锅炉的给水及排污系统.ppt
《锅炉的给水及排污系统.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《锅炉的给水及排污系统.ppt（57页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
CFB锅炉的汽水系统TheWater&SteamsystemofCFBBoiler,1汽水系统的主要组件包括：
各种阀门、连接管道、联箱、省煤器、过热器、减温器、水冷壁、汽包等。
1.Themaincomponentsofsteam&watersystemInclude:
Allkindsofvalves,Connectingpipes,headers,Economizer,superheaters,Temperaturereducers,Watercooledwall,Steamdrumandsoon,锅炉本体水、汽侧流程：
给水省煤器进口集箱省煤器管束省煤器出口集箱锅筒下降管水冷壁下集箱上升管水冷壁上集箱汽水连接管锅筒饱和蒸汽引出管吊挂管入口集箱吊挂管管束低温过热器入口集箱低温过热器管束喷水减温器高温过热器管束高温过热器出口集箱连接管汇汽集箱Processofwater-steamsideofboilerproperFeedwater-Economizerinletheader-Economizerpipeline-Economizeroutletheader-Drum-Downcomer-Waterwalllowerheader-Riser-Waterwallupperheader-Steam-waterconnectingtube-Drum-Saturatedsteamintroducingpipe-Inletheaderofsuspensiontube-Suspensiontubebundles-Inletheaderoflow-temperaturesuperheater-Tubebundlesoflow-temperaturesuperheater-Spraydesuperheater-Tubebundlesofhigh-temperaturesuperheater-Outletheaderofhigh-temperaturesuperheater-Connectingtube-Steam-collectedheader,汽水系统的主要部件Themainpartsofwater&steamsystem,1.水冷壁Waterwall1.1水冷壁的结构Thestructureofthewatercooledwall水冷壁是由水冷壁管和钢翅片一个挨一个焊接到一起形成的，悬挂在钢架顶部的大板梁上Thewatercooledwallconsistsofpipesandsteelbarsweldedtogetheronebyone,suspendedonthecrossbeamofthesteelframe.,1.2水冷壁的作用Thefunctionofthewatercooledwall水冷壁合拢在一起形成炉膛，提供燃料燃烧的空间，水冷壁管内的水吸收炉膛内燃料燃烧产生的热量，这个过程就形成了热交换。
Thewatercooledwallfoldedtogethertoformthefurnace,provideaplacewherefuelbecombusted,andwaterinpipesabsorbheatenergyemittedbycombustion,socarryouttheprocessofheattransfer,2.水冷屏Watercooledscreen2.1水冷屏的安装位置Thepositionofthewatercooledscreen通常水冷屏悬挂在炉膛上部，靠近前墙的位置Ordinarily,Thewatercooledscreensuspendedintheupperfurnacenearthefrontwatercooledwall.2.2水冷壁和水冷屏之间的区别WhatisthedifferencebetweenthewaterwallandtheWatercooledscreen水冷壁只能从向着炉膛内的那一面吸收热量，然而水冷屏可以从任何方向吸收热量Thewatercooledwallabsorbheatenergyonlyfromonesidewhichtowardsthefurnace,whilethewatercooledscreencanabsorbheatenergyfromanydirection.,3.省煤器Economizer3.1压火的时候怎样来保护省器Howtoprotecttheeconomizerwhenbankingfire？
drumEconomizer在汽包和省煤器之间有一个再循环管道，当压火的时候，炉膛和竖烟道内还保持着较高的温度，省煤器内的蒸发作还用还在进行，但这时锅炉有可能已停止上水，因此再循环管道上的阀门必须打开，以保证汽包和省煤器之间有水循环存在，否则省煤器内的水将蒸发干，管子有可能因高温膨胀而变形，在再此上水时还有可能发生爆管。
Thereisre-circulatingpipeBetweenSteamdrumandeconomizer,Whenbankingfire,thefurnaceandVerticalfluearestillkeptonhightemperature,evaporationineconomizerisstillgoingon，butfeedingwatermaynotneed,sovalvesonthecirculatingpipemustkeptopen,thusformthenaturalre-circulationbetweenthesteamdrumandtheeconomizer,otherwisewaterintheeconomizerwilldryandpipesdistortedbyexpansionstress，andmayhappenexplosionwhenre-feedingwateronahightemperature.,2、按蛇形管在烟道中的放置方式分：
（1）纵向布置：
蛇形管垂直于后墙。
（2）横向布置：
蛇形管平行于后墙。
4.汽包Steamdrum4.1汽包的作用Thefunctionofthesteamdrum汽包是汽水系统的心脏，它有一个较大的容积，能够用来吸收汽水系统压力和水位的波动。
Steamdrumistheheartofsteamwatersystem,ithasarelativelybigvolume,whichcanabsorbthefluctuationofpressureandwaterlevel,在汽包里面安装有许多设备，用来改善汽水品质，汽包上还安装有安全附件，来确保设备的安全。
Inthedruminstallmanydevicestoimprovethequalityofsteamandwater,andinstallsafedevicetoincreasesecurityofboiler.,4.2汽包的一些技术细节Thetechnologicaldetailsofthesteamdrum:
