第二讲 二定解题法巧取无提示词题.docx

1、第二讲 二定解题法巧取无提示词题第二讲“二定”解题法巧取无提示词题无提示词题是指“在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)”，主要考查冠词、代词、介词、并列连词、从句连词、固定搭配和行文逻辑等。对于此类试题可用“二定”解题法进行突破：类别1填代词示例(2018年6月浙江高考节选)Many westerners 57.who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58._ can be to eat out试题探究根据句子结构可知，how引导的宾语从句中动词不定

2、式to eat out才是真正的主语。尝试解答 考查代词it作形式主语。故填it。名师点津1若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it。2若动词或介词后面缺宾语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。如果宾语与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。 类别2填介词示例(2018年11月浙江高考节选)One cup of coffee 60._ the late afternoon or evening will cause 61.them(they) to stay awake almost all night.试题探究此处为时间状语，表示“在下午晚些时候或晚上”是in the late

3、 afternoon or evening。尝试解答 考查介词的基本用法。故填in。名师点津第一步：若空格后是名词、代词、动名词，且它们不是作主语或作动词的宾语时，很可能就是填介词。第二步：根据具体的语境或空格所在的句子意思来确定填哪个介词。类别3填冠词示例(2016年10月浙江高考节选)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.swept(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，64.where it remained

4、 until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.For Pahlsson，its return was 65._ wonder试题探究句意为“对Pahlsson来说，戒指的失而复得真是一大奇迹。”此处wonder为可数名词，表示“奇迹，奇事”，此处为泛指，故要用不定冠词。尝试解答 考查不定冠词。故填 a。名师点津第一步：分析句子结构。若空格后的名词或者“形容词名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，很可能是填冠词。第二步：理解句子意思。根据所需意义选择恰当的限定语，如表示“一(个、座、次)”填不定冠

5、词an/a，表示泛指；如表示“这、这些、那、那些”填定冠词the，表示特指。类别4填并列连词示例(2018年11月浙江高考节选)Small amounts of caffeinea cup 59._ two of coffee a dayseem safe for most people.However，some people have trouble with even small amounts.试题探究根据语境可知，此处表示“每天一杯或两杯咖啡”，表示“或者”用连词or。 尝试解答 考查并列连词。故填or。名师点津主要的连词有：表示并列关系的and，表示转折关系的but和表示选择关系的o

6、r，表示因果关系的so等。类别5填从句连词(1)状语从句示例(2016年10月浙江高考节选)I made my way backstage just 62._ the great magician was putting on his top hat试题探究根据逻辑关系可知，此处是时间状语从句的连词，表示“当时候”。尝试解答 考查从属连词。故填 as/when。名师点津当确定为状语从句后，就要通过语境理解，判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他，最后确定从属连词。(2)定语从句示例(2018年6月浙江高考节选)Many westerners 57._ come to C

7、hina cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58.it can be to eat out.试题探究根据句子结构可知，先行词是westerners，指人，在限制性定语从句中作主语。尝试解答 考查定语从句。故填who/that。名师点津当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他；然后判断引导词在从句中的成分，再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个关系词。(3)名词性从句示例(2018年11月浙江高考节选)It is possible 63._ caffeine may

8、 cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans，too.One study showed that 64.women(woman) who drank a lot of coffee，like eight or more cups per day，while they were pregnant were more likely 65.to_have(have) children with birth defects.试题探究分析句子结构可知， it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，且意思完整，用that起引导作用。尝试解答 考查主语从句。故填tha

9、t。名师点津当确定为名词性从句后，分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语。1如果缺以上成分，一般情况下要使用what，有时可能使用who/whom或which。2如果不缺以上成分，则考虑句子意思是否完整，完整的句子可以使用that，意思不完整的则考虑if/whether，where，why，how，because等。类别6其他语境填词示例(2017年6月浙江高考节选)Pahlsson screamed 58._ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt 59.myself(I)，” says

