雅思阅读机经真题回忆及答案解析.docx

雅思阅读机经真题回忆及答案解析.docx

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雅思阅读机经真题回忆及答案解析

10月21日雅思阅读机经真题回忆及答案解析

一、考试概述：

本次考试的文章两篇旧题一篇新题，第一篇是关于托马斯杨这个人的人物传记，第二篇是跟仿生科学相关的，讲人们可以利用自然中的现象改善生活，第三篇介绍了四种不同的性格和它们对团队合作的影响。

本次考试第一篇及第三篇文章较容易，最难的为第二篇文章，但是很多考生花费很多时间在第二篇上，导致没时间做简单的第三篇文章，所以希望大家考试中能灵活选择做题顺序。

二、具体题目分析

Passage1：

题目：

ThomasYoung

题型：

判断题7+简答题6

新旧程度：

旧题

文章大意：

关于托马斯杨的个人传记

参考文章：

ThomasYoung

TheLastTrueKnow-It-All

AThomasYoung（1773-1829）contributed63articlestotheEncyclopediaBritannica,including46biographicalentries（mostlyonscientistsandclassicists）andsubstantialessaysonBridge,”Chromatics,Egypt,LanguagesandTides.Wassomeonewhocouldwriteauthoritativelyaboutsomanysubjectsapolymath,ageniusoradilettante?

Inanambitiousnewbiography,AndrewRobinsonarguesthatYoungisagoodcontenderfortheepitaphthelastmanwhokneweverything.Younghascompetition,however:

Thephrase,whichRobinsontakesforhistitle,alsoservesasthesubtitleoftwootherrecentbiographies:

LeonardWarren’s1998lifeofpaleontologistJosephLeidy（1823-1891）andPaulaFindlen’s2004bookonAthanasiusKircher（1602-1680）,anotherpolymath.

BYoung,ofcourse,didmorethanwriteencyclopediaentries.HepresentedhisfirstpapertotheRoyalSocietyofLondonattheageof20andwaselectedaFellowaweekafterhis21stbirthday.Inthepaper,Youngexplainedtheprocessofaccommodationinthehumaneyeonhowtheeyefocusesproperlyonobjectsatvaryingdistances.Younghypothesizedthatthiswasachievedbychangesintheshapeofthelens.Youngalsotheorizedthatlighttraveledinwavesandhebelievedthat,toaccountfortheabilitytoseeincolor,theremustbethreereceptorsintheeyecorrespondingtothethreeprincipalcolorstowhichtheretinacouldrespond:

red,green,violet.Allthesehypothesisweresubsequentlyprovedtobecorrect.

CLaterinhislife,whenhewasinhisforties,YoungwasinstrumentalincrackingthecodethatunlockedtheunknownscriptontheRosettaStone,atabletthatwasfoundinEgyptbytheNapoleonicarmyin1799.Thestonecontainstextinthreealphabets:

Greek,somethingunrecognizableandEgyptianhieroglyphs.Theunrecognizablescriptisnowknownasdemoticand,asYoungdeduced,isrelateddirectlytohieroglyphic.HisinitialworkonthisappearedinhisBritannicaentryonEgypt.Inanotherentry,hecoinedthetermIndo-EuropeantodescribethefamilyoflanguagesspokenthroughoutmostofEuropeandnorthernIndia.Thesearethelandmarkachievementsofamanwhowasachildprodigyandwho,unlikemanyremarkablechildren,didnotdisappearintooblivionasanadult.

DBornin1773inSomersetinEngland,Younglivedfromanearlyagewithhismaternalgrandfather,eventuallyleavingtoattendboardingschool.Hehaddevouredbooksfromtheageoftwo,andthroughhisowninitiativeheexcelledatLatin,Greek,mathematicsandnaturalphilosophy.Afterleavingschool,hewasgreatlyencouragedbyhismother’suncle,RichardBrocklesby,aphysicianandFellowoftheRoyalSociety.FollowingBrocklesby’slead,Youngdecidedtopursueacareerinmedicine.HestudiedinLondon,followingthemedicalcircuit,andthenmovedontomoreformaleducationinEdinburgh,GottingenandCambridge.AftercompletinghismedicaltrainingattheUniversityofCambridgein1808,YoungsetuppracticeasaphysicianinLondon.HesoonbecameaFellowoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysiciansandafewyearslaterwasappointedphysicianatSt.George’sHospital.

EYoung’sskillasaphysician,however,didnotequalhisskillasascholarofnaturalphilosophyorlinguistics.Earlier,in1801,hehadbeenappointedtoaprofessorshipofnaturalphilosophyattheRoyalInstitution,wherehedeliveredasmanyas60lecturesinayear.Thesewerepublishedintwovolumesin1807.In1804YounghadbecomesecretarytotheRoyalSociety,aposthewouldholduntilhisdeath.Hisopinionsweresoughtoncivicandnationalmatters,suchastheintroductionofgaslightingtoLondonandmethodsofshipconstruction.From1819hewassuperintendentoftheNauticalAlmanacandsecretarytotheBoardofLongitude.From1824to1829hewasphysiciantoandinspectorofcalculationsforthePalladianInsuranceCompany.Between1816and1825hecontributedhismanyandvariousentriestotheEncyclopediaBritannica,andthroughouthiscareerheauthorednumerousbooks,essaysandpapers.

FYoungisaperfectsubjectforabiography-perfect,butdaunting.Fewmencontributedsomuchtosomanytechnicalfields.Robinson’saimistointroducenon-scientiststoYoung’sworkandlife.Hesucceeds,providingclearexpositionsofthetechnicalmaterial（especiallythatonopticsandEgyptianhieroglyphs）.Somereadersofthisbookwill,likeRobinson,findYoung’saccomplishmentsimpressive;otherswillseehimassomehistorianshave-asadilettante.Yetdespitetherichmaterialpresentedinthisbook,readerswillnotendupknowingYoungpersonally.WecatchglimpsesofaplayfulYoung,doodlingGreekandLatinphrasesinhisnotesonmedicallecturesandtranslatingtheversesthatayoungladyhadwrittenonthewallsofasummerhouseintoGreekelegiacs.Youngwasintroducedintoelitesociety,attendedthetheatreandlearnedtodanceandplaytheflute.Inaddition,hewasanaccomplishedhorseman.However,hispersonallifelookspalenexttohisvibrantcareerandstudies.

GYoungmarriedElizaMaxwellin1804,andaccordingtoRobinson,theirmarriagewasahappyoneandsheappreciatedhiswork.Almostallweknowaboutheristhatshesustainedherhusbandthroughsomerancorousdisputesaboutopticsandthatsheworriedaboutmoneywhenhismedicalcareerwasslowtotakeoff.VerylittleevidencesurvivesaboutthecomplexitiesofYoung’srelationshipswithhismotherandfather.Robinsondoesnotcreditthem,oranyoneelse,withshapingYoung’sextraordinarymind.DespitethelackofdetailsconcerningYoung’srelationships,however,anyoneinterestedinwhatitmeanstobeageniusshouldreadthisbook.

参考答案：

判断题：

1.“Thelastmanwhokneweverything”hasalsobeenclaimedtootherpeople.TURE

2.AllYoung’sarticleswerepublishedinEncyclopediaBritannica.FALSE

3.Likeothers,Youngwasn’tsobrilliantwhengrewup.FALSE

4.Young’stalentsasadoctoraresurpassinghisotherskills.NOTGIVEN

5.Young’sadvicewassoughtbypeopleresponsibleforlocalandnationalissