PETS5作文.docx

1、PETS5作文PETS5写作评分原则1本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分，每档5分。2阅卷时根据总体评分标准与具体评分细则评分。3主要依据写作内容的完整性与文章的组织、语言的准确性、语域和格式的恰当性、结构域词汇的广泛性、内容的相关性评分。4文章的长度不得少于250词。词数在100-150之间，得分不超过二档；100词得分不超过一档。词数超过300词以上的部分不予评阅。5拼写与标点符号式语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑，英、美拼写均可。6书写较差，以致影响交际的文章，分数将降低一个档次。完全无法辨认得0分。第五档（21-25分）很好地完成了规定的任务。开头得体，结尾有力

2、；内容完整，层次分明，具有说服力；使用了丰富的语法结构与词汇，显示出较强的语言驾驭能力；条理性强，段落清晰，采用了多种衔接与转折手法；语言自然流畅，极少语言错误；对目标读者产生了很好的预期效果。作文评分标准1审题 2结构 3内容 4语言一篇好的作文应基本达到：1.结构清晰，布局合理，过渡自然。2. 遣词造句丰富多样化，语言地道，出现亮点。3.说理清楚，内容充实，符合要求。一篇较差的作文表现为：1. 文章不通顺，无段落，无结构，无明显主题；2出现很多基本语法错误，拼写错误；3词汇量很小，词不达意，缺乏英语表达能力；4不像一篇文章，仅是把一些不连贯的词语拼 凑到一起。二、写作过程1. 构思：pla

3、nning要建立在仔细审题的基础上，审题的作用在于使文章紧扣题意。2. 起草：drafting要想写出一篇佳作，前提是要写好提纲。它可以帮作者理顺思路，做到条理清楚。提纲写好之后，就可以开始写初稿了。3. 修改：revising分三步走： 内容方面的修改，看看文章的内容是否吸引人，安排是否得当，层次是否清楚，叙述是否有条理等。 考虑文章的语言表达，看看句型是否贴切，用词是否恰当。 文字的校对，注意纠正语法、拼写、标点和其他技术性错误。如何进行选词：一、 选用有把握的词，尽量用复杂的词汇。二、 区分具体与抽象的词三、选词要有变化好句子的标准 句型多样化1采用适当的句型来表达内容：简单句，并列句，

4、复合句，主动被动句，长句，短句，疑问句，插入语，独立成分等2 句子之间的逻辑关系要合理：包括并列关系，因果关系，递进关系，转折关系，解释关系，概括关系，让步关系，对比关系等，这些逻辑关系均有适当的关联词（过渡词）来连接。直线型与螺旋型英语篇章段落结构一般按照“introduction- body - conclusion”的模式来写文章。每段段首大多有一个主题句（topic sentence）,然后再按照一条直线展开，对主题分点用对比，举例，解释定义，因果关系等方法来发展中心思想，最后还会再次提出明确的观点。复习建议1.单词，重点掌握写作中出现频率高的核心词汇，结合句子，在句子中记忆这些单词，

5、总结常用搭配。(提高写作词汇的最好办法是用词，而非背词）2.多读范文，研习范文的结构，思维乃至逻辑论述。多背模板框架和经典句型并转化为自己的语言，培养语感。3. 多读，多思考，多总结道理。4 掌握衔接与过渡。5 多写，多练。括对看过背过的文章进行词语替换，句式转换，句子重组,翻译练习等，以及对某一主题展开写作。作文一定要自己动手写。6构思提纲，关键词提纲或粗略提纲。对原始材料分析归纳后要形成一个基本的框架。7 将内容分类，了解相关知识，掌握相关的词汇及表达方式。8 分析错误，概括总结，博采众长以补己短。1.五段论（一边倒）式写法的结构第一段：提出观点第二段：理由段1第三段： 理由段2第四段：让

6、步段第五段： 结尾段，得出结论2开头段开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题。开头段不对主题进行深入的探讨，具体的论证或叙述应该在理由段进行。一般在开头段写四，五句即可。（1）引题（2）旗帜鲜明地表明自己的观点（3）引起下文2.1引题（1）介绍当前形式The problem of traffic jam in big cities is very common in developing countries and China is of no exception.(2)提个问题How can we solve the problem of traffic jams in big cities

7、?（3）介绍不同的观点Some suggest that in China, we should give priority to the development of private cars, but others argue that public transportation should be put in the first place.(4)个人经历式（5）名人名言及谚语式Just as the saying goes:no pains, no gains, the super stars have undergone painstaking training and pract

8、ice and they sacrifice a lot for what they have gained. So I think they should get high salary.(6) 数字统计According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.2.2 表明观点（1）直接说出自己的观点In my opinion, students should wear uniforms in school.(2)

9、 间接说出观点Despite the fact that the majority may hold the opinion that students should wear uniforms in school, I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis.While the majority may like to live in a large family, I prefer the small one.Some people think students should go abroad to study. Others,

10、 however, believe they should finish their university education in their home country. From my point of view, I prefer the latter one.When faced with the decision of a small family or a large family, quite a few would claim that we should live in a large family, but others, in contrast, deem the sma

11、ll family as the first choice and that is also my point.2.3引起下文There are numerous reasons why I hold this opinion, and I would explore a few of the most important ones here.My arguments for this point are listed as follows.The reasons are presented below.开头要有气势开头段应避免的若干问题：1开头偏离主题太远。2使用抱歉或埋怨之词句。3内容不具

12、体，言之无物。3 理由段理由段（中间段）是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。中间段的篇幅要比开头段和结尾段长，每段有相应的主题句，说明主题思想的扩展句可以采用举例，说理，因果，对比，等写作手段。3.1主题句（topic sentence )(1)每个理由段必须要有一个主题句。（2）将主题句放在理由段的段首。（3）主题句不宜过长，过于复杂。（4）主题句前面最好有表示层次关系的连接词。First, television presents a vivid world in front of us.Second, television also plays an e

13、ducational role in our daily life.Finally, television is very entertaining.(5) 主题句不能太抽象， 要有具体的内容。（6） 主题句也不能太具体， 应是一定程度上的概括和抽象。（7）主题句不能包含两个或多个头绪。3.2 支持句(推展句）（1）支持句之间应根据相互关系使用适当的连接词。（2）支持句必须围绕主题句来写（3）支持句可以说理，也可以举例，可使用因果法，比较和对比法等。中间段的写作要点（1）所涉及内容应该准确，清楚，颇具说服力。（2）段落中一定具备主题句。（3）段落内容应保持完整，统一，没有说明不足之处或冗长的细

14、节。（4）内容顺序安排合理，逻辑性强。（5）段落之间联贯自然（6）段落中讨论的内容主次分明，材料比例适当。（7）词与句型运用合理并且有变化。4. 让步段 （两重转折）5.结尾段结尾段要干脆利落，深化主题（1）重申观点,如此结论On the whole, if we take a careful consideration, it is not difficult to get the conclusion that students should wear uniforms.In short, given the factors I have just outlined, it is safe

15、 to draw the conclusion that students should wear uniforms.（2）如此建议Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.结尾要有特色Only in this way can laid-off work

16、ers completely shrug off poverty and regain their dignity in life.(倒装）In conclusion, it is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping a large vocabulary. (强调）Given all the above arguments, it is high time that the authorities enforced some reforms to convert traditional education strategies

17、into quality-oriented education. (虚拟）五段论式写法Topic: Some people believe television has more disadvantages. Others think it is more advantageous. What do you think?The main reason that can be seen by everyone is that television presents a vivid world in front of us. It tells us what is happening right

18、now in the world. Television not only gives us the news in which we are interested but also shows it in pictures more powerful than words. In particular, important events are often broadcast live so that the audiences feel as if they were participating. Another factor we must consider is that televi

19、sion also plays an educational role in our daily life. We are often attracted by the programs about life in foreign countries which we want to Know about. We can also learn about history by watching related programs. English programs are popular among the people who are studying this language. What

20、is more, university TV has been recognized as the most effective method of part-time education. On the other hand, there are some complaints about the television. For example, some children spend hours before The little screen, ignoring their study, outdoor activities and even their family. Parents

21、say that these kids are indifferent to nearly everything and premature somehow. Nevertheless, it is not the televisions fault. We should tell our children how to handle these problems properly. In short, given the factors I have just outlined, it is safeto draw the conclusion that television is more

22、 advantageous.对称式写法Topic: Some People think children should be taken care of at home by their mothers. Others argue that it would be good for them if they are sent to kindergartens? What is your opinion?Everything in the world has its own two sides. Without exception, the discussion about whether or

23、 not children should be taken care of at home by their mothers is a very controversial one. There are people on both sides of the argument who have very strong feeling.Looking after children at home does seem to have a number of advantages. Firstly, mothers may be able to provide a more practical ed

24、ucation for their children than kindergartens can. Secondly, a childs home is likely to provide a more relaxed atmosphere than what a kindergarten can offer. Mothers can also keep their children away from negative influences. The last advantage is that mothers are often said to know what is best for

25、 their children. Many people, however, argue that children should be sent to the kindergarten. Firstly, children are isolated at home, while in the kindergarten, they are given opportunities to develop in the social context and become accustomed to communicating with peers independently. Next, kinde

26、rgartens can provide professionally trained teachers and all kinds of educational facilities from which children can benefit. Finally, mothers can concentrate on their work and develop their career, which is also helpful to the social development. In my opinion, I believe that children should be tak

27、en care of in kindergarten instead of being educated at home by their mothers. In this way, both children and their Mothers can get benefits. Mothers are able to advance their careers and the family need not live on one income.At the same time, children can get better education. They can learn to be

28、 independent and to solve problems by themselves.2.对称式写法 (1) 非常简单，说一下争议的问题，不要给出自己的观点。（2）（3）第二段，第三段：双方观点各占一段。分别论述双方观点的优点，或者赞成该观点的原因。（4）给出自己的观点。模板This may explain why _/As a consequence_.It goes without saying that_In fact, we can observe easily that in modern society,_.As a proverb says, Everything h

29、as two sides。As a proverb says, Where there is a will there is a way.As is known to all,Lets bring our discussion here to a more present and practical context. In todays world,_.I can say that if you have no experiences like these, your life is an inadequate one.be of great benefit/damage to sb./sth

30、.The reason of _ is not so much _ as _.People differ greatly in their attitudes towards this problem. Some people hold the opinion that _ Others, however/on the contrary, maintain that _.It is urgent/necessary/convenient/desirable/advisable for sb. to do sth.have trouble/a difficult time in doing st

31、h./with sth.举例证：It can be given by a (well known/concrete) example that _. / In order to see this point clearly, let us to see an example:_/To illustrate this, there is an example that is very persuasive:_.第一点原因：The main/first reason is that _.First, we can observe easily that in modern societyIn the first placeTo begin with, (a good roommate should _)第二点原因：Besides, the further reason why I advocate AAA is that _.The second/another reason for my/peoples