创新学院剑桥大学定制课程解剖学课程考核 1.docx

1、创新学院剑桥大学定制课程解剖学课程考核 1创新学院剑桥大学定制课程解剖学课程考核1. The three basic body planes are 单选题 *transverse, horizontal and axialtransverse, sagittal and coronal(正确答案)coronal, sagittal and parasagittalcoronal, oblique and frontal2. Which of the following statements about bone dynamics is incorrect? 单选题 *the epiphysi

2、s of long bones consists mainly of compact bone(正确答案)both the periosteum and endosteum possess osteogenic potentialtrabecular bone accounts for up to 20% of the total mass of the adult skeletonthe periosteum acts as an anchoring point for tendons and ligaments3. A young patient is brought in to A&E

3、with reduced GCS after being hit in the temple with a cricket ball during a match. A CT head shows a fracture adjacent to the pterion. What pattern of haemorrhage would you expect to see? 单选题 *blood in a crescent-shape between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater of the meningesbiconvex region of

4、blood between the dura mater and skull(正确答案)blood in the circle of Willis, fissures and cisternsblood in parenchyma and ventricles4. Which of the following statement is correct regarding function of the visual system 单选题 *homonymous hemianopia is caused by an optic chiasm lesionmonocular hemianopia

5、is caused by an optic tract lesionbitemporal hemianopia is caused by an optic nerve or retinal lesionophthalmoplegia is caused by a lesion to cranial nerve III, IV and/or VI(正确答案)5. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons release 单选题 *acetylcholine(正确答案)noradrenalinedopamineserotonin6. In Guillain-Barre s

6、yndrome, 单选题 *symptoms generally develop over many years, occuring in isolated attackssymptoms begin proximally and progress distallysymptoms are generally unilateralsymptoms classically start with pain, numbness and/or tingling(正确答案)7. Travelling away from the heart of an individual with normal ana

7、tomy, the aortic arch branches into the 单选题 *left subclavian artery, followed by the brachiocephalic trunk and then the left common carotid arteryleft common carotid artery, followed by the left subclavian artery and then the brachiocephalic trunkbrachiocephalic trunk, followed by the left subclavia

8、n artery and then the left common carotid arterybrachiocephalic trunk, followed by the left common carotid artery and then the left subclavian artery(正确答案)8. The nerve supply causing bronchoconstriction of the lungs comes from the 单选题 *vagus nerve(正确答案)thoracic sympathetic chainphrenic nerveazygous

9、nerve9. The arterial supply of the different parts of the GI tract is 单选题 *foregut - superior mesenteric artery; midgut - inferior mesenteric artery; hindgut - coeliac trunkforegut - left colic artery; midgut - superior mesenteric artery; hindgut - inferior mesenteric arteryforegut - coeliac trunk;

10、midgut - superior mesenteric artery; hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery(正确答案)foregut - superior mesenteric artery; midgut - inferior mesenteric artery; hindgut - ileocolic artery10. Which of the following is a correct statement about the testes 单选题 *the testicular artery is a direct branch of the

11、aorta(正确答案)there is no sympathetic nerve supplyvenous drainage is via the internal iliac veinsthe broad ligament of the ovary is the female equivalent of the male gubernaculum11. The uterus 单选题 *is usually anteverted and retroflexedreceives a sympathetic nerve supply from S2-4receives an arterial su

12、pply from both uterine and ovarian arteries(正确答案)drains lymph to para-aortic nodes12. A healthy female undergoes puberty at 12 years with an oocyte pool of 300,000. Assuming linear reduction in the pool at the ages and rates described in the lecture, approximately how many oocytes would remain when

13、she is 33 years and 6 months? 单选题 *274,200171,00042,000(正确答案)4,20013. Vertebral levels of structures in the neck: _ is at the level of C3, the _ sits around C5-T1 and the _ is at the level of C6 单选题 *The thyroid gland, cricoid cartilage, larynxThe thyroid cartilage, pharynx, hyoid boneThe hyoid bone

14、, thyroid gland, cricoid cartilage(正确答案)Sternocleidomastoid, oesophagus, parathyroid14. Bells palsy is caused by the dysfunction of which nerve? 单选题 *phrenic nervecranial nerve VII(正确答案)cranial nerve Vvagus nerve15. Which vein in the cubital fossa is often used for venepuncture? 单选题 *antecubital vei

15、n (median cubital vein)(正确答案)axillary veincephalic veinsubclavian vein16. Which three muscles are located in the anterior compartment of the arm? 单选题 *triceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialistriceps brachiibiceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis(正确答案)biceps brachii, brachioradialis a

16、nd anconeus17. The boundaries of the carpal tunnel are the _ and _. It contains _ and the _. 单选题 *flexor retinaculum; deep carpal arch; nine tendons; median nerve(正确答案)flexor carpi ulnaris; pronator teres; three arteries; musculocutaneous nervepronator quadratus; flexor retinaculum; four nerves; rad

17、ial arterypronator teres; pronator quadratus; nine tendons; median cubital vein18. A patient with no pre-existing condition or abnormality is involved in a major road traffic collision, during which the dashboard causes limb amputations at the left radio-carpal joint and the right mid-lower leg. How

18、 many complete bones does the patient have remaining? 单选题 *55151(正确答案)18915519. The structures passing posterior to the medial malleolus are the _, the _ and the _. 单选题 *sciatic nerve; posterior tibial vein; posterior tibial arterypopliteal vein; tibial nerve; sciatic nerveposterior tibial artery; t

19、ibial nerve; tendons of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallicus longus(正确答案)anterior tibial vein; fibular artery; tibial nerve20. Trendelenberg gait is the result of the ineffective action of which two muscles? 单选题 *gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lataobturator internus and

20、 quadratus femorisgluteus maximus and gluteus minimusgluteus minimus and gluteus medius(正确答案)21. What are the effects of weight loss on plasma concentrations of following three hormones? 单选题 *Weight loss lowers plasma insulin levels and increases plasma leptin and ghrelin levels.Weight loss lowers p

21、lasma insulin and ghrelin levels and increases plasma leptin levels.Weight loss lowers plasma insulin and leptin levels and increases plasma ghrelin levels.(正确答案)Weight loss lowers plasma levels of all three hormones.22. Which of the following active metabolites are generated by the colonic microbio

22、ta through fermentation? 单选题 *Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indole, -aminobutyric acid (GABA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).(正确答案)Indole, -aminobutyric acid (GABA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and -aminobu

23、tyric acid (GABA).23. Which of the following populations of neurons inhibit food intake? 单选题 *AGRP-expressing neurons located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC).POMC-expressing neurons located in the in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN).AGRP-expressing neurons located in the nucleus of the so

24、litary tract (NTS).POMC-expressing neurons located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC).(正确答案)24. Which of the following statements is not a characteristic of epicardial fat? 单选题 *Epicardial fat produces cytokines that modulates the function of the myocardium.Epicardial fat has the greatest rat

25、es of lipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism among visceral fat depots.Epicardial fat is vascularized by noncoronary arteries.(正确答案)Epicardial fat is located between the myocardium and the visceral layer of the pericardium.25. Which of the following statements regarding brown and beige adipocytes is

26、false? 单选题 *Both cell types express UCP1 protein.Both cell types have multiple lipid droplets.They originate from distinct precursors during cell diffentiation.Both cell types produce heat through Ca2+ cycling via endoplasmic reticulum.(正确答案)26. A woman with BMI 33 and 1.70 cm height has 30% fat con

27、tent. After losing weight, her new BMI becomes 28, and her fat content 25%. How much fat did she lose (chose the closest value in kg)? 单选题 *8.5 kg(正确答案)5.5 kg10 kg12 kg27. Please chose the organs that are the main source for the following secreted factors, in the order listed here: FGF21, irisin, le

28、ptin, GLP1. 单选题 *Fat, gut, liver, muscle.Mucle, liver, gut, fat.Gut, mucle, fat, liver.Liver, muscle, fat, gut.(正确答案)28. Which tissue/organ is major source of circulating microRNAs in the circulation? 单选题 *LiverFat(正确答案)MucleBone29. Which of the following statements related to the role of indoxyl su

29、lfate in inter-organ communication is true? 单选题 *Indole is created in the gut, via the metabolism of valine by the gut microbiota.Indole is taken up by the kidney, where it is metabolized to indoxyl sulfate.Indoxyl sulfate signals in various tissues through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR).(正确答案)

30、Indoxyl sulfate is ultimately excreted by the kidney through transporters located in the distal tubule epithelium.30. Where in the brain is the central clock located? 单选题 *In the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).(正确答案)In the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS).In the hypothalamic arcuate n

31、ucleus (ARC).In the paraventricular nucleus (PVN).31. Which of the following statements regarding the molecular organization of the circadian clock is false? 单选题 *The transcriptional-translational regulatory loops of the circadian clock are operating in most cells and control a large fraction of the mammalian genome.The transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1 dimerize to stimulate the expression of many genes with E-box elements in their promoters.At night, REV-ERB protein amounts are low, allowing Bmal1