LSAT考试全真试题四SECTION1Word文件下载.docx

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　　　Tomanydevelopersoftechnologiesthataffectpublichealthorthe　environment."

riskcommunication"

meanspersuadingthepublicthatthe　potentialrisksofsuchtechnologiesaresmalland

（5）shouldbeignored.Thosewhocommunicaterisksinthiswayseemto　believethatlaypeopledonotunderstandtheactualnatureoftechnological　risk.andtheycancitestudiesassertingthat.althoughpeopleapparently　ignoremundanehazardsthatpose

（10）significantdanger,theygetupsetaboutexotichazardsthatposelittle　chanceofdeathorinjury.Becausesomeriskcommunicatorstakethis　persuasivestance,manylaypeoplesee"

asa　euphemismforbrainwashingdonebyexperts

（15）Sincehoweverthegoalofriskcommunicationshouldbetoenablepeopleto　makeinformeddecisionsabouttechnologicalrisks,aclearunderstanding　abouthowthepublicperceivesriskisneeded.Laypeoplesdefinitionsof　"

risk"

aremorelikelytoreflect

（20）subjectiveethicalconcernsthanareexpertsdefinitionsLaypeoplefor　exampletendtoperceiveasmallrisktochildrenasmoresignificantthana　largerisktoconsentingadultswhobenefitfromtherisk-creatingtechnology.　However,ifaskedtorankhazards

（25）bythenumberofannualfatalities,withoutreferencetoethicaljudgments,　laypeopleprovidequitereasonalbeestimates,demonstratingthattheyhave　substantialknowledgeaboutmanyrisks.Althoughsomestudiesclaimto　demonstratethatlaypeoplehaveinappropriate

（30）concernsaboutexotichazards.thesestudiesoftenusequestionable　methods,suchasaskinglaypeopletorankrisksthatarehardtocompare,　Incontrast,arecentstudyshowedthatwhenlaypeopleweregiventhe　necessaryfactsandtimetheyunderstoodthespecific

（35）risksofelectromagneticfieldsproducedbyhigh-voltagepower　transmissionwellenoughtomakeinformeddecisions

　　　Riskcommunicationshouldthereforebebasedontheprinciplethat　peopleprocessnewinformationin

（40）thecontextoftheirexistingbeliefs.Ifpeopleknownothingaboutatopic　theywillfindmessagesaboutthattopicincomprehensible,Iftheyhave　erroneousbeliefs,theyarelikelytomisconstruethemessages.Thus,　communicatorsneedtoknowthenatureand

（45）extentofrecipientsknowledgeandbeliefsinordertodesignmessages　thatwillnotbedismissedormisinterpreted.Thisneedwasdemonstratedina　researchprojectconcerningthepublicslevelofknowledgeaboutrisksposed　bythepresenceofradon

（50）inthehome.Researchersusedopen-endedinterviewsandquestionnaires　todeterminewhatinformationshouldbeincludedintheirbrochureonradon.　Subjectswhoreadtheresearchersbrochureperformedsignificantlybetterin　understandingradonrisksthansignificantlybetterinunderstandingradon　risksthan

（55）didacontrolgroupwhoreadabrochurethatwaswrittenusingadifferent　approachbyagovernmentagency.Thus,carefulpreparationcanhelprisk　communicatorstoproducebalancedmaterialthattellspeoplewhatthey　needtoknowtomakedecisions

（60）abouttechnologicalrisks

1.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?

（A）Riskcommunicatorsareeffectivelyaddressingtheproloferationofcomplex　　technologiesthathaveincreasingimpactonpublichealthandsafety.

（B）Riskcommunicatorsshouldassesslaypeoplesunderstandingof　　technologiesinordertobeabletogivethemtheinformationtheyneedto　　makereasonabledecisions.

（C）Expertswhowanttocommunicatetothepublicaboutthepossiblerisksof　　complextechnologiesmustsimplifytheirmessagetoensurethatitis　　understandable

（D）Riskcommunicationcanbeperceivedasthetaskofpersuadinglaypeople　　toaccepttheimpactofaparticulartechnologyontheirlives.

（E）Laypeoplecanbeundulyinfluencedbysubjectiveconcernswhenmaking　　decisionsabouttechnologicalrisks.

2.Theauthorsofthepassagewouldbemostlikelytoagreethattheprimarypurposeofriskcommunicationshouldbeto

（A）explainratherthantopersuade

（B）promoteratherthantojustify

（C）influenceexpertsratherthantoinfluencelaypeople

（D）allaypeoplesfearsaboutmundanehazardsratherthanaboutexotic　　hazards.

（E）fosterpublicacceptanceofnewtechnologiesratherthantoacknowledge　　peoplesethicalconcerns

3.Accordingtothepassage,itisprobablethatwhichoneofthefollowingwilloccurwhenriskcommunicatorsattempttocommunicatewithlaypeoplewhohavemistakenideasaboutaparticulartechnology?

（A）Thelaypeopleperceivingthattheriskcommunicatorshaveprovidedmore-　　reliableinformation,willdiscardtheirmistakennotion

（B）Thelaypeoplewillonlypartiallyrevisetheirideasonthebasisofthenew　　information

（C）Thelaypeoplefittingthenewinformationintotheirexistingframeworkwill　　interpretthecommunicationdifferentlythattheriskcommunicatorshad　　intended

（D）Thelaypeoplemisunderstandingthenewinfromationwillfurtherdistortthe　　informationwhentheycommunicateittootherlaypeople

（E）Thelaypeoplewillignoreanycommunicationaboutatechnologythey　　considerpotentiallydangerous

4.Whichoneofthefollowingismostclearlyanexampleofthekindofriskperceptiondiscussedinthe"

studies"

mentionedinline8?

（A）Askydiverchecksthelinesonherparachuteseveraltimesbeforeajump　　becausetangledlinesoftenkeeptheparachutesfromopeningproperly

（B）Apersondecidestoquitsmokinginordertolessontheprobabilityoflung　　damagetohimselfandhisfamily

（C）Ahomeownerwhodecidestohaveherhousetestedforradonalsodecides　　nottoallowanyonetosmokeinherhouse

（D）Apersonwhooftenweavesinandoutoftrafficwhiledrivinghiscarat　　excessivespeedsworriesaboutmeteoriteshittinghishouse

（E）Agroupoftownspeopleopposesthebuildingofanuclearwastedump　　outsidertheirtownandproposesthatthedumpbeplacedinanothertown.

5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorsofthepassagewouldbemorelikelythanwouldtheriskcommunicatorsdiscussedinthefirstparagraphtoemphasizewhichoneofthefollowing?

（A）laypeoplestendencytobecomealarmedabouttechnologiesthattheyfind　　neworstrange

（B）laypeoplestendencytocomparerisksthatexpertswouldnotconsider　　comparable

（C）theneedforlaypeopletoadoptscientistsadviceabouttechnologicalrisk.

（D）theinabilityoflaypeopletorankhazardsbythenumberoffatalitiescaused　　annually

（E）theimpactoflaypeoplesvaluesystemsontheirperceptionsofrisk.

6.Accordingtothepassagemanylaypeoplebelievewhichoneofthefollowingaboutriskcommunication?

（A）Itfocusesexcessivelyonmundanehazards

（B）Itisatoolusedtomanipulatethepublie

（C）Itisamajorcauseofinaccuraciesinpublicknowledgeaboutscience

（D）Itmostoftenfuncitionstohelppeoplemakeinformeddecisions

（E）Itslevelofeffectivenessdependsonthelevelofknowledgeitsaudience　　alreadyhas

　　　InApril1990representativesofthePicoKoreaUnionofelectronics　workersinBuchoncity,southKorea,traveledtotheUnitedStatesinorderto　demandjustsettlementoftheirclaimsfromtheparentcompany

（5）oftheiremployers.whoupontheformationoftheunionhadshutdown　operationswithoutpayingtheworkersfromthebeginningtheunioncause　waschampionedbyanunprecedentedcoalitionofKoreanAmericangroups　anddeeplyaffectedtheKoreanAmerican

（10）communityonseverallevels.

　　　First,itservedasarallyingfocusforadiversecommunityoftendivided　bygeneration,classandpoliticalideologies.Mostnotably,thePicocause　mobilizedmanyyoungsecond-generationKorean

（15）Americans,manyofwhomhadneverbeenpartofapoliticalcampaign　before,letaloneoneinvolvingKoreanissues.Membersofthisgeneration　unlikefirst-generationKoreanAmericans,generallyfallwithinthemore　privilegedsectorsoftheKoreanAmerican

（20）communityandoftenfeelalienatedfromtheirKoreanrootsInadditionto　raisingthepoliticalconsciousnessofyoungKoreanAmericans,thePico　strugglesparkedamongthemnewinterestintheirculturalidentityThePieo　workersalsosuggestednewrolesthatcanbe

（25）playedbyrecentimmigrants,particularlyworking-classimmigrantsThese　immigrantsknowledgeofworkingconditionsoverseascanhelptoglobalize　theperspectiveoftheircommunitiesandcanhelptoestablishinternational　tiesonamorepersonallevel,as

（30）winessedintheespeciallywarmexchangebetweenthePicoworkersand　recentworking-classimmigrantsfromChinaInadditiontobroadeningthe　politicalbasewithintheKoreanAmericancommunity,thePicostrugglealso　ledtonewalliancesbetweentheKorean

（35）Americancommunityandprograessivelaborandsocialjusticegroups　withinthelargersociety—asevidencedinthesupportreceivedfromthe　CoalitionofLaborUnionWomenandleadingAfricanAmericanuniontsts.

（40）ThereasonsfortheseeffectslieinthenatureofthecauseTheissues　raisedbythePicounionistshadsuchastronghumancomponentthat　differenceswithinthecommunitybecamesecondarytolargerconcernsfor　socialjusticeandworkersrightsTheworkers

（45）demandsforcompensat