汽包内平行安装有两排汽水分离器，防止蒸汽带水Toinstallsteam-waterseparator,preventwaterfromcarryingoutbysteamtwolinesinparallellayout.安装连续排污管，排出高浓度污水，维持炉品质合格Toinstallcontinuousdischargewastewaterpipe,blowdownthehighconsistencewastewatertomaintaintoqualityofboilerwater安装有磷酸盐加药管Toinstallchemical-dosingtubeinthedrum（thechemicalusuallyistrisodiumphosphateNa3PO4）,安装有就地和远传水位计，用来监视水位Toinstallwatermeteronthedrum,forwatchingthewaterlevel汽包上有三个安全附件，压力表，水位计，安全阀ThethreekindsofimportantsafetyauxiliarypartsPressuremeter,waterlevelmeterandsafetyvalve,5.减温器Temperaturereducer5.1喷水减温器的结构ThestructureofaspraywatertemperaturereducerWatercomesfromfeed-waterflatfloor,5.2为什么不把减温水直接喷在减温器的内壁，而是喷在一个套管上Whydonotspraywaterontheinnersurfaceofthereducerdirectly,insteadofsprayingwateronthesleeve在喷水减温器里面都会有一个套管，水喷喷在套管上，蒸发并和高温蒸汽混合，减温器的壁很厚，如果直接把水喷在它的内壁上，将会产生应力，降低它的强度。
Thereisasleeveinthespraywatertemperaturereducer,watersprayontheinnersurfaceofthesleeve,evaporateandmixwithhightemperaturesteam,thetemperaturereducerhasathickwall,ifspraywaterontheinnerwalldirectly,itwillcauseslargestress,anddegradestheintensityofthewall.,另一种减温器表面式减温器Theanotherkindoftemperaturereducersurfacetypetemperaturereducer,这种减温器热交换发生在蛇形管的表面，蛇形管内的冷却水来自给水泵，吸热之后在前进入省煤器之前与锅炉主给水混合。
Inthiskindoftemperaturereducer,heatexchangeoccursonthesurfaceofsnakepipes,waterinthesnakepipescomefromfeedwaterpump,absorbheatenergy,then，mixwiththemainfeedwaterbeforegoingintotheeconomizer.,6.过热器Superheater过热器的作用是将饱和蒸汽进行加热，通过提高其温度增加其内能，提高其做功的品质。
过热器包括低温过器和高温过热器，两级过热器之间布置有减温器。
低温过热器一般布置在尾部坚井烟道内，其材质一般用锅炉钢。
高温过热器一般布置在炉膛出口，或布置在炉膛顶部，材料一般选用合金钢。
Thefunctionofthesuperheateristoheatthesaturatedsteam,increaseitsenergybyincreasingitstemperature,soastoimprovethequalityfordoingwork.Usually,aboilerincludeslowtemperaturesuperheaterandhightemperaturesuperheater,andthereisatleastonegradeoftemperaturereducerbetweenthetwo.Lowtemperaturesuperheaterusuallysettledintheverticalflue,itsmaterialisusuallyboilersteel.Thehightemperaturesuperheaterisusuallyinstalledattheoutletofthefurnaceorattheupperpositionofthefurnaceneartheroof,itisusuallymanufacturedofalloysteel.,饱各蒸汽从汽包出业后先经过低过，加热到有一定的过热度后，再经过减温器进行降温，然后再经过高温过热器加热到合适的温度。
Thesaturatedsteampassesthroughthelowtemperaturesuperheaterfirstwhencomesfromthedrum,here,heatedtosomeovertemperature,thenthroughthereducertodecreasethetemperature,finally,passesthehightemperaturesuperheaterheatedtoapropertemperature.,过热器壁温计算结果高温过热器中蒸汽、烟气温度最高点：
A点壁温567。
低温过热器中蒸汽、烟气温度最高点：
B点壁温468。
低过中15CrMoG和20G/GB5310钢对接点：
C点壁温387CalculationresultsofsuperheaterwalltemperatureInthehigh-temperaturesuperheater,thehighestpointofthesteam,smoketemperature:
PointA,walltemperatureis567.Inthelow-temperaturesuperheater,thehighestpointofthesteam,smoketemperature:
PointB,walltemperatureis468.Inthelow-temperaturesuperheater,thesteeljointpointof15CrMoGand20G/GB5310:
PointC,walltemperatureis387.,过热器最常见的事故是超温，常期超温会使管子发生蠕胀变形，并发生爆管。
另一个问题是磨损，降低磨损的措施有两个，一是在迎风面加装防磨瓦，另一个方法是进行防磨喷涂。
Themostfamiliaraccidentforthesuperheaterisexceedingtheratedtemperature,whichwillcausesquirmingexpansionofthepipes,andoccursexplosion.Thereisaproblemwhichisaheadachefordesigners,abrasion,recently,hasmadeabreakthroughonsolvingthisproblem.Oneisinstallationoftileontheheatingsurfacetowardthecomingdirectionofthefluegas,theotherissprayingmeltedalloysteelwhichhasahigherrigidityontheheatingsurface.ProblemsthinkingWhereisthedivisionbetweenlowtemperatureandhightemperaturesuperheaterTheothertypesofsuperheaterWhatisthedifferencebetweenthemembranetypeandthesmoothpipetype?
