许国璋英语第二册第八课课文对话练习讲义.docx

1、许国璋英语第二册第八课课文对话练习讲义许国璋英语第二册第八课（一） 课文：1) 课文原文： THE GREAT PYRAMIDThe kings of ancient Egypt planned strong tombs to keep their bodies safe after death and to hold their treasures. Over these tombs huge stone pyramids were built. There are over 80 pyramids in Egypt, but the Great Pyramid is the largest

2、 of all. The Great Pyramid was built nearly five thousand years ago for a king called Khufu. It is located on the west bank of the Nile River, not far from Cairo. In fact, all the pyramids along the Nile are on its west bank. The ancient Egyptians compared the rising of the sun to the beginning of l

3、ife and the setting of sun to the end of life. This is why their dead were buried on the west bank of the Nile.古埃及的国王计划坚固的墓葬，以保护他们的尸体在死亡后保存他们的财宝。在这些坟墓上建造了巨大的石头金字塔。埃及有超过80座金字塔，但大金字塔是最大的金字塔。大金字塔是在五千年前为一位名叫胡夫的国王建造的。它位于尼罗河西岸，离开罗不远。事实上，尼罗河上所有的金字塔都在它的西岸。古埃及人把太阳的升起比作生命的开始，把太阳的设定比作生命的终点。这就是为什么他们的尸体被埋葬在尼罗河西岸

4、的原因。It is very hard to realize just how big the Great Pyramid is. It has over 2,300,000 blocks of solid stone. These huge stone blocks weigh an average of two and a half tons each, as much as a small car. Some even weight fifteen tons. Without machinery, the ancient Egyptians cut and moved and lifte

5、d each of these stones. Many of the blocks came from the east bank of the Nile, and they were taken across the river in boats at flood time. It took more than 100,000 slaves twenty years to build the Great Pyramid.很难意识到大金字塔有多大。它有2300000块坚固的石头。这些巨大的石块平均重量为每平方米2.5吨，相当于一辆小汽车。有的甚至重十五吨。没有机器，古埃及人就砍掉和移动并举起

6、每一块石头。许多街区都是从尼罗河东岸来的，在洪水时期，他们在船上过河。花了100000多名奴隶，二十年时间才建造了大金字塔。They Great Pyramid is over 450 feet high today, and it was once higher, its base covered thirteen acres. Each of the sides of the pyramid is 755 feet long, or about as long as two city blocks. It takes about twenty minutes to walk all the

7、 way around the pyramid. Every king wanted his tomb to be the best. But Khufu outdid them all. The surface of his pyramid used to shine with smooth white limestone, and its top came to a sharp point. Inside, the body of Khufu rested in a great stone coffin. His body was preserved to last forever, an

8、d many treasures were buried with him.大金字塔今天有450英尺高，以前更高，其底部覆盖了十三英亩。金字塔的每一边都有755英尺长，大约有两个街区。绕金字塔走一周要花二十分钟左右。每个国王都希望他的坟墓是最好的。但胡夫胜过所有的人。他的金字塔表面用光滑的白色石灰石发光，其顶部达到了一个尖峰。在里面，胡夫的尸体躺在一个巨大的石棺里。他的遗体被保存到永远，许多珍宝被埋葬在他身边。Now after many centuries, the shining surface is worn away, and men have taken some of the hu

9、ge stone blocks to build other things. Thieves have stolen the treasures, and they have stolen the body of Khufu himself. No doubt this is a matter for regret, but the same thing has happened to many other ancient tombs. Although the limestone surface is gone, the huge stones are exposed and you can

10、 climb them, like steps, to the top. When you have reached the top, you can see for miles about you. You can see the smaller pyramids and the Sphinx, the great stone statue of the lion with a human head. To the west you can see the Libyan Desert, and to the east you can see the green Nile Valley and

11、 the modern city of Cairo.经过几个世纪，光亮的表面被磨掉了，人们已经用了一些巨大的石块来建造其他的东西。盗贼偷走了财宝，偷走了胡夫本人的尸体。毫无疑问，这是一件值得遗憾的事，但同样的事情也发生在许多其他古墓中。虽然石灰石表面已经消失，但巨大的石头被暴露出来，你可以像台阶一样爬上山顶。当你到达山顶时，你可以看到几英里左右情况。你可以看到较小的金字塔和狮身人面像，狮子的巨大石像和人头。在西面，你可以看到利比亚沙漠，而在东方，你可以看到绿色尼罗河流域和开罗的现代城市。2) 全文译文：大金字塔古埃及的国王计划坚固的墓葬，以保护他们的尸体在死亡后保存他们的财宝。在这些坟墓上建造

12、了巨大的石头金字塔。埃及有超过80座金字塔，但大金字塔是最大的金字塔。大金字塔是在五千年前为一位名叫胡夫的国王建造的。它位于尼罗河西岸，离开罗不远。事实上，尼罗河上所有的金字塔都在它的西岸。古埃及人把太阳的升起比作生命的开始，把太阳的设定比作生命的终点。这就是为什么他们的尸体被埋葬在尼罗河西岸的原因。很难意识到大金字塔有多大。它有2300000块坚固的石头。这些巨大的石块平均重量为每平方米2.5吨，相当于一辆小汽车。有的甚至重十五吨。没有机器，古埃及人就砍掉和移动并举起每一块石头。许多街区都是从尼罗河东岸来的，在洪水时期，他们在船上过河。花了100000多名奴隶，二十年时间才建造了大金字塔。大

13、金字塔今天有450英尺高，以前更高，其底部覆盖了十三英亩。金字塔的每一边都有755英尺长，大约有两个街区。绕金字塔走一周要花二十分钟左右。每个国王都希望他的坟墓是最好的。但胡夫胜过所有的人。他的金字塔表面用光滑的白色石灰石发光，其顶部达到了一个尖峰。在里面，胡夫的尸体躺在一个巨大的石棺里。他的遗体被保存到永远，许多珍宝被埋葬在他身边。经过几个世纪，光亮的表面被磨掉了，人们已经用了一些巨大的石块来建造其他的东西。盗贼偷走了财宝，偷走了胡夫本人的尸体。毫无疑问，这是一件值得遗憾的事，但同样的事情也发生在许多其他古墓中。虽然石灰石表面已经消失，但巨大的石头被暴露出来，你可以像台阶一样爬上山顶。当你到

14、达山顶时，你可以看到几英里左右情况。你可以看到较小的金字塔和狮身人面像，狮子的巨大石像和人头。在西面，你可以看到利比亚沙漠，而在东方，你可以看到绿色尼罗河流域和开罗的现代城市。3) 课堂提问：（通过问题，更好理解课文内容）1. What were the pyramids built for? Pyramids were built as strong tombs to preserve the bodies of the kings of ancient Egypt.2. How long ago was the Great Pyramid built?The Great Pyramid w

15、as built nearly five thousand years ago. 3. Why is the Great Pyramid together with all the other pyramids, located on the west bank of the Nile River?Because the ancient Egyptians compared the beginning of life to sunrise and the end of life to sunset. Since the sun sets in the west, they buried the

16、ir dead on the west band of the Nile. 4. Why have historians called the building of the Great Pyramid a great engineering feat?Because even todays engineers have found it difficult to explain how it was built. They have also found it mystery how the ancient Egyptians lifted those huge stones without

17、 help of machinery.5. What happened to the Khufus tomb after many centuries?After many centuries, Khufus tomb was robbed. The treasures as well as Khufus body were stolen. 6. How can the tourists reach the top of the Great Pyramid?Since the limestone surface of the Great Pyramid has gone, the touris

18、ts can climb the huge exposed stones, like steps, to the top. 4) 课堂笔记：1. The kings of ancient Egypt planned strong tombs to keep their bodies safe after death.1）Keep+名词，形容 词、现在分词等形成特定的词组结构Keep silence保持安静（+名词）Keep silent保持安静（+形容词）Keep a lookout继纽监视（+名词）Keep fit 保持健康（+形容词）The shops keep open late on

19、Sunday evenings.星期天晚上这些商店很晚关门.（+形容词，表示：一直开着）The water in the river keeps rising. 河水在不断上涨。（+现在分词，表示，不断上涨）keep +somebody/ something+形容词，现在分词,介词短语：The kings of ancient Egypt planned strong tombs to keep their bodies safe after death.Sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，请你久等了。Ill try to keep it in my mind.我会设法

20、记住这事。（+介词短语）2. It is very hard to realize just how big the Great Pyramid is. It is to句形（it形式主语，动词不定式后才是主语，翻译先译后面部份）It is good to be here. （to be here is good）这儿真好It wont be easy to find a good job. 好工作不易找。It has been a pleasure to talk to you .跟你谈话是件快乐的事。It作主语，1，避免头重脚轻，2强调谓语3. It took more than 100,

21、000 slaves twenty years to build the Great Pyramid.4. It takes about twenty minutes to walk all the way around the pyramid.以上两句形一样，It的例句：It took me twenty minutes to get here.It takes a lot of time to read a book like that.Take意思是：花费除take外，还可用Spend，但前不可用it，只能用人称代词。He spends a lot of time (in) watchi

22、ng television.Spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间作某事I spend more time on sports than on studies.Spend time on sth. 在某事上花时间 5. Inside , the body of Khufu rested in a great stone coffin.英文有些单词不是被动语态，却有被动语态的意思。如：rested, pass for等In this small village, he passes for a wise man.（被认为）I knew her face , but her

