考研英语一真题和答案解析原题 答案解析 详解Word格式.docx

考研英语一真题和答案解析原题 答案解析 详解Word格式.docx

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Swiss 

Scientistshavefoundthatexposure_____（8）thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____（9）:

Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;

thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____（10）whoinhaledsomethingelse.

_____（11）forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_____（12）us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____（13）acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach_____（14）toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What'

sinhere?

”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!

”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____（15）.Halfofthemfoundatoy;

theotherhalf_____（16）thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____（17）them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____（18）tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____（19）,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"

_____（20）"

testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.

1.A．onB．likeC．forD．from

2.A．faithB．concernC．attentionD．interest

3.A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．price

4.A．ThereforeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again

5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．Although 

D．When

6.A．selectsB．producesC．appliesD．maintains

7.A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compare

8.A．atB．byC．of 

D．to

9.A．contextB．moodC．periodD．circle

10.A．counterpartsB．substitutesC．colleaguesD．supporters

11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．Ironic

12.A．monitorB．protectC．surpriseD．delight

13.A．betweenB．withinC．towardD．over

14.A．transferredB．addedC．introducedD．entrusted

15.A．outB．backC．aroundD．inside

16.A．discoveredB．provedC．insistedD．remembered

17.A．betrayedB．wrongedC．fooledD．mocked

18.A．forcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled

19.A．IncontrastB．AsaresultC．OnthewholeD．Forinstance

20.A．inflexibleB．incapableC．unreliableD．unsuitable

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET. 

（40points）

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:

Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

Don'

tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'

tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'

ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'

tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:

Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'

tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:

Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

21.【题干】Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

A．Leadingpoliticians.

B．Low-wagelaborers.

C．Robotowners.

D．Middle-classworkers.

22. 

【题干】Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'

sview?

A．Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

B．Optimists'

opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

C．Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

D．Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

23.【题干】Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison_____.

A．creativepotential.

B．job-huntingskills.

C．individualneeds.

D．cooperativespirit.

24.【题干】Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat_____.

A．encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

B．increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

C．easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

D．preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.

25. 

【题干】Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith_____.

A．pposingviewsonit.

B．possiblesolutionstoit.

C．itsalarmingimpacts.

D．itsmajorvariations.

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'

suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident'

ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'

srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia．Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

26.【题干】AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson 

【选项】

A．thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

B．people'

spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

C．theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

D．socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.【题干】Thephrase“beerup”（Line2,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto 

【选项】A

A．sharpen

B．define

C．boast

D．share

28.【题干】Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople 

A．tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspa