所在段落中其他句子间的关系,并举例说明
A
Manythingsmaymakeyouangry.Youmaygetangrywhensomethingdoesn’tgoyourway.Maybeyougetmadatyourselfwhenyoudon’tunderstandyourhomeworkorwhenyourteamlosesanimportantgame.Maybeyourteachergaveyoutoomuchhomework.Ormaybeafriendborrowedyourfavoritevideogameandthenbrokeit.Thatmadeyouangry！
B
Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows"
everything"
mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.
C
WhatisStandardEnglish?
IsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,IndiaandNewZealand?
Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasStandardEnglish.ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisStandardEnglish.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.
名师点拔
1.议论和说明性文体时常含有概括全段主要内容的句子,即段落主旨句（topsentence）
2.段落主旨句作为段落的核心句子,受到段落中其他句子的支撑,即其他句子为段落主旨句提供支持性细节。
3.受英语开门见山、直切主题的表达特点的影响,段落主旨句多在段首。
少数主旨句可能出现在段中或段尾。
二、请阅读下面这个段落以及三位同学给出的段落主旨句,回答导学问题
3.哪位同学给出的段落主旨句比较合理?
为什么?
So
why
has
English
changed
over
time?
Actually
all
languages
change
and
develop
whencultures
meet
communicate
with
each
other.
At
first
the
spoken
in
England
betweenabout
AD
450
1150
was
very
different
from
today.
It
based
more
onGerman
than
we
speak
at
present.
Then
gradual
between
about
800
1150English
became
less
like
German
because
those
who
ruled
spoke
Danish
laterFrench.
These
new
settlers
enriched
language
especially
its
vocabulary.
So
bythe
1600s,
Shakespeare
able
to
make
use
of
a
wider
vocabulary
ever
before.
In
1620some
British
moved
America.
Later
18th
century,
some
people
weretaken
Australia,
too.
began
be
both
countries.
三位同学给出的段落主旨句:
同学1:
Why
同学
2:
All
when
cultures
other.
同学3:
changes
as
culture
meets
communicates
that
another.
1.不是所有的段落都有现成的段落主旨句,有的段落主旨句需要你根据段落内容予以归纳和概括。
2.归纳主旨大意时,既要回答“这段落关于什么?
（
What
is
paragraphabout?
）”以抓住段落的主题（
topic/.
subject）,又要回答“作者就该主题写了什么?
（
said
subject?
）”以提炼出有关该主题的主要内容或作者就该主题。
提出的观点和主张。
三、阅读以下短文，回答导学问题。
4.第一段的主旨向是第一句还是最后一句?
请说明理由。
5.以下哪句比较好地归纳了该短文的主旨大意?
A.Althoughpreventionisbelievedtobebeneficial,moreattentionisgiventoheartsurgeries
thanpreventionprograms.
B.Althoughheartsurgerycanhelpalargenumberofpeoplewhoaresuffering
fromheartdisease,ithassomedisadvantages.
OneofthegreatestkillersintheWesternworldisheartdisease.Thedeathratefromthediseasehasbeenincreasingatanalarmingspeedforthepastthirtyyears.TodayinBritain,forexample,aboutfourhundredpeopleadaydieofheartdisease.Medicalexpertsknowthatpeoplecanreducetheirchancesofgettingheartdiseasebyexercisingregularly,bynotsmoking,bychangingtheirdietsandbypayingmoreattentiontoreducingstressintheirwork.
However,Westernhealth-caresystemsarestillnotpayingenoughattentiontothepreventionofthedisease.Thereisaneedformoreprogramstoeducatethepublicaboutthecausesandpreventionofheartdisease.Insteadofsupportingsuchprograms,however,theU.S.healthcaresystemisspendinglargesumsofmoneyonthesurgical（外科的））treatmentofthediseaseafteritdevelops.Thisemphasisontreatmentclearlyhassomethingtodowiththetechnologicaladvancesthathavetakenplaceinthepasttentofifteenyears.Inthistime,moderntechnologyhasenableddoctorstodevelopnewsurgicaltechniques.ManyoperationsthatwereconsideredimpossibleortooriskyafewyearsagoarenowperformedeverydayinU.S.hospitals.Theresulthadbeenahugeincreaseinheartsurgery.
Althoughthereisnodoubtthatheartsurgerycanhelpalargenumberofpeople,somepeoplepointoutthattheemphasisonthesurgicaltreatmentofthediseasehasthreecleardisadvantages.First,itattractsinterestandmoneyawayfromthequestionofprevention.Second,itcausesthecostsofgeneralhospitalcaretorise.Afterhospitalsbuytheexpensiveequipmentthatisnecessaryformodernheartsurgery,theymusttrytorecoverthemoneytheyhavespent.Todothis,theyraisecostsforalltheirpatients,notjustthosepatientswhosetreatmentrequirestheequipment.Thethirddisadvantageisthatdoctorsareencouragedtoperformsurgery--evenonpatientsforwhomanoperationisunnecessary--becausetheequipmentandexpertskillsarethere.Agovernmentofficerecentlystatedthatmajorheartsurgerywasoftenperformedeventhoughitschancesofsuccesswerelow.Inonetypeofheartsurgery,forexample,only15percentofpatientsimprovedtheirconditionsafterthesurgery.However,morethan100,000oftheseoperationsareperformedintheUnitedStateseveryyear.
1.确定段落主旨句时,还应该兼顾语篇大背景,即在全文主旨大意的统领下归纳段落主旨,将段落主旨纳入语篇主旨的架构中。
2.概括段落大意时,要在理清句与句之间关系的基础上抓住贯穿全段的中心意思。
3.有时候,段落第一句（和前几句）只是起到导入话题或过渡衔接的作用,而不是作为段落主旨句起到统领的作用。
4.归纳全文主旨大意时,需要理清段与段之间的关系,尤其关注段落之间的连接词和过渡句,以便更好地抓住贯穿全文的中心意思。
5.有时候,第一段（或前几段）只是起到导入话题的作用,和全文主旨没有直接关系。
【先试为快】
请阅读下面短文,并运用本节有关主旨大意归纳的微技能,完成文后学习任务。
Youareinadepartmentstoreandyouseeacoupleofattractiveyoungwomenlookingatthesweater.Youlistentotheconversation.
tknowwhenaco
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