语言学修订版测试题Word文档格式.docx

语言学修订版测试题Word文档格式.docx

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__________.

A.interrogative 

B.directive 

C.informative 

D.performative

4. 

InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

______.

A.Interpersonal 

B.Emotive 

C.Performative 

D.Recreational

5. 

Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

A.Transferability 

B.Duality 

C.Displacement 

D.Arbitrariness

6. 

Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?

—Aniceday,isn’tit?

—Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

A.Emotive 

B.Phatic 

C.Performative 

D.Interpersonal

7. 

__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’s 

knowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.Performance 

B.Competence 

C.Langue 

D.Parole

8. 

Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshereandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.

A.culturaltransmission 

B.productivity 

C.displacement 

D.duality

9. 

__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.

A.Psycholinguistics 

B.Anthropologicallinguistics

C.Sociolinguistics 

D.Appliedlinguistics

10. 

__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

A.Linguistictheory 

B.Practicallinguistics

C.Appliedlinguistics 

D.Comparativelinguistics

II. 

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11. 

Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.

12. 

Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

13. 

Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.

14. 

Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

15. 

Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.

16. 

Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

17. 

F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.

18. 

AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.

19.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

20. 

Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.

III. 

Fillintheblanks.（10%）

21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.

22. 

Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.

23. 

Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.

24. 

Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.

25. 

Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

26. 

Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27. 

Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.

28. 

Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

29. 

Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30. 

LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.

IV. 

Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31. 

Designfeature32. 

Displacement

33. 

Competence34. 

Synchroniclinguistics

V. 

Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35. 

Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?

36. 

Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?

VI. 

Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37. 

Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?

Key:

I.

1~5BACCC 

6~10BACAC

II.

11~15FFTFF 

16~20FFFFF

III.

21.verbal 

22.productivity/creativity

23.metalingualfunction 

24.yo-he-ho

25.scientific 

26.descriptive

27.speech 

28.diachroniclinguistic

29.langue 

30.competence

IV.

Designfeature:

Itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.

32. 

Displacement:

Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconcepts,whicharenotpresent（intimeandspace）atthemomentofcommunication.

Competence:

Itisanessentialpartofperformance.Itisthespeaker’sknowledgeofhisorherlanguage;

thatis,ofitssoundstructure,itswords,anditsgrammaticalrules.Competenceis,inaway,anencyclopediaoflanguage.Moreover,theknowledgeinvolvedincompetenceisgenerallyunconscious.Atransformational-generativegrammarisamodelofcompetence.

34. 

Synchroniclinguistics:

Itreferstothestudyofalanguageatagivenpointintime.Thetimestudiedmaybeeitherthepresentoraparticularpointinthepast;

synchronicanalysescanalsobemadeofdeadlanguages,suchasLatin.Synchroniclinguisticsiscontrastedwithdiachroniclinguistics,thestudyofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.

V.

Dualitymakesourlanguageproductive.Alargenumberofdifferentunitscanbeformedoutofasmallnumberofelements–forinstance,tensofthousandsofwordsoutofasmallsetofsounds,around48inthecaseoftheEnglishlanguage.Andoutofthehugenumberofwords,therecanbeastronomicalnumberofpossiblesentencesandphrases,whichinturncancombinetoformunlimitednumberoftexts.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothavethisdesignfeatureofhumanlanguage.

Iflanguagehasnosuchdesignfeature,thenitwillbelikeanimalcommunicationalsystemwhichwillbehighlylimited.Itcannotproduceaverylargenumberofsoundcombinations,e.g.words,whicharedistinctinmeaning.

36.

Itisdifficulttodefinelanguage,asitissuchageneraltermthatcoverstoomanythings.Thus,definitionsforitallhavetheirownspecialemphasis,andarenottotallyfreefromlimitations.

VI.

37.

Itshouldbeguidedbythefourprinciplesofscience:

exhaustiveness,consistency,economyandobjectivityandfollowthescientificprocedure:

formhypothesis–collectdata–checkagainsttheobservablefacts–cometoaconclusion.

Chapter2 

SpeechSounds

Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.

A.intonation 

B.tone 

C.pronunciation 

D.voice

Conventionallya__________isputinslashes（//）.

A.allophone 

B.phone 

C.phoneme 

D.morpheme

Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.

A.analogues 

B.tagmemes 

C.morphemes 

D.allophones

Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas

A.glottis 

B.vocalcavity 

C.pharynx 

D.uvula

Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.

A.wide 

B.closing 

C.narrow 

D.centering

Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.

A.minimalpairs 

B.allomorphs 

C.phones 

Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

A.Acousticphonetics 

B.Articulatoryphonetics

C.Auditoryphonetics 

D.Noneoftheabove

Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

A.[n] 

B.[m] 

C.[b] 

D.[p]

9.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

A.[i:

] 

B.[u] 

C.[e] 

D.[i]

Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A.Voiceless 

B.Voiced 

C.Glottalstop 

D.Consonant

Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.

Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.

Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation.