高二讲义t3Word文档格式.docx

1、s body/ strength 强身健体，增强体质 body language 肢体语言 boil down to 意味着，归结为，基本问题是 boil sth down （to sth） 概括，归纳 in conclusion 最后，总之 in sum 总而言之 sum up 总结，概括 to sum up 总之，总而言之 in summary 总的说来，概括起来 make a comclusion 下结论 have a bone to pick with 与.争辩，对不满，对某人很生气 to the bone 到极点 born of 来源于 Bottoms up!=cheers干杯 at

2、 the bottom of 在.底部，末端 from the bottom of ones heart 发自内心 be bound to do一定，注定 be bound up in 专注于，忙于 be bound up with 与.有密切关系 bow out 退出 make/earn ones bread =make a living =earn ones living谋生 out of bread /work/employ失业 break away from 脱离 break down 损坏，（把化合物）分解，（汽车）抛锚，垮掉 break in 非法闯入，插嘴，打断 break in

3、to 破门而入，非法闯入 break off 打断，折断，中断（谈话） break out （战争，火灾，疾病）突发 break through 冲破，突破 break up 分解，分裂 out/short of breath 上气不接下气,气喘吁吁 feel a breath of spring 感到春天的气息 catch/hold ones breath 摒住呼吸 bring about 带来，引起，导致 bring back 把.拿回来，归还，使回忆起来，使恢复 bring .back to life 使复生 bring.to life 使复活，给.活力 suck the life ou

4、t of 吸干.的活力，吞噬.的生命 bring down 使落下，打倒，降低，减少 bring in 收（庄稼）=get sth in，引进（风尚，话题），挣得（利润） bring sth off 成功地做完 bring on 使前进，使发展 bring out 取出来，使出现，出版, 阐明=set out 出版 sth come off the press（印刷，印刷机） sth appear sth be published sth come out sb bring out sth bring up 教育，培养，抚养=raise, 提出，呕吐=sick up=throw up=vomi

5、t build on 把.建立于，依赖 build up 逐步建立，增进，积聚 bump along 颠簸着行进 bump into =come across=run into=run across=meet up with=come on sb/sth= come upon sb/sth=encounter sb/sth 偶遇 meet with=run up against 遭遇 sth burn down =burn sth down =sth be burned to the ground =sth burn to the ground 烧毁，烧成平地,夷为平地 burst forth

6、 突发，爆发，冒出 burst in 闯入，突然出现，插嘴，打断 burst into 闯入，突然（哭、笑）.起来 dissolve into laughter/tears 禁不住哭、笑起来 set off 使开始笑、哭、说起来 burst out 突然.起来，（战争，疾病）突发 by and by 不久之后 by day 日间，在白天 C Chinese cabbage 大白菜 cable（n 缆绳，电缆 ，电报 v 给.发电报） car 缆车 cable railway 缆车铁道 cable television 有线电视 cable ship 海底电缆铺设船 cable sb. mone

7、y 电汇给某人钱 calculate on/upon =count on =depend on =rely on指望，预期 call back 回电话，取消 call for 要求，需要，（去某处）接人、物，请求，呼吁 call in 叫某人进入，邀请，召来 call out 大声叫，叫/请某人 call up 打电话给，（使）想起，征召 cannot but 不得不 cannot /never too 越.越好，.总不嫌过分 garbage can 垃圾桶 can opener 开罐器 carry =cover 报道新闻 carry off 携走，夺走 carry on 继续，坚持下去 ca

8、rry out 执行，落实（计划，命令） carry through 完成，把.进行到底，使渡过难关 in any case 无论如何 in case of sth/ in case that如果，假使 for fear of sth / for fear that + 句子/ lest that + sb （shoould） do 以免，惟恐 in no case 绝不 in this/that case 如果这样/那样 pay in cash/by cheque 用现金/支票付款 cast 向.投以（笑容，视线），投射（光、影），扔，掷，抛，投票cast ones vote for sb,

9、浇铸，铸造，选派角色（cast sb as sth）由.主演star sb send/cast sb. into prison 把.送进监狱 cast a net 撒网 cast down 使沮丧 a castle in the air 空中楼阁，空想 catch at 想抓住 catch up （with） 赶上，超过,（终于）惩罚某人定语从句一概念由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。关 系 词所 指 先 行 词在 从 句 中 所 担 成 分关系代词that事，物，人，时间，地点，原因主，表，

10、宾whichwho人whom表，宾whose事，物，人定as副词when时间状where地点why原因二. 各关系代词的使用方法关系代词通常有下列三个作用：（1）引导定语从句；（2）代替先行词；（3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。1who（whom） who代人，在从句中担任主语，也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom，前面不能有介词。如有介词则必用whom（结构：介词+whom）。 The girl who is in red is Mary. She is the girl （who/whom ） I met that day. The doctor to whom she turned for h

