创新学院剑桥大学定制课程解剖学课程考核 1.docx

创新学院剑桥大学定制课程解剖学课程考核 1.docx

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创新学院剑桥大学定制课程解剖学课程考核1

创新学院剑桥大学定制课程解剖学课程考核

1.Thethreebasicbodyplanesare[单选题]*

transverse,horizontalandaxial

transverse,sagittalandcoronal（正确答案）

coronal,sagittalandparasagittal

coronal,obliqueandfrontal

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutbonedynamicsisincorrect?

[单选题]*

theepiphysisoflongbonesconsistsmainlyofcompactbone（正确答案）

boththeperiosteumandendosteumpossessosteogenicpotential

trabecularboneaccountsforupto20%ofthetotalmassoftheadultskeleton

theperiosteumactsasananchoringpointfortendonsandligaments

3.AyoungpatientisbroughtintoA&EwithreducedGCSafterbeinghitinthetemplewithacricketballduringamatch.ACTheadshowsafractureadjacenttothepterion.Whatpatternofhaemorrhagewouldyouexpecttosee?

[单选题]*

bloodinacrescent-shapebetweentheduramaterandthearachnoidmaterofthemeninges

biconvexregionofbloodbetweentheduramaterandskull（正确答案）

bloodinthecircleofWillis,fissuresandcisterns

bloodinparenchymaandventricles

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementiscorrectregardingfunctionofthevisualsystem[单选题]*

homonymoushemianopiaiscausedbyanopticchiasmlesion

monocularhemianopiaiscausedbyanoptictractlesion

bitemporalhemianopiaiscausedbyanopticnerveorretinallesion

ophthalmoplegiaiscausedbyalesiontocranialnerveIII,IVand/orVI（正确答案）

5.Preganglionicsympatheticneuronsrelease[单选题]*

acetylcholine（正确答案）

noradrenaline

dopamine

serotonin

6.InGuillain-Barresyndrome,[单选题]*

symptomsgenerallydevelopovermanyyears,occuringinisolatedattacks

symptomsbeginproximallyandprogressdistally

symptomsaregenerallyunilateral

symptomsclassicallystartwithpain,numbnessand/ortingling（正确答案）

7.Travellingawayfromtheheartofanindividualwithnormalanatomy,theaorticarchbranchesintothe[单选题]*

leftsubclavianartery,followedbythebrachiocephalictrunkandthentheleftcommoncarotidartery

leftcommoncarotidartery,followedbytheleftsubclavianarteryandthenthebrachiocephalictrunk

brachiocephalictrunk,followedbytheleftsubclavianarteryandthentheleftcommoncarotidartery

brachiocephalictrunk,followedbytheleftcommoncarotidarteryandthentheleftsubclavianartery（正确答案）

8.Thenervesupplycausingbronchoconstrictionofthelungscomesfromthe[单选题]*

vagusnerve（正确答案）

thoracicsympatheticchain

phrenicnerve

azygousnerve

9.ThearterialsupplyofthedifferentpartsoftheGItractis[单选题]*

foregut-superiormesentericartery;midgut-inferiormesentericartery;hindgut-coeliactrunk

foregut-leftcolicartery;midgut-superiormesentericartery;hindgut-inferiormesentericartery

foregut-coeliactrunk;midgut-superiormesentericartery;hindgut-inferiormesentericartery（正确答案）

foregut-superiormesentericartery;midgut-inferiormesentericartery;hindgut-ileocolicartery

10.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectstatementaboutthetestes[单选题]*

thetesticulararteryisadirectbranchoftheaorta（正确答案）

thereisnosympatheticnervesupply

venousdrainageisviatheinternaliliacveins

thebroadligamentoftheovaryisthefemaleequivalentofthemalegubernaculum

11.Theuterus[单选题]*

isusuallyantevertedandretroflexed

receivesasympatheticnervesupplyfromS2-4

receivesanarterialsupplyfrombothuterineandovarianarteries（正确答案）

drainslymphtopara-aorticnodes

12.Ahealthyfemaleundergoespubertyat12yearswithanoocytepoolof300,000.Assuminglinearreductioninthepoolattheagesandratesdescribedinthelecture,approximatelyhowmanyoocyteswouldremainwhensheis33yearsand6months?

    [单选题]*

274,200

171,000

42,000（正确答案）

4,200

13.Vertebrallevelsofstructuresintheneck:

______isatthelevelofC3,the______sitsaroundC5-T1andthe______isatthelevelofC6[单选题]*

Thethyroidgland,cricoidcartilage,larynx

Thethyroidcartilage,pharynx,hyoidbone

Thehyoidbone,thyroidgland,cricoidcartilage（正确答案）

Sternocleidomastoid,oesophagus,parathyroid

14.Bell'spalsyiscausedbythedysfunctionofwhichnerve?

[单选题]*

phrenicnerve

cranialnerveVII（正确答案）

cranialnerveV

vagusnerve

15.Whichveininthecubitalfossaisoftenusedforvenepuncture?

[单选题]*

antecubitalvein（mediancubitalvein）（正确答案）

axillaryvein

cephalicvein

subclavianvein

16.Whichthreemusclesarelocatedintheanteriorcompartmentofthearm?

[单选题]*

tricepsbrachii,brachialisandcoracobrachialis

tricepsbrachii

bicepsbrachii,brachialisandcoracobrachialis（正确答案）

bicepsbrachii,brachioradialisandanconeus

17.Theboundariesofthecarpaltunnelarethe_____and_____.Itcontains_____andthe_____.[单选题]*

flexorretinaculum;deepcarpalarch;ninetendons;mediannerve（正确答案）

flexorcarpiulnaris;pronatorteres;threearteries;musculocutaneousnerve

pronatorquadratus;flexorretinaculum;fournerves;radialartery

pronatorteres;pronatorquadratus;ninetendons;mediancubitalvein

18.Apatientwithnopre-existingconditionorabnormalityisinvolvedinamajorroadtrafficcollision,duringwhichthedashboardcauseslimbamputationsattheleftradio-carpaljointandtherightmid-lowerleg.Howmanycompletebonesdoesthepatienthaveremaining?

[单选题]*

55

151（正确答案）

189

155

19.Thestructurespassingposteriortothemedialmalleolusarethe______,the______andthe______.[单选题]*

sciaticnerve;posteriortibialvein;posteriortibialartery

poplitealvein;tibialnerve;sciaticnerve

posteriortibialartery;tibialnerve;tendonsoftibialisposterior,flexordigitorumlongusandflexorhallicuslongus（正确答案）

anteriortibialvein;fibularartery;tibialnerve

20.Trendelenberggaitistheresultoftheineffectiveactionofwhichtwomuscles?

[单选题]*

gluteusmaximusandtensorfascialata

obturatorinternusandquadratusfemoris

gluteusmaximusandgluteusminimus

gluteusminimusandgluteusmedius（正确答案）

21.Whataretheeffectsofweightlossonplasmaconcentrationsoffollowingthreehormones?

[单选题]*

Weightlosslowersplasmainsulinlevelsandincreasesplasmaleptinandghrelinlevels.

Weightlosslowersplasmainsulinandghrelinlevelsandincreasesplasmaleptinlevels.

Weightlosslowersplasmainsulinandleptinlevelsandincreasesplasmaghrelinlevels.（正确答案）

Weightlosslowersplasmalevelsofallthreehormones.

22.Whichofthefollowingactivemetabolitesaregeneratedbythecolonicmicrobiotathroughfermentation?

[单选题]*

Short-chainfattyacids（SCFAs）andlipopolysaccharide（LPS）.

Short-chainfattyacids（SCFAs）,indole,γ-aminobutyricacid（GABA）andlipopolysaccharide（LPS）.（正确答案）

Indole,γ-aminobutyricacid（GABA）andlipopolysaccharide（LPS）.

Short-chainfattyacids（SCFAs）andγ-aminobutyricacid（GABA）.

23.Whichofthefollowingpopulationsofneuronsinhibitfoodintake?

[单选题]*

AGRP-expressingneuronslocatedinthehypothalamicarcuatenucleus（ARC）.

POMC-expressingneuronslocatedintheintheparaventricularnucleus（PVN）.

AGRP-expressingneuronslocatedinthenucleusofthesolitarytract（NTS）.

POMC-expressingneuronslocatedinthehypothalamicarcuatenucleus（ARC）.（正确答案）

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotacharacteristicofepicardialfat?

[单选题]*

Epicardialfatproducescytokinesthatmodulatesthefunctionofthemyocardium.

Epicardialfathasthegreatestratesoflipogenesisandfattyacidmetabolismamongvisceralfatdepots.

Epicardialfatisvascularizedbynoncoronaryarteries.（正确答案）

Epicardialfatislocatedbetweenthemyocardiumandtheviscerallayerofthepericardium.

25.Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingbrownandbeigeadipocytesisfalse?

[单选题]*

BothcelltypesexpressUCP1protein.

Bothcelltypeshavemultiplelipiddroplets.

Theyoriginatefromdistinctprecursorsduringcelldiffentiation.

BothcelltypesproduceheatthroughCa2+cyclingviaendoplasmicreticulum.（正确答案）

26.AwomanwithBMI33and1.70cmheighthas30%fatcontent.Afterlosingweight,hernewBMIbecomes28,andherfatcontent25%.Howmuchfatdidshelose（chosetheclosestvalueinkg）?

[单选题]*

8.5kg（正确答案）

5.5kg

10kg

12kg

27.Pleasechosetheorgansthatarethemainsourceforthefollowingsecretedfactors,intheorderlistedhere:

FGF21,irisin,leptin,GLP1.[单选题]*

Fat,gut,liver,muscle.

Mucle,liver,gut,fat.

Gut,mucle,fat,liver.

Liver,muscle,fat,gut.（正确答案）

28.Whichtissue/organismajorsourceofcirculatingmicroRNAsinthecirculation?

[单选题]*

Liver

Fat（正确答案）

Mucle

Bone

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsrelatedtotheroleofindoxylsulfateininter-organcommunicationistrue?

[单选题]*

Indoleiscreatedinthegut,viathemetabolismofvalinebythegutmicrobiota.

Indoleistakenupbythekidney,whereitismetabolizedtoindoxylsulfate.

Indoxylsulfatesignalsinvarioustissuesthroughthearylhydrocarbonreceptor（AHR）.（正确答案）

Indoxylsulfateisultimatelyexcretedbythekidneythroughtransporterslocatedinthedistaltubuleepithelium.

30.Whereinthebrainisthecentralclocklocated?

[单选题]*

Inthehypothalamicsuprachiasmaticnucleus（SCN）.（正确答案）

Inthenucleusofthesolitarytract（NTS）.

Inthehypothalamicarcuatenucleus（ARC）.

Intheparaventricularnucleus（PVN）.

31.Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthemolecularorganizationofthecircadianclockisfalse?

[单选题]*

Thetranscriptional-translationalregulatoryloopsofthecircadianclockareoperatinginmostcellsandcontrolalargefractionofthemammaliangenome.

ThetranscriptionalactivatorsCLOCKandBMAL1dimerizetostimulatetheexpressionofmanygeneswithE-boxelementsintheirpromoters.

Atnight,REV-ERBαproteinamountsarelow,allowingBmal1