锅炉的给水及排污系统.ppt

1、CFB 锅炉的汽水系统The Water&Steam system of CFB Boiler,1 汽水系统的主要组件 包括：各种阀门、连接管道、联箱、省煤器、过热器、减温器、水冷壁、汽包等。1.The main components of steam&water systemInclude:All kinds of valves,Connecting pipes,headers,Economizer,superheaters,Temperature reducers,Water cooled wall,Steam drum and so on,锅炉本体水、汽侧流程：给水省煤器进口集箱省煤器管

2、束省煤器出口集箱锅筒下 降管水冷壁下集箱上升管水冷壁上集箱汽水连接管锅筒饱和蒸汽引出管吊挂管入口集箱吊挂管管束低温过热器入口集箱低温过热器管束喷水减温器高温过热器管束高温过热器出口集箱连接管汇汽集箱Process of water-steam side of boiler proper Feedwater-Economizer inlet header-Economizer pipeline-Economizer outlet header-Drum-Downcomer-Waterwall lower header-Riser-Waterwall upper header-Steam-wate

3、r connecting tube-Drum-Saturated steam introducing pipe-Inlet header of suspension tube-Suspension tube bundles-Inlet header of low-temperature superheater-Tube bundles of low-temperature superheater-Spray desuperheater-Tube bundles of high-temperature superheater-Outlet header of high-temperature s

4、uperheater-Connecting tube-Steam-collected header,汽水系统的主要部件 The main parts of water&steam system,1.水冷壁 Water wall1.1水冷壁的结构 The structure of the water cooled wall水冷壁是由水冷壁管和钢翅片一个挨一个焊接到一起形成的，悬挂在钢架顶部的大板梁上The water cooled wall consists of pipes and steel bars welded together one by one,suspended on the c

5、rossbeam of the steel frame.,1.2水冷壁的作用 The function of the water cooled wall水冷壁合拢在一起形成炉膛，提供燃料燃烧的空间，水冷壁管内的水吸收炉膛内燃料燃烧产生的热量，这个过程就形成了热交换。The water cooled wall folded together to form the furnace,provide a place where fuel be combusted,and water in pipes absorb heat energy emitted by combustion,so carry

6、out the process of heat transfer,2.水冷屏 Water cooled screen2.1水冷屏的安装位置 The position of the water cooled screen 通常水冷屏悬挂在炉膛上部，靠近前墙的位置Ordinarily,The water cooled screen suspended in the upper furnace near the front water cooled wall.2.2水冷壁和水冷屏之间的区别What is the difference between the water wall and the Wa

7、ter cooled screen水冷壁只能从向着炉膛内的那一面吸收热量，然而水冷屏可以从任何方向吸收热量The water cooled wall absorb heat energy only from one side which towards the furnace,while the water cooled screen can absorb heat energy from any direction.,3.省煤器 Economizer 3.1压火的时候怎样来保护省器 How to protect the economizer when banking fire？drumEco

8、nomizer在汽包和省煤器之间有一个再循环管道，当压火的时候，炉膛和竖烟道内还保持着较高的温度，省煤器内的蒸发作还用还在进行，但这时锅炉有可能已停止上水，因此再循环管道上的阀门必须打开，以保证汽包和省煤器之间有水循环存在，否则省煤器内的水将蒸发干，管子有可能因高温膨胀而变形，在再此上水时还有可能发生爆管。There is re-circulating pipe Between Steam drum and economizer,When banking fire,the furnace and Vertical flue are still kept on high temperature,

9、evaporation in economizer is still going on，but feeding water may not need,so valves on the circulating pipe must kept open,thus form the natural re-circulation between the steam drum and the economizer,otherwise water in the economizer will dry and pipes distorted by expansion stress，and may happen

10、 explosion when re-feeding water on a high temperature.,2、按蛇形管在烟道中的放置方式分：（1）纵向布置：蛇形管垂直于后墙。（2）横向布置：蛇形管平行于后墙。,4.汽包 Steam drum4.1汽包的作用 The function of the steam drum汽包是汽水系统的心脏，它有一个较大的容积，能够用来吸收汽水系统压力和水位的波动。Steam drum is the heart of steam water system,it has a relatively big volume,which can absorb the

11、fluctuation of pressure and water level,在汽包里面安装有许多设备，用来改善汽水品质，汽包上还安装有安全附件，来确保设备的安全。In the drum install many devices to improve the quality of steam and water,and install safe device to increase security of boiler.,4.2汽包的一些技术细节 The technological details of the steam drum:汽包内平行安装有两排汽水分离器，防止蒸汽带水To inst

12、all steam-water separator,prevent water from carrying out by steam two lines in parallel layout.安装连续排污管，排出高浓度污水，维持炉品质合格To install continuous discharge waste water pipe,blow down the high consistence waste water to maintain to quality of boiler water安装有磷酸盐加药管To install chemical-dosing tube in the dru

13、m（the chemical usually is trisodium phosphate Na3 PO4）,安装有就地和远传水位计，用来监视水位To install water meter on the drum,for watching the water level汽包上有三个安全附件，压力表，水位计，安全阀The three kinds of important safety auxiliary parts Pressure meter,water level meter and safety valve,5.减温器 Temperature reducer5.1喷水减温器的结构The

14、structure of a spray water temperature reducerWater comes from feed-water flat floor,5.2为什么不把减温水直接喷在减温器的内壁，而是喷在一个套管上Why do not spray water on the inner surface of the reducer directly,instead of spraying water on the sleeve 在喷水减温器里面都会有一个套管，水喷喷在套管上，蒸发并和高温蒸汽混合，减温器的壁很厚，如果直接把水喷在它的内壁上，将会产生应力，降低它的强度。There

15、 is a sleeve in the spray water temperature reducer,water spray on the inner surface of the sleeve,evaporate and mix with high temperature steam,the temperature reducer has a thick wall,if spray water on the inner wall directly,it will causes large stress,and degrades the intensity of the wall.,另一种减

16、温器表面式减温器The another kind of temperature reducersurface type temperature reducer,这种减温器热交换发生在蛇形管的表面，蛇形管内的冷却水来自给水泵，吸热之后在前进入省煤器之前与锅炉主给水混合。In this kind of temperature reducer,heat exchange occurs on the surface of snake pipes,water in the snake pipes come from feed water pump,absorb heat energy,then，mix

17、with the main feed water before going into the economizer.,6.过热器 Superheater 过热器的作用是将饱和蒸汽进行加热，通过提高其温度增加其内能，提高其做功的品质。过热器包括低温过器和高温过热器，两级过热器之间布置有减温器。低温过热器一般布置在尾部坚井烟道内，其材质一般用锅炉钢。高温过热器一般布置在炉膛出口，或布置在炉膛顶部，材料一般选用合金钢。The function of the superheater is to heat the saturated steam,increase its energy by increa

18、sing its temperature,so as to improve the quality for doing work.Usually,a boiler includes low temperature superheater and high temperature superheater,and there is at least one grade of temperature reducer between the two.Low temperature superheater usually settled in the vertical flue,its material

19、 is usually boiler steel.The high temperature superheater is usually installed at the outlet of the furnace or at the upper position of the furnace near the roof,it is usually manufactured of alloy steel.,饱各蒸汽从汽包出业后先经过低过，加热到有一定的过热度后，再经过减温器进行降温，然后再经过高温过热器加热到合适的温度。The saturated steam passes through th

20、e low temperature superheater first when comes from the drum,here,heated to some over temperature,then through the reducer to decrease the temperature,finally,passes the high temperature superheater heated to a proper temperature.,过热器壁温计算结果 高温过热器中蒸汽、烟气温度最高点：A点壁温567。低温过热器中蒸汽、烟气温度最高点：B点壁温468。低过中15CrMo

21、G和20G/GB5310钢对接点：C点壁温387 Calculation results of superheater wall temperature In the high-temperature superheater,the highest point of the steam,smoke temperature:Point A,wall temperature is 567.In the low-temperature superheater,the highest point of the steam,smoke temperature:Point B,wall temperatu

22、re is 468.In the low-temperature superheater,the steel joint point of 15CrMoG and 20G/GB5310:Point C,wall temperature is 387.,过热器最常见的事故是超温，常期超温会使管子发生蠕胀变形，并发生爆管。另一个问题是磨损，降低磨损的措施有两个，一是在迎风面加装防磨瓦，另一个方法是进行防磨喷涂。The most familiar accident for the superheater is exceeding the rated temperature,which will ca