11、elp is very famous.注意: 先行词是指人的不定代词时， 如 one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, none 等, 指人用who。 Those who are against put up your hands. Wed better not believe in anyone who we dont know.例题: Anyone _ breaks the the law should be punished.A. who B. that C. which D. whom2. whose是代词的所有格，既可代人，又可代物。 I saw a wom

12、an whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book whose cover is red.当whose的先行词指物时，可以用 the + n. + of which结构代替. He studies in a school whose buildings are built on the top of a hill. =He studies in a school the buildings of which are built on the top of a hill.例题：George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wro

13、te many political novels and essays.Athe real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name在限定性定语从句中，which和that都指物时，可通用。在从句中做宾语时可省略。3that以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。（1）当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, few, none, , anything, nothing，everything等时 （something后可以用which）。 I am interested in everythi

14、ng that I dont know.（2）先行词既指人又指物时。They talked about things and persons that they remembered.（3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。（4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, any, every, no ,all等修饰时。He is the only person that I want to see now.Theres no difficulty that we cant overcome.（5）先行词是疑问词who, what, which时或先行词在由whic

15、h, who等引导的特殊疑问句时。Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? Who is the man that hes talking with?（6）关系词在从句中作表语时。He is not that man that he was.（他已不是过去的他了）=He is not what he used to be. （7） 当先行词前有such 或the same 修饰, 先行词和关系代词指同一物时。 This is the same pen that I used yesterday.This is the very pla

16、ce _ Im going to live in next month.A. where B. which C. that D. in whichI have found the same boy _ I met with last week.A. as B. that C. when D. than4. which（1）引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时,只用which，不用that。Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light to carry.The weather turned out to be good, which was more than

17、 we could expect.（2）如果句中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that, 另一个最好用which。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.（3）先行词本身就是that时。 I have that which you gave me. （4）介词之后须用which。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.（5）先行词为物，且被that或those修饰时，通常用which。如：That book whi

18、ch Tom bought yesterday is useful.（6）先行词后有插入语时。Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help improve your English.John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. A. he B. this C. which D. who 5as （1）as通常与the same, such, so或as搭配使用。Such books as you tell me are i

19、nteresting.（2）位于句首的定语从句用as引导。 As everybody knows, all that glitters is not gold.（3） 从句中的谓语动词是describe, do, tell, know, expect，see, hear, watch, say, show等实义动词时，用as。As we all know, Shakespeare is a famous writer.To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.There is great disorder, as the

20、 newspapers will have told you.（4）as常解释为“正如.的那样”, “ 正像.”。 如：as is known to all, as we all know, as often happens, as has been said before, as was expected, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as is reported / imagined/ pointed out/, as is often the case等。As is often the case , he tells a lie.1.

21、The teacher set such a difficult question as no one can answer. （ 定语从句）The teacher set such a difficult question that no one can answer it. （ 状语从句） 2.as与which 引导的非限制性定语从句要注意区别，as引导的从句可以放在句首、句中、句尾，而which 引导的从句不能放在句首。三关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词通常有下列作用：（1）在从句中担任状语，起副词和介词短语的作用。（2）起连接作用，把两个句子连接主从复合句。关系副词when, where

22、, why 的含义相当于“介词+which” 结构。Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.Is this the reason why / for which he refused our offer?注：在一些和介词搭配的名词后面，在从句中做状语的关系副词往往用where, 如，case, occasion, point, dream , situation, system, opinion, stage 等。I can think of many cases where / in which students obviously knew a

23、 lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. The price of any product is linked to a complicated system of prices where everything depends on everything else.The birthday party is the occasion where you wear the evening dress. I work in a business almost everyone is waiting

24、for a great chance.A. how B. which C. where D. that 四“介词+ 关系代词”结构的用法1“介词+ 关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句， 介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with , to, at , of , without 等，关系代词只可用whom 或which, 不可用that。This is the hero of whom we are proud.He stood near the window through which you could see the small rive

25、r.Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided?In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. by which time many people have gone home. There are two buildings, _stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the

26、 larger of which2. from where 为“介词+ 关系副词”结构， 但也可以引导定语从句。We stood at the top of the hill, from where stood a big tall tree.五限制性和非限制性定语从句 （1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性

27、） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） （2） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没领会我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关

28、系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。六两个特殊的关系代词1 but可被看作关系代词，引导定语从句，在句中作主语，在意义上相当于 who not或that not，即用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后，构成双重否定。 （1）There is no mother but loves her children没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。 （2）There was no one present but knew the story already在场的人都知道这个故事。2 than作关系代词时，一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中，其结构为形容词比较级（more）than从句，than在从句中作主语，相当于that，代表它前面的先行词，兼有连词和代词的性质。He got more money than was wanted他得到了更多的钱。七定语从句和强调句的判断