河南省洛阳市届高三第一次统一考试英语精校解析 Word版.docx

1、河南省洛阳市届高三第一次统一考试英语精校解析 Word版河南省洛阳市2018届高三第一次统一考试英语试题第卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AJewels Online Footwear StoreLeather Dress ShoesPrice: $ 120. 00Color: Black Leather Brown Leather Red Leather Natural LeatherAverage Ratin

2、g: 3 out of 5 starsShipping Info: Standard: 7-10 business days/Express: 3-5 daysCustomer Reviews1. My favorite shoes! Ive been to many conferences where my business fellows have told me how much they like my shoes. Just wearing them makes me feel more calm and content in the office. I recommend them

3、 to all of my co-workers, and I own a pair of each color.2. These are the worst shoes I have ever worn! The leather came off after only one week, and everybody thought they were ugly. The bottom of the shoes made everything slippery. My employer fired me because he hated them! From then on, I will o

4、nly wear Brand X shoes!3. These shoes do exactly what shoes are supposed to do. There isnt anything too special about them. In the morning, I put them on and go about my clay. They look delightful enough, and they are quite durable. I will probably buy another pair.4. These shoes are my most cherish

5、ed (珍爱的) possession. I met my bride while buying a pair of these shoes. She was the saleswoman at the store I bought them at, and after she sold me three pairs, I asked her for her phone number and we started dating. Soon after that, we were engaged. We are getting married this afternoon, and I coul

6、dnt be happier.1. How many pairs of leather dress shoes does the first customer own?A. One. B. Two.C. Three. D. Four.2. Which customer do you feel gives us the most balanced and objective view?A. Customer 1. B. Customer 2.C. Customer 3. D. Customer 4.3. Why does the fourth customer like the shoes?A.

7、 He got to know his wife while buying them.B. They make him feel more comfortable.C. They are made to last.D. They make him attractive.【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A【解析】这篇文章介绍了一款皮鞋，并且有四名顾客对这款皮鞋进行了评价。1. 细节理解题。Color: Black Leather Brown Leather Red Leather Natural Leather和and I own a pair of each color. 有四种颜色的皮鞋，

8、第一名顾客每种颜色的皮鞋各有一双，所以第一名顾客一共拥有四双这类鞋子，选D。2. 推理判断题。由These shoes do exactly what shoes are supposed to do. There isnt anything too special about them. In the morning, I put them on and go about my clay. They look delightful enough, and they are quite durable.可知第三名顾客客观的陈述了这双鞋的特点及性能，这名顾客的评论比较适度和客观，选C。3. 细节

9、理解题。由I met my bride while buying a pair of these shoes.可知第四名顾客喜欢这双鞋子是因为买这双鞋子的时候，他认识了他的妻子，选A。【名师点睛】细节理解题是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；2.按文章的体裁，作者写作

10、的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；3.将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1，细节理解题。Color: Black Leather Brown Leather Red Leather Natural Leather和and I own a pair of each color. 有四种颜色的皮鞋，第一名顾客每种颜色的皮鞋各有一双，所以第一名顾客一共拥有四双这类鞋子，选D。BIt is quite appar

11、ent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon Rain Forest. Without it we would not have grown into primates (灵长类动物). Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without

12、competition, Columbus wouldnt have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.Friendship, like all relationship between two people, involves competition. It isnt competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prize. Perhaps the ecologica

13、l definition the simultaneous (同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light better explain it.As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwins theory of evolution, overpopulat

14、ion, and competition. There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing (分类) take place. In high school, friendships learn to co-exist with competition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstances, competition is too muc

15、h of a burden for a friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a students fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achi

16、eve a similar recognition.Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life. It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to school work. A healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy

17、(妒忌) can tear friendships apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.4. What does the ecological definition mainly explain?A. How friends compete with each other.B. How to win the competition.C. What the result of competition is.D. What competition exactly is.5. According to

18、 the writer, what causes the high school students to compete?A. The number of them is too large.B. Friendship is a burden for them.C. They know the laws of nature well.D. They are divided into different groups.6. Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?A. Friendship is al

19、ways based on competition.B. The degree of competition is vital to friendship.C. Competition is terribly harmful to friendship.D. Competition is a result of lost friendship.7. What does the author think of “competition”?A. The results of competition are out of control.B. Competition becomes fiercer

20、in high school.C. Competition is certain to happen at schools.D. Friendship is not as important as competition at schools.【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C【解析】本文主要讲了竞争推动了人类社会的发展以及如何在竞争和友谊中寻找平衡。4. 细节理解题。由Perhaps the ecological definition the simultaneous (同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited enviro

21、nmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light better explain it.可知生态定义主要解释了竞争是什么，选D。5. 细节理解题。由There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing (分类) take place.可知造成高中生竞争的原因是高中生数量太庞大，选A。6. 推理判断题。由A healthy, friendly competition can have onl

22、y benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendships apart. 可推断出竞争的程度对友谊至关重要，选B。7. 细节理解题。由Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.可知作者认为在学校，竞争一定会发生，选C。CIleftEnglandforSydneyinSeptember.Itwasacareermoveformyhusband,a

23、ndour20-year-olddaughterwasfeelingadventurousanddecidedtocome,too.However,justbeforeleavingEngland,my79-year-oldmothersufferedastroke(中风).Beingstrongandindependent,shecontinuestoliveathomewiththehelpofsocialservices.Butshecouldntlookafterthegarden.Ithoughthowwonderfulitwouldbeiftherewasanorganizatio

24、nofferingvolunteerhelp.FriendsaskedmewhatIplannedtodoinAustralia,andItoldthemIwouldbelookingforavolunteerpositionwithagardeningcharitableorganization.ImaginemysurprisewhenIfoundjusttheorganizationIhadbeenlookingforEasyCareGardening(ECG)!ThereareseveralreasonswhyIvolunteerforECG.Firstly,asanewcomerto

25、AustraliaImeetmanygreatpeoplewho,likeme,volunteersomeoftheirtime.Wecoveralargeagerange,butalllovegardensandhelpingothers.Secondly,throughworkingwithECGIhavebeenluckyenoughtoexploreSydneysNorthShorethatImightnothavehadtheopportunitytovisitotherwise.Finally,thereareallthosewonderfulpeoplewecall“client

26、(客户)”,butaremorelikefriendswhenwevisitthemoftenandtendtheirgardens.WhatgreatpeopleIhavemet,andthestoriestheyhavetotellthefamilyhistories,wheretheycomefromandthereasonsforimmigratingtoAustralia.Ifinditaprivilegetohaveaccesstoprivategardenswhich,inmanycases,havebeenthejoyoftheirownersformanyyears.Each

27、oneisindividualandreflectsthecharacter,needsandthehistoryofeachfamily.Indeed,thegardensreflectthemulticulturalandhistoricalbackgroundofSydney.8. Why did the author move to Sydney?A. Site planned to volunteer there.B. Her husband would work there.C. She was very keen on adventures.D. She had to look

28、after her sick mother.9. What made the author choose to be a gardening volunteer?A. Her own experience. B. The lips of her friends.C. The popularity of ECG. D. Her gardening skills.10. What do the volunteers at ECG have in common?A. They make friends with their clients.B. They like to explore Sydney

29、s North Shore.C. They are of similar ages and backgrounds.D. They are kind-hearted with the same interest.11. What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Client. B. Reason.C. Garden. D. Joy.【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C【解析】本文主要讲了因为作者自己的经历使得作者选择了园林志愿者的工作，作者对这份工作的内容和乐趣进行了详细的介绍。8. 细节理解题。

30、IleftEnglandforSydneyinSeptember.Itwasacareermoveformyhusband,可知作者搬到悉尼，是因为她的丈夫将在那里工作，选B。9. 推理判断题。由Butshecouldntlookafterthegarden.Ithoughthowwonderfulitwouldbeiftherewasanorganizationofferingvolunteerhelp.FriendsaskedmewhatIplannedtodoinAustralia,andItoldthemIwouldbelookingforavolunteerpositionwitha

31、gardeningcharitableorganization可知是因为作者自己的经历使得作者选择了园林志愿者的工作，选A。10. 推理判断题。由Wecoveralargeagerange,butalllovegardensandhelpingothers.可推断出ECG志愿者的共同点是有相同的兴趣，并且热心肠，选D。11. 推理判断题。由Ifinditaprivilegetohaveaccesstoprivategardenswhich,inmanycases,havebeenthejoyoftheirownersformanyyears可知Eachoneisindividualandreflectsthecharacter,needsandtheh