10、 Pahlsson.试题探究根据后面的副词loudly和that her daughter came running from the house可知，此处为soadv./adj.that.结构，表示“如此以至于”。尝试解答 考查固定句式。故填 so。名师点津无提示词的空格有时也需要根据固定表达、逻辑关系以及句式结构填写适当的词。文体一说明文A(2019湖州中学模拟)The traditional Chinese name chop(名章)or seal has been used for thousands of years.1._ is quite likely that people b

11、egan using name chops because Chinese characters are so complex and few people in ancient times 2._(be)able to read and write.In addition，chops date back to a time 3._ there was no other form of 4._(identify) such as ID cards.A chop also served as a valid signature.All official 5._(document)in China

12、 needed a chop to be valid.Today，most Chinese are educated，but the tradition 6._(keep)alive in China.If you spend any length of time in China，you will almost 7._(certain)need to have a chop.If youre staying a short time，a chop makes a(n) 8._(amaze) souvenir.A chop can be made quickly，but first you w

13、ill need to have your name 9._(translate)into Chinese characters.There are many different sizes and styles of chops.Inexpensive small chops can be carved 10._ wood or plasticupmarket chops are made from ivory，jade，marble or steel.Only a special type of slowdrying red ink is used for a name chop，so i

14、f you buy a chop in China，get an inkpad(印泥盒)too.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国的印章文化。1It考查it的用法。本句中that引导的从句是真正的主语，故用It作形式主语。2were考查时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是people，再根据其后置定语in ancient times可知应用一般过去时，故设空处填were。3when考查关系副词。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词time且在从句中作时间状语，故填when。4identification考查名词。设空处前面是介词of，故此处填名词identification。5documents考查名词

15、复数。document是可数名词，根据设空处前面的All可知此处填其复数形式documents。6is kept考查时态和语态。tradition与keep之间是被动关系，再根据本句开头的时间状语Today可知用一般现在时，故设空处填is kept。7certainly考查副词。设空处修饰动词need，故填副词certainly。8amazing考查形容词。设空处修饰名词souvenir且意为“令人惊讶的”，故填形容词amazing。9translated考查非谓语动词。have sth done是固定搭配，表示“使某事被做”。10from考查介词。be carved from后加材料，意为“

16、用雕刻而成”。B(2019琼山中学一模)Transportation actually came into the picture when man discovered his business skills，and when his desire to take control and rule grew.Some people traveled to learn，1._ some traveled to fight.Both ways，human beings had to find means of transport on water.Initially，boats were con

17、structed by 2._(tie) bamboo poles(竹竿) together.But this was a very basic and small invention when traveling for short distances.Man learned to create much 3._(big) boats that used manpower or winds as the time passed and the need 4._(rise)Man is known to have traveled far and wide using such boats a

18、nd ships.The invention of engines revolutionized this mode as 5._(huge) as any other mode of transport.These days，in 6._ form of either the naval forces of a country or the cruise ships(大型游轮)，large ships travel the 7._(long) of oceans.They are unsinkable cities that 8._(drive) by large engines on th

19、e water surface.This is，however，a slow mode of transport these days as 9._(compare) to many others.But who wants to hurry up when you are inside a comfortable cruise ship which is as good as a complete city 10._ no flaws(缺陷) at all?【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了水上交通工具的出现、发展及现状。1while/but考查并列连词。本空用并列连词while连接两个并

20、列句，表示比较和对比关系，也可以用but表示转折关系。2tying考查非谓语动词。本空用所给动词的ing形式作介词by的宾语，tie“(用线、绳等)系，绑，捆，束”，其ing形式是tying。3bigger考查形容词的比较级。根据短文的内容及空格所在句的含义及逻辑关系可知，本空应用所给形容词的比较级bigger“更大的”，这里更大的船是与前面的小竹筏作对比的。空前的much用来修饰比较级。4rose考查时态。根据as“随着”可知，主句和从句的动作都发生在过去，主句用了一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。5hugely考查副词。本空用所给单词的副词形式在句中作状语修饰谓语动词。6the考查冠词。本空