23、use squirming expansion of the pipes,and occurs explosion.There is a problem which is a headache for designers,abrasion,recently,has made a breakthrough on solving this problem.One is installation of tile on the heating surface toward the coming direction of the flue gas,the other is spraying melted

24、 alloy steel which has a higher rigidity on the heating surface.Problems thinkingWhere is the division between low temperature and high temperature superheaterThe other types of superheaterWhat is the difference between the membrane type and the smooth pipe type?Where does the ordinary temperature s

25、uperheater usually settled in?,锅炉上水注意事项,1.1锅炉的汽水系统安装完毕Complete installation of steam water system of boiler1.2汽水系统试压和试车合格Qualified hydraulic pressure test and commissioning of feed water system1.3 化水车间具备条件供应合格的化学水Water treatment workshop has prepared to supply qualified water1.4 从化水车间到锅炉的供水管道已清洗干净（管

26、内没有泥土、砂子、铁锈和焊渣）All the pipes have been washed from water treatment shop to the boiler(no mud,sands,rust,weld dregs)1.5 所有压力表、流量表、液位计、电动阀、气动阀安装完毕，调试合格All the pressure meters,flow meters,level meters,motor driven or pneumatic valves have been installed and adjusted qualified,2锅炉和它的附属管道，从给水系统最后一道阀门开始到锅

27、炉出口第一道电动主汽阀止。包括：水冷壁、汽包、过热器、省煤器、所有联箱以及联箱的连接管、以及锅炉本体所有的附属管道（包括：过热器疏水、减温器疏水、事故放水管道、放空气管道、取样管道、加药管道、连续排污管道、定期排污管道）The boiler and its auxiliary pipes,from the last valve of feed water system to the motor driven main steam valve which installed at the outlet of the boiler.including:water walls,steam drum,

28、super-heaters,economizer,all the headers and its connecting pipes,all the auxiliary pipes(super-heater drainage pipes,temperature reducer drainage pipes,accidental discharge water pipe,discharge air pipes,sample pipes,chemical dosing pipe,continued discharge waste water pipes,periodical discharge wa

29、ste water pipes),3 步骤Steps 3.1 启动给水泵，给锅炉上水，控制给水温度不超过70Start up the feed water pump,supply water to boiler slowly,control the temperature of water no more than 703.2 当有从排气管上冒出时，关闭这个管道上的排气阀When water spray out from a discharge air pipe,then close the valves on it3.3当汽包水位0时，停止上水，停掉给水泵，关闭给水系统的所有阀门，最后关阀最

30、高处的空气阀 When the discharge air pipe which on the highest position spray water level 0,stop pumping water,shut down the pump,close all the valves on the feed water pipes and then the highest valve on the discharge air pipe;,锅炉的排污系统,锅炉连排、定排的投入与解列 The putting in and disconnection of continuous valves an

31、d periodical valves of boiler 为保持受热面内部清洁及保证合格蒸汽品质，必须对锅炉进行排污，使炉水及蒸汽品质维持在规定范围内。In order to keep cleanness of the inner part of heating surface and insure steam quality,the boiler must be blown down to maintain the boiler water and steam quality in regulated range.,2.9.1 排污种类：连续排污和定期排污。2.9.1 Kinds of b

32、lowdown:continuous blowdown and periodical blowdown 2.9.2 连续排污量大小由化学根据汽水品质掌握，用调整门控制，同时应与司炉取得联系。2.9.2 Continuous blowdown volume is held by chemical according to steam water quality and controlled be adjustable valve,at the same time,boiler operator should be connected.2.9.3 定期排污由运行人员操作。为保护一次门，先全开一次门

33、、后全开二次门。关闭时先关闭二次门、后关一次门，排污时间30秒。排污时间不宜过长，以免破坏水循环。2.9.3 Periodical blowdown is operated by operator.Full open primary valve and then secondary valve in order to protect primary valve.Firstly close secondary valve and then secondary valve during closing.The time of blowdown is 30 seconds and should not too long in order to avoid destroying the water circulation.2.9.4 定期排污一般每周一次，同时根据化学通知增加定排次数。2.9.4