河南省洛阳市届高三第一次统一考试英语精校解析 Word版.docx
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河南省洛阳市届高三第一次统一考试英语精校解析Word版
河南省洛阳市2018届高三第一次统一考试
英语试题
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Jewel’sOnlineFootwearStore
LeatherDressShoes
Price:
$120.00
Color:
BlackLeatherBrownLeatherRedLeatherNaturalLeather
AverageRating:
3outof5stars
ShippingInfo:
Standard:
7-10businessdays/Express:
3-5days
CustomerReviews
1.★★★★★
Myfavoriteshoes!
I’vebeentomanyconferenceswheremybusinessfellowshavetoldmehowmuchtheylikemyshoes.Justwearingthemmakesmefeelmorecalmandcontentintheoffice.Irecommendthemtoallofmyco-workers,andIownapairofeachcolor.
2.★
ThesearetheworstshoesIhaveeverworn!
Theleathercameoffafteronlyoneweek,andeverybodythoughttheywereugly.Thebottomoftheshoesmadeeverythingslippery.Myemployerfiredmebecausehehatedthem!
Fromthenon,IwillonlywearBrandXshoes!
3.★★★
Theseshoesdoexactlywhatshoesaresupposedtodo.Thereisn’tanythingtoospecialaboutthem.Inthemorning,Iputthemonandgoaboutmyclay.Theylookdelightfulenough,andtheyarequitedurable.Iwillprobablybuyanotherpair.
4.★★★★
Theseshoesaremymostcherished（珍爱的）possession.Imetmybridewhilebuyingapairoftheseshoes.ShewasthesaleswomanatthestoreIboughtthemat,andaftershesoldmethreepairs,Iaskedherforherphonenumberandwestarteddating.Soonafterthat,wewereengaged.Wearegettingmarriedthisafternoon,andIcouldn’tbehappier.
1.Howmanypairsofleatherdressshoesdoesthefirstcustomerown?
A.One.B.Two.
C.Three.D.Four.
2.Whichcustomerdoyoufeelgivesusthemostbalancedandobjectiveview?
A.Customer1.B.Customer2.
C.Customer3.D.Customer4.
3.Whydoesthefourthcustomerliketheshoes?
A.Hegottoknowhiswifewhilebuyingthem.
B.Theymakehimfeelmorecomfortable.
C.Theyaremadetolast.
D.Theymakehimattractive.
【答案】1.D2.C3.A
【解析】这篇文章介绍了一款皮鞋，并且有四名顾客对这款皮鞋进行了评价。
1.细节理解题。
Color:
BlackLeatherBrownLeatherRedLeatherNaturalLeather和andIownapairofeachcolor.有四种颜色的皮鞋，第一名顾客每种颜色的皮鞋各有一双，所以第一名顾客一共拥有四双这类鞋子，选D。
2.推理判断题。
由Theseshoesdoexactlywhatshoesaresupposedtodo.Thereisn’tanythingtoospecialaboutthem.Inthemorning,Iputthemonandgoaboutmyclay.Theylookdelightfulenough,andtheyarequitedurable.可知第三名顾客客观的陈述了这双鞋的特点及性能，这名顾客的评论比较适度和客观，选C。
3.细节理解题。
由Imetmybridewhilebuyingapairoftheseshoes.可知第四名顾客喜欢这双鞋子是因为买这双鞋子的时候，他认识了他的妻子，选A。
【名师点睛】
细节理解题是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。
但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。
事实和细节题的命题特点是：
对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。
直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；
2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。
如forexample,first,second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；
3.将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。
快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。
如小题1，细节理解题。
Color:
BlackLeatherBrownLeatherRedLeatherNaturalLeather和andIownapairofeachcolor.有四种颜色的皮鞋，第一名顾客每种颜色的皮鞋各有一双，所以第一名顾客一共拥有四双这类鞋子，选D。
B
ItisquiteapparentthatcompetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesortheAmazonRainForest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimates（灵长类动物）.Orwewouldprobablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchofmeat.Withoutcompetition,Columbuswouldn’thavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhaveinventedthelightbulb.
Friendship,likeallrelationshipbetweentwopeople,involvescompetition.Itisn’tcompetitioninatraditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinition—thesimultaneous（同时的）demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrients,livingspace,orlight—betterexplainit.
Asinnature,highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws,similartoashortenedversionofDarwin’stheoryofevolution,overpopulation,andcompetition.Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem,rankingandcategorizing（分类）takeplace.Inhighschool,friendshipslearntoco-existwithcompetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.Infact,insomecircumstances,competitionistoomuchofaburdenforafriendshiptobear,causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhighschoolobjective.Fouryearsofhardworkistoachievegoodgrades,andastudent’sfateisdeterminednotonlybytheseachievements,butbytherecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachieveasimilarrecognition.
Nevertheless,bynecessity,competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.Itsetsandimprovesthestandardsineverythingfromsportstoschoolwork.Ahealthy,friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits,butwhenitbecomestoofierce,jealousy（妒忌）cantearfriendshipsapart.Yet,despiteallthis,withoutcompetition,wewouldbelost.
4.Whatdoestheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain?
A.Howfriendscompetewitheachother.
B.Howtowinthecompetition.
C.Whattheresultofcompetitionis.
D.Whatcompetitionexactlyis.
5.Accordingtothewriter,whatcausesthehighschoolstudentstocompete?
A.Thenumberofthemistoolarge.
B.Friendshipisaburdenforthem.
C.Theyknowthelawsofnaturewell.
D.Theyaredividedintodifferentgroups.
6.Whichbestdescribestherelationshipoffriendshipandcompetition?
A.Friendshipisalwaysbasedoncompetition.
B.Thedegreeofcompetitionisvitaltofriendship.
C.Competitionisterriblyharmfultofriendship.
D.Competitionisaresultoflostfriendship.
7.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“competition”?
A.Theresultsofcompetitionareoutofcontrol.
B.Competitionbecomesfiercerinhighschool.
C.Competitioniscertaintohappenatschools.
D.Friendshipisnotasimportantascompetitionatschools.
【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C
【解析】本文主要讲了竞争推动了人类社会的发展以及如何在竞争和友谊中寻找平衡。
4.细节理解题。
由Perhapstheecologicaldefinition—thesimultaneous（同时的）demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrients,livingspace,orlight—betterexplainit.可知生态定义主要解释了竞争是什么，选D。
5.细节理解题。
由Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem,rankingandcategorizing（分类）takeplace.可知造成高中生竞争的原因是高中生数量太庞大，选A。
6.推理判断题。
由Ahealthy,friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits,butwhenitbecomestoofierce,jealousy（妒忌）cantearfriendshipsapart.可推断出竞争的程度对友谊至关重要，选B。
7.细节理解题。
由Nevertheless,bynecessity,competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.可知作者认为在学校，竞争一定会发生，选C。
C
I left England for Sydney in September. It was a career move for my husband, and our 20-year-old daughter was feeling adventurous and decided to come, too. However, just before leaving England, my 79-year-old mother suffered a stroke （中风）. Being strong and independent, she continues to live at home with the help of social services. But she couldn’t look after the garden. I thought how wonderful it would be if there was an organization offering volunteer help. Friends asked me what I planned to do in Australia, and I told them I would be looking for a volunteer position with a gardening charitable organization. Imagine my surprise when I found just the organization I had been looking for – Easy Care Gardening （ECG）!
There are several reasons why I volunteer for ECG. Firstly, as a newcomer to Australia I meet many great people who, like me, volunteer some of their time. We cover a large age range, but all love gardens and helping others.
Secondly, through working with ECG I have been lucky enough to explore Sydney’s North Shore that I might not have had the opportunity to visit otherwise.
Finally, there are all those wonderful people we call “client （客户）”, but are more like friends when we visit them often and tend their gardens. What great people I have met, and the stories they have to tell – the family histories, where they come from and the reasons for immigrating to Australia. I find it a privilege to have access to private gardens which, in many cases, have been the joy of their owners for many years. Each one is individual and reflects the character, needs and the history of each family. Indeed, the gardens reflect the multicultural and historical background of Sydney.
8.WhydidtheauthormovetoSydney?
A.Siteplannedtovolunteerthere.
B.Herhusbandwouldworkthere.
C.Shewasverykeenonadventures.
D.Shehadtolookafterhersickmother.
9.Whatmadetheauthorchoosetobeagardeningvolunteer?
A.Herownexperience.B.Thelipsofherfriends.
C.ThepopularityofECG.D.Hergardeningskills.
10.WhatdothevolunteersatECGhaveincommon?
A.Theymakefriendswiththeirclients.
B.TheyliketoexploreSydney’sNorthShore.
C.Theyareofsimilaragesandbackgrounds.
D.Theyarekind-heartedwiththesameinterest.
11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”inParagraph4referto?
A.Client.B.Reason.
C.Garden.D.Joy.
【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C
【解析】本文主要讲了因为作者自己的经历使得作者选择了园林志愿者的工作，作者对这份工作的内容和乐趣进行了详细的介绍。
8.细节理解题。
I left England for Sydney in September. It was a career move for my husband, 可知作者搬到悉尼，是因为她的丈夫将在那里工作，选B。
9.推理判断题。
由But she couldn’t look after the garden. I thought how wonderful it would be if
there was an organization offering volunteer help. Friends asked me what I planned to do in Australia, and I told them I would be looking for a volunteer position with a gardening charitable organization可知是因为作者自己的经历使得作者选择了园林志愿者的工作，选A。
10.推理判断题。
由We cover a large age range, but all love gardens and helping others.可推断出ECG志愿者的共同点是有相同的兴趣，并且热心肠，选D。
11.推理判断题。
由I find it a privilege to have access to private gardens which,
in many cases, have been the joy of their owners for many years可知 Each one is individual and reflects the character, needs and the h
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