Wheredoestheordinarytemperaturesuperheaterusuallysettledin?
锅炉上水注意事项,1.1锅炉的汽水系统安装完毕Completeinstallationofsteamwatersystemofboiler1.2汽水系统试压和试车合格Qualifiedhydraulicpressuretestandcommissioningoffeedwatersystem1.3化水车间具备条件供应合格的化学水Watertreatmentworkshophaspreparedtosupplyqualifiedwater1.4从化水车间到锅炉的供水管道已清洗干净（管内没有泥土、砂子、铁锈和焊渣）Allthepipeshavebeenwashedfromwatertreatmentshoptotheboiler（nomud,sands,rust,welddregs）1.5所有压力表、流量表、液位计、电动阀、气动阀安装完毕，调试合格Allthepressuremeters,flowmeters,levelmeters,motordrivenorpneumaticvalveshavebeeninstalledandadjustedqualified,2锅炉和它的附属管道，从给水系统最后一道阀门开始到锅炉出口第一道电动主汽阀止。
包括：
水冷壁、汽包、过热器、省煤器、所有联箱以及联箱的连接管、以及锅炉本体所有的附属管道（包括：
过热器疏水、减温器疏水、事故放水管道、放空气管道、取样管道、加药管道、连续排污管道、定期排污管道）Theboileranditsauxiliarypipes,fromthelastvalveoffeedwatersystemtothemotordrivenmainsteamvalvewhichinstalledattheoutletoftheboiler.including:
waterwalls,steamdrum,super-heaters,economizer,alltheheadersanditsconnectingpipes,alltheauxiliarypipes（super-heaterdrainagepipes,temperaturereducerdrainagepipes,accidentaldischargewaterpipe,dischargeairpipes,samplepipes,chemicaldosingpipe,continueddischargewastewaterpipes,periodicaldischargewastewaterpipes）,3步骤Steps3.1启动给水泵，给锅炉上水，控制给水温度不超过70Startupthefeedwaterpump,supplywatertoboilerslowly,controlthetemperatureofwaternomorethan703.2当有从排气管上冒出时，关闭这个管道上的排气阀Whenwatersprayoutfromadischargeairpipe,thenclosethevalvesonit3.3当汽包水位0时，停止上水，停掉给水泵，关闭给水系统的所有阀门，最后关阀最高处的空气阀Whenthedischargeairpipewhichonthehighestpositionspraywaterlevel0,stoppumpingwater,shutdownthepump,closeallthevalvesonthefeedwaterpipesandthenthehighestvalveonthedischargeairpipe;,锅炉的排污系统,锅炉连排、定排的投入与解列Theputtinginanddisconnectionofcontinuousvalvesandperiodicalvalvesofboiler为保持受热面内部清洁及保证合格蒸汽品质，必须对锅炉进行排污，使炉水及蒸汽品质维持在规定范围内。
Inordertokeepcleannessoftheinnerpartofheatingsurfaceandinsuresteamquality,theboilermustbeblowndowntomaintaintheboilerwaterandsteamqualityinregulatedrange.,2.9.1排污种类：
连续排污和定期排污。
2.9.1Kindsofblowdown:
continuousblowdownandperiodicalblowdown2.9.2连续排污量大小由化学根据汽水品质掌握，用调整门控制，同时应与司炉取得联系。
2.9.2Continuousblowdownvolumeisheldbychemicalaccordingtosteamwaterqualityandcontrolledbeadjustablevalve,atthesametime,boileroperatorshouldbeconnected.2.9.3定期排污由运行人员操作。
为保护一次门，先全开一次门、后全开二次门。
关闭时先关闭二次门、后关一次门，排污时间30秒。
排污时间不宜过长，以免破坏水循环。
2.9.3Periodicalblowdownisoperatedbyoperator.Fullopenprimaryvalveandthensecondaryvalveinordertoprotectprimaryvalve.Firstlyclosesecondaryvalveandthensecondaryvalveduringclosing.Thetimeofblowdownis30secondsandshouldnottoolonginordertoavoiddestroyingthewatercirculation.2.9.4定期排污一般每周一次，同时根据化学通知增加定排次数。
2.9.4
升级会员 