雅思阅读机经真题回忆及答案解析.docx

1、雅思阅读机经真题回忆及答案解析10月21日雅思阅读机经真题回忆及答案解析 一、 考试概述： 本次考试的文章两篇旧题一篇新题，第一篇是关于托马斯杨这个人的人物传记，第二篇是跟仿生科学相关的，讲人们可以利用自然中的现象改善生活，第三篇介绍了四种不同的性格和它们对团队合作的影响。本次考试第一篇及第三篇文章较容易，最难的为第二篇文章，但是很多考生花费很多时间在第二篇上，导致没时间做简单的第三篇文章，所以希望大家考试中能灵活选择做题顺序。 二、具体题目分析 Passage 1： 题目：Thomas Young 题型：判断题7 +简答题6 新旧程度：旧题 文章大意：关于托马斯杨的个人传记 参考文章： Th

2、omas Young The Last True Know-It-All A Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists) and substantial essays on Bridge,” Chromatics, Egypt, Languages and Tides. Was someone who could write auth

3、oritatively about so many subjects a polymath, a genius or a dilettante? In an ambitious new biography, Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph the last man who knew everything. Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves

4、as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warrens 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlens 2004 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath. B Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Ro

5、yal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper, Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the sha

6、pe of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that, to account for the ability to see in color, there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three principal colors to which the retina could respond: red, green, violet. All these hypothesis were su

7、bsequently proved to be correct. C Later in his life, when he was in his forties, Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone, a tablet that was found in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets: Greek, som

8、ething unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and, as Young deduced, is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family

9、of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an adult. D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England, Young lived from an early age with his

10、maternal grandfather, eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He had devoured books from the age of two, and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin, Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school, he was greatly encouraged by his mothers uncle, Richard Brocklesby, a p

11、hysician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesbys lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London, following the medical circuit, and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh, Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the Univ

12、ersity of Cambridge in 1808, Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. Georges Hospital. E Youngs skill as a physician, however, did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philo

13、sophy or linguistics. Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution, where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society, a post he would

14、hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to an

15、d inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica, and throughout his career he authored numerous books, essays and papers. F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect, but daun

16、ting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinsons aim is to introduce non-scientists to Youngs work and life. He succeeds, providing clear expositions of the technical material (especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs). Some readers of this book will, like Robinson,

17、 find Youngs accomplishments impressive; others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book, readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medic

18、al lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society, attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman. However, his personal life look

19、s pale next to his vibrant career and studies. G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804, and according to Robinson, their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work. Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worri

20、ed about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Youngs relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them, or anyone else, with shaping Youngs extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Youngs r

21、elationships, however, anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book. 参考答案： 判断题： 1.“The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people. TURE 2. All Youngs articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica. FALSE 3. Like others, Young wasnt so brilliant

22、 when grew up. FALSE 4. Youngs talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills. NOT GIVEN 5. Youngs advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues. TRUE 6. Young was interested in various social pastimes. TRUE 7. Young suffered from a disease in his later years. NOT GIVEN

23、填空题： 8. How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica? 46 9. What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper? human eye 10. What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages? Indo-European 11. Who inspired Young to start the medical studie

24、s? Richard Brocklesby 12. Where did Young get a teaching position? Royal Institution 13. What contribution did Young make to London? gas lighting (答案仅供参考) Passage 2： 题目: Learn the nature 题型：段落细节配对4+填空题5+人名理论配对 4 新旧程度：新题 文章大意：讲仿生科学的，写出大自然里有很多现象可以被学习和利用，用于科学研究改善人类社会和生活。 参考文章： 暂无 参考答案： 段落细节配对: 暂无 填空题：

25、18. sun 19. fog 20. wind 21. mouth 22. roof 人名理论配对题： 暂无 (答案仅供参考) Passage 3： 题名：Communicating Styles and Conflict 题型：段落主旨大意题8+判断题5+选择题1 新旧程度：旧题 文章大意：四种不同性格的分类和在职场中的表现 参考文章： Communicating Styles and Conflict Knowing your communication style and having a mix of styles on your team can provide a positiv

26、e force for resolving conflict. Section A As far back as Hippocrates time (460-370 B. C.) people have tried to understand other people by characterizing them according to personality type or temperament. Hippocrates believed there were four different body fluids that influenced four basic types of t

27、emperament. His work was further developed 500 years later by Galen (130-200 A. D.). These days there are any number of self-assessment tools that relate to the basic descriptions developed by Galen, although we no longer believe the source to be the types of body fluid that dominate our systems. Se

28、ction B The value in self-assessments that help determine personality style, learning styles, communication styles, conflict-handling styles, or other aspects of individuals is that they help depersonalize conflict in interpersonal relationships. The depersonalization occurs when you realize that ot

29、hers arent trying to be difficult, but they need different or more information than you do. Theyre not intending to be rude; they are so focused on the task they forget about greeting people. They would like to work faster but not at the risk of damaging the relationships needed to get the job done.

30、 They understand there is a job to do, but it can only be done right with the appropriate information, which takes time to collect. When used appropriately, understanding communication styles can help resolve conflict on teams. Very rarely are conflicts true personality issues. Usually they are issu

31、es of style, information needs, or focus. Section C Hippocrates and later Galen determined there were four basic temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic and choleric. These descriptions were developed centuries ago and are still somewhat apt, although you could update the wording. In todays

32、world, they translate into the four fairly common communication styles described below: Section D The sanguine person would be the expressive or spirited style of communication. These people speak in pictures. They invest a lot of emotion and energy in their communication and often speak quickly, putting their whole body into it. The