21、填the构成in the form of短语，表示“以形式”。7length(s)考查名词。run/stretch/walk etc.the(full) length of sth是固定搭配，表示“横跨/延伸/走过某物的整个长度”；此处为同种用法，表示“横跨海洋”。length作“长度”讲时既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，故此处可填length；也可填lengths。8are driven考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意和分析句子结构可知，此处that引导定语从句，先行词为主句主语They(指代前一句中的“large ships”)，空处为定语从句的谓语。由于定语从句叙述的是一般情况，定语从

22、句的主语that为复数概念且与drive之间为被动关系，故填are driven。9compared考查非谓语动词/状语从句的省略。本空用所给动词的过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成。又可理解为as compared to many others是状语从句的省略结构，省略了it is。10with考查介词。当你身处一个像一座没有任何缺陷的完整城市一样的舒适的游轮中时，谁还想匆匆忙忙的呢？with表示“有”，此处with与后面的no连用相当于without。C(2019诸暨中学模拟)In 551 BC, Kongzi was born to a poor family in the province

23、 of Shandong.Kongzi 1._ (know) in the Western world as Confucius.Confucius saw many problems in the world in 2._ he lived.He wanted to help make improvements 3._ (change) the world for the better.In order to get into a position of influence, Confucius tried to get himself appointed (任命) as an adviso

24、r to 4._ number of different government officials.5._(unfortunate), he failed and then set out to become a teacher.Confucius believed 6._peace and order.He felt everyone had a proper role in society, and if people were willing to accept their role and behave well，the world would be 7._ (peace)So Con

25、fucius laid out what he called ethics (伦理)These ethics outlined 8._a person should treat others.One of the most important ethics outlined the responsibilities of children to respect and listen to their parents and other elders.During 9._ (he) own lifetime, Confucius teachings were not widely accepte

26、d.However, within a hundred years they were being used by the emperor to help him rule, and finally became a widely 10._ (follow)philosophy.答案1.is known此处是对一般事实的描述，应用一般现在时，且Kongzi与know之间是被动关系，故填is known。2which设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词world，且在从句中作in的宾语，故填which。3to change“帮助改进”的目的是为了“把世界变得更好”，故填to change。4aa

27、number of意为“许多”。5Unfortunately设空处修饰failed，表示“不幸地”，故填Unfortunately。6inbelieve in意为“信仰”。7peaceful设空处作表语，表示“和平的”，故填peaceful。8how设空处引导从句作outlined的宾语，且在从句中作方式状语，故填how。9his设空处限定lifetime(终生)，故填his。10followed设空处作定语修饰philosophy，又因为follow与philosophy之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且follow所表示的动作已完成，故填followed。D(2019北京八中模拟)“Walk th

28、e walk” is almost always said with “talk the talk”For example，“If youre going to talk the talk，youve got to walk the walk.” This is an American alternative to various old 1._(say)，such as “actions speak louder than words” and “practise what you preach”，2._(indicate) the concept that “talk is cheap”T

29、he situation for any use of these expressions 3._(see) as a response to boasting(自夸)People who are accused 4._ such are said to “talk a good game” (in America) or 5._(be) “all mouth and no trousers” (in Britain)Benjamin Franklin is known to have coined the phrase “well done is better than well said”

30、Although it is 6._(certain) in his style，there appears to be no hard evidence to link Franklin to it.The 7._(early) usage of all “walk the walk” that I can actually check is a sentence from the Mansfield News，which 8._(come) out in June 1921.But in Britain 9._ “walk the walk” has never caught on，the phrase is sometimes simplified as “walk the talk”It is clearly a simple misunderstanding of 10._ American original.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。20世纪的美国人对一些多样的古谚语进行转换替代，如“walk the