LSAT考试全真试题四SECTION1Word文件下载.docx

1、To many developers of technologies that affect public health or the environment. risk communication means persuading the public that the potential risks of such technologies are small and（5） should be ignored. Those who communicate risks in this way seem to believe that lay people do not understand

2、the actual nature of technological risk. and they can cite studies asserting that. although people apparently ignore mundane hazards that pose（10） significant danger, they get upset about exotic hazards that pose little chance of death or injury. Because some risk communicators take this persuasive

3、stance, many lay people see as a euphemism for brainwashing done by experts（15）Since however the goal of risk communication should be to enable people to make informed decisions about technological risks, a clear understanding about how the public perceives risk is needed. Lay people s definitions o

4、f risk are more likely to reflect（20） subjective ethical concerns than are experts definitions Lay people for example tend to perceive a small risk to children as more significant than a large risk to consenting adults who benefit from the risk-creating technology. However, if asked to rank hazards（

5、25） by the number of annual fatalities, without reference to ethical judgments, lay people provide quite reasonalbe estimates, demonstrating that they have substantial knowledge about many risks. Although some studies claim to demonstrate that lay people have inappropriate（30） concerns about exotic

6、hazards. these studies often use questionable methods, such as asking lay people to rank risks that are hard to compare, In contrast, a recent study showed that when lay people were given the necessary facts and time they understood the specific（35） risks of electromagnetic fields produced by high-v

7、oltage power transmission well enough to make informed decisionsRisk communication should therefore be based on the principle that people process new information in（40） the context of their existing beliefs. If people know nothing about a topic they will find messages about that topic incomprehensib

8、le, If they have erroneous beliefs, they are likely to misconstrue the messages. Thus, communicators need to know the nature and（45） extent of recipients knowledge and beliefs in order to design messages that will not be dismissed or misinterpreted. This need was demonstrated in a research project c

9、oncerning the public s level of knowledge about risks posed by the presence of radon（50） in the home. Researchers used open-ended interviews and questionnaires to determine what information should be included in their brochure on radon. Subjects who read the researchers brochure performed significan

10、tly better in understanding radon risks than significantly better in understanding radon risks than（55） did a control group who read a brochure that was written using a different approach by a government agency. Thus, careful preparation can help risk communicators to produce balanced material that

11、tells people what they need to know to make decisions（60） about technological risks1. Which one of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?（A） Risk communicators are effectively addressing the proloferation of complex technologies that have increasing impact on public health and s

12、afety.（B） Risk communicators should assess lay people s understanding of technologies in order to be able to give them the information they need to make reasonable decisions.（C） Experts who want to communicate to the public about the possible risks of complex technologies must simplify their message

13、 to ensure that it is understandable（D） Risk communication can be perceived as the task of persuading lay people to accept the impact of a particular technology on their lives.（E） Lay people can be unduly influenced by subjective concerns when making decisions about technological risks.2. The author

14、s of the passage would be most likely to agree that the primary purpose of risk communication should be to（A） explain rather than to persuade（B） promote rather than to justify（C） influence experts rather than to influence lay people（D） allay people s fears about mundane hazards rather than about exo

15、tic hazards.（E） foster public acceptance of new technologies rather than to acknowledge people s ethical concerns3. According to the passage,it is probable that which one of the following will occur when risk communicators attempt to communicate with lay people who have mistaken ideas about a partic

16、ular technology?（A） The lay people perceiving that the risk communicators have provided more-reliable information, will discard their mistaken notion（B） The lay people will only partially revise their ideas on the basis of the new information（C） The lay people fitting the new information into their

17、existing framework will interpret the communication differently that the risk communicators had intended（D） The lay people misunderstanding the new infromation will further distort the information when they communicate it to other lay people（E） The lay people will ignore any communication about a te

18、chnology they consider potentially dangerous4. Which one of the following is most clearly an example of the kind of risk perception discussed in the studies mentioned in line 8?（A） A skydiver checks the lines on her parachute several times before a jump because tangled lines often keep the parachute

19、s from opening properly（B） A person decides to quit smoking in order to lesson the probability of lung damage to himself and his family（C） A homeowner who decides to have her house tested for radon also decides not to allow anyone to smoke in her house（D） A person who often weaves in and out of traf

20、fic while driving his car at excessive speeds worries about meteorites hitting his house（E） A group of townspeople opposes the building of a nuclear waste dump outsider their town and proposes that the dump be placed in another town.5. It can be inferred that the authors of the passage would be more

21、 likely than would the risk communicators discussed in the first paragraph to emphasize which one of the following?（A） lay people s tendency to become alarmed about technologies that they find new or strange（B） lay people s tendency to compare risks that experts would not consider comparable（C） the

22、need for lay people to adopt scientists advice about technological risk.（D） the inability of lay people to rank hazards by the number of fatalities caused annually（E） the impact of lay people s value systems on their perceptions of risk.6. According to the passage many lay people believe which one o

23、f the following about risk communication?（A） It focuses excessively on mundane hazards（B） It is a tool used to manipulate the publie（C） It is a major cause of inaccuracies in public knowledge about science（D） It most often funcitions to help people make informed decisions（E） Its level of effectivene

24、ss depends on the level of knowledge its audience already hasIn April 1990 representatives of the Pico Korea Union of electronics workers in Buchon city, south Korea, traveled to the United States in order to demand just settlement of their claims from the parent company（5） of their employers. who u

25、pon the formation of the union had shut down operations without paying the workers from the beginning the union cause was championed by an unprecedented coalition of Korean American groups and deeply affected the Korean American（10） community on several levels.First, it served as a rallying focus fo

26、r a diverse community often divided by generation, class and political ideologies. Most notably, the Pico cause mobilized many young second-generation Korean（15） Americans, many of whom had never been part of a political campaign before, let alone one involving Korean issues. Members of this generat

27、ion unlike first-generation Korean Americans, generally fall within the more privileged sectors of the Korean American（20） community and often feel alienated from their Korean roots In addition to raising the political consciousness of young Korean Americans, the Pico struggle sparked among them new

28、 interest in their cultural identity The Pieo workers also suggested new roles that can be（25） played by recent immigrants, particularly working-class immigrants These immigrants knowledge of working conditions overseas can help to globalize the perspective of their communities and can help to estab

29、lish international ties on a more personal level, as（30） winessed in the especially warm exchange between the Pico workers and recent working-class immigrants from China In addition to broadening the political base within the Korean American community, the Pico struggle also led to new alliances bet

30、ween the Korean（35） American community and prograessive labor and social justice groups within the larger societyas evidenced in the support received from the Coalition of Labor Union Women and leading African American uniontsts.（40） The reasons for these effects lie in the nature of the cause The issues raised by the Pico unionists had such a strong human component that differences within the community became secondary to larger concerns for social justice and workers rights The workers （45） demands for compensat