考研英语一真题和答案解析原题 答案解析 详解Word格式.docx

1、SwissScientists have found that exposure _（8） this hormone puts us in a trusting _（9）: In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _（10） who inhaled something else._

2、（11） for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _（12） us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _（13） a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each _（14） to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “Wh

3、ats in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look _ （15）. Half of them found a toy; the other half _ （16）the container was empty-and realized the tester had _（17） them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were

4、_ （18） to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _ （19）, only five of the 30 children paired with the _（20）tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. Aon Blike Cfor Dfrom2. Afaith Bconcern Cattention Dinterest3. Abenefit Bdebt Chope Dpr

5、ice4. ATherefore BThen CInstead DAgain5. AUntil BUnless CAlthoughDWhen6. Aselects Bproduces Capplies Dmaintains7. Aconsult Bcompete Cconnect Dcompare8. Aat Bby CofDto9. Acontext Bmood Cperiod Dcircle10. Acounterparts Bsubstitutes Ccolleagues Dsupporters11. AFunny BLucky COdd DIronic12. Amonitor Bpro

6、tect Csurprise Ddelight13. Abetween Bwithin Ctoward Dover14. Atransferred Badded Cintroduced Dentrusted15. Aout Bback Caround Dinside16. Adiscovered Bproved Cinsisted Dremembered17. Abetrayed Bwronged Cfooled Dmocked18. Aforced Bwilling Chesitant Dentitled19. AIn contrast BAs a result COn the whole

7、DFor instance20. Ainflexible Bincapable Cunreliable DunsuitableSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the m

8、iddle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle cla

9、ss disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Op

10、timists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should event

11、ually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking educa

12、tion and job training. Curriculums from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online educat

13、ion can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism:

14、Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will

15、 invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost income

16、s, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our

17、jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.【题干】Who will be most threatened by automation?ALeading politicians.BLow-wage laborers.CRobot owners.DMiddle-class workers.22 .【题干】Which of the following best represent the authors view?AWorries about automation are in fa

18、ct groundless.BOptimists opinions on new tech find little support.CIssues arising from automation need to be tackledDNegative consequences of new tech can be avoided23.【题干】Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on_.Acreative potential.Bjob-hunting skills.Cindividual needs.Dcoope

19、rative spirit.24.【题干】The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at_.Aencouraging the development of automation.Bincreasing the return on capital investment.Ceasing the hostility between rich and poor.Dpreventing the income gap from widening.25.【题干】In this text, the author presents a problem with

20、_.Apposing views on it.Bpossible solutions to it.Cits alarming impacts.Dits major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trumps use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to b

21、e filtered through other source, Not a presidents social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential

22、campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for Buzz Feed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young peo

23、ple who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different persp

24、ectivesespecially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Bri

25、tain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young peoples reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of

26、their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About

27、 a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social mediaIn other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxann

28、e Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills and in their choices on when to share on social media.26.【题干】According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on【选项】Athe ju

29、stification of the news-filtering practice.Bpeoples preference for social media platforms.Cthe administrations ability to handle information.Dsocial media was a reliable source of news.27.【题干】The phrase “beer up”（Line 2, Para.2） is closest in meaning to【选项】AAsharpenBdefineCboastDshare28.【题干】According to the knight foundation survey, young peopleAtend to voice their opinions in cyberspa