23、name had completely slipped from my mind. (被遗忘)5) 课堂翻译练习：1. 让那孩子别作声：Keep that child quiet.2. 上周六天气不好，我们只好呆在家里。The weather kept us indoors last Saturday. 3. 我不会耽搁你很久。I wont keep you long.4. 他什么事都不瞒我。He keeps nothing from me. 5. 山地自行车在北京很畅销。Mountain bike sells very well in Beijing.6. 建立新工厂以生产过去从未生产过的产

24、品显得很有必要。It became necessary to build new plants for products never before produced.7. 学英语很趣。It is great fun to learn English. 8. 建筑工人花了一年左右的时间就建成了西三环路上的这座立交桥。It took construction workers just about one year to complete the flyover above west ring road three.9. 学英语需要耐心和勤奋。It takes patience and hard w

25、ork to learn English.（二） 语法：构词法共有五种主要构词方法。例子： This is a book.(n)I have booked a train ticket. (vt)This is a bookcase.(复合名词)This dictionary is pocketbook size. (复合名词)He is a bit bookish.(形容 词)1. 转化法（conversion）:在词的原形不变情况下，一个词由原来的词类转化成另一种词类。1） 名词转化为动词：Please hand me the cup. Out cat mouses well.我们的猫很能

26、逮老鼠。Dont sir me so much! 别跟我先生长，先生短的。She dusts her room every day.她每天都打扫自己的房间。2） 动词转化为名词：After a days hard work he still has a lot of run in him.勤奋工作一天后他的体力还很充沛。He gave his son a hit. 他打了他儿子一下。动词转化为名词（抽象名词）常和动词：have, give ,get, make , take 等连用，构成短语。（这类短语数量多，且多为日常用语）Have a cry 哭一场Have a read 读一读Make

27、a guess猜一猜3） 形容词转化为名词或动词You have done a wrong.你做错了一件事。Spring is the sweet of the year.春季是一年中最美好的季节。Dont dirty your new dress.别把新衣服弄脏。2. 合成法（composition） :由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词：合成词有的一起写，有的分开写，有的用连字符，这是一种习惯用法，并没有明确的规定。而在当今的趋势，是以简易为主。传统上英国人习惯用连字符，而美国人不用。Highway 公路Sweetheart 情人Fathead 呆子Easy-chair安乐椅 (easy ch

28、air 美国写法)Pot-belly大肚皮，啤酒肚 （potbelly美国写法）Motor-cycle 摩托车 （motorcycle美国写法）Popcorn 爆玉米花Headache 头痛 （head-ache 英国写法）Playboy 花花公子Upstart爆发户Go-between中间人；媒人Good for- nothing 无用的人Jack-in office自命不凡的小官吏3. 派生法：（derivation）;由一个词根加词缀（前缀或后缀 prefixes or suffixes）构成新词。1） 加前缀的词：Unhappy不幸福的Reappear 再出现Non-smoker不抽烟

29、者2） 加后缀的词：Trainee 受识破的人Speaker演讲者（er,作。动作的人）Readable 易读的，可看懂的(able,可。的)3） 加前后缀的词Unhurriedly 不着急地（后缀ly.以。方式）Encouragement鼓励（en无意思，后缀：ment附动词后构成名词，表示一种状态）Unhappily不高兴地4. 混成法（blending）:由某词的词首部分和另一词的词尾部分连成一个新词。Smog（烟雾） Smoke + fogTelecast （电视广播） television + broadcastChinglish（中文英语）Chinese + EnglishBrun

30、ch(晚吃的早餐) breakfast + lunch5. 缩略法（abbreviation）在保持原词义的条件下，把词汇进行词形及读音的变动。 ad = advertisement 广告 flu= influenza 流感 缩略法多用于报刊、杂志、电视等地方（三） WORD STUDY: （词汇学习）1. Go v.i. 1) 去 :Are you going to the show(film, exhibition, dance, etc.)?They went there by train(boat, bus, bicycle, train, air, etc.).Lets go for

31、 a walk ( go there for a visit, an outing, etc.). This morning they went shopping(boating, fishing, swimming, sightseeing, ect.)2) Go on 进行：Is the meeting still going on?3) Go on(with)继续 :Shall we go on with the work?They went on with their performances in spite of the rain.4) Go over 从头看一遍，复习：Lets go over the lesson(exercises, word list, questions, etc.)2. Play (v.t.; v.i.)1) 玩：Children love to play.Dont play with fire.2) 打（球）They are fond of playing basket-ball.Are you going to play class three?3) 弹奏：Can you play the piano?4) 扮演：Who played (the part of ) Hamlet?5) Play an important