语言学修订版测试题Word文档格式.docx

1、_.A. interrogative B. directive C. informativeD. performative4.In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎（岁岁）平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform? _.A. Inte

2、rpersonal B. Emotive C. Performative D. Recreational5.Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?A. Transferability B. D

3、ualityC. Displacement D. Arbitrariness6.Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? A nice day, isnt it? Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. EmotiveB. Phatic C. Performative D. Interpersonal7._ refers to the actual realization of the ideal langu

4、age usersknowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A. Performance B. CompetenceC. LangueD. Parole8.When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists here and now. It couldnt be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design featu

5、re of _.A. cultural transmission B. productivityC. displacement D. duality9._ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.A. Psycholinguistics B. Anthropological linguisticsC. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics10._ deals with language application to other fields, part

6、icularly education.A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguisticsC. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguisticsII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. （10%）11.Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language.1

7、2.Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.13.Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems.14.Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages.15.We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details

8、 of any language system can be genetically transmitted.16.Only human beings are able to communicate.17.F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.18.A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeares time is an example

9、 of the diachronic study of language.19. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.20.All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.III.Fill in the blanks. （10%）21. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of _ communication.22.In any language

10、words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed _.23.Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is _.24.Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal no

11、ises while performing heavy work has been called the _ theory.25.Linguistics is the _ study of language.26.Modern linguistics is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.27.One general principle of linguistic analysis i

12、s the primacy of _ over writing.28.The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study.29.Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.30.Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langue and C

13、homskys _.IV.Explain the following terms, using examples. （20%）31.Design feature 32.Displacement33.Competence 34.Synchronic linguisticsV.Answer the following questions. （20%）35.Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be

14、 if it has no such design feature? 36.Why is it difficult to define language?VI.Analyze the following situation. （20%）37.How can a linguist make his analysis scientific?Key:I.15 BACCC 610 BACACII.1115 FFTFF 1620 FFFFFIII.21. verbal22. productivity / creativity23. metalingual function24. yo-he-ho25.

15、scientific 26. descriptive27. speech 28. diachronic linguistic29. langue 30. competenceIV.Design feature: It refers to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication.32.Displacement: It means that human languages enabl

16、e their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not present （in time and space） at the moment of communication.Competence: It is an essential part of performance. It is the speakers knowledge of his or her language; that is, of its sound structure, its words, and its grammatical r

17、ules. Competence is, in a way, an encyclopedia of language. Moreover, the knowledge involved in competence is generally unconscious. A transformational-generative grammar is a model of competence.34.Synchronic linguistics: It refers to the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studi

18、ed may be either the present or a particular point in the past; synchronic analyses can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics, the study of a language over a period of time.V.Duality makes our language productive. A large numb

19、er of different units can be formed out of a small number of elements for instance, tens of thousands of words out of a small set of sounds, around 48 in the case of the English language. And out of the huge number of words, there can be astronomical number of possible sentences and phrases, which i

20、n turn can combine to form unlimited number of texts. Most animal communication systems do not have this design feature of human language.If language has no such design feature, then it will be like animal communicational system which will be highly limited. It cannot produce a very large number of

21、sound combinations, e.g. words, which are distinct in meaning.36.It is difficult to define language, as it is such a general term that covers too many things. Thus, definitions for it all have their own special emphasis, and are not totally free from limitations.VI.37.It should be guided by the four

22、 principles of science: exhaustiveness, consistency, economy and objectivity and follow the scientific procedure: form hypothesis collect data check against the observable facts come to a conclusion.Chapter 2Speech SoundsPitch variation is known as _ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. int

23、onation B. tone C. pronunciationD. voiceConventionally a _ is put in slashes （/ /）.A. allophone B. phone C. phoneme D. morphemeAn aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _ of the p phoneme.A. analogues B. tagmemes C. morphemes D. allophonesThe opening between the vocal cords is sometim

24、es referred to asA. glottisB. vocal cavity C. pharynxD. uvulaThe diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as _ diphthongs.A. wide B. closing C. narrowD. centeringA phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _.A. minimal pairsB. allomorphs C. phonesWhich br

25、anch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phoneticsC. Auditory phoneticsD. None of the aboveWhich one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. n B. m C. b D. p9. Which vowel is different from the others according to th

26、e characteristics of vowels?A. i: B. u C. e D. i What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. VoicelessB. Voiced C. Glottal stopD. ConsonantSuprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, wor

27、d and sentence.The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speech sound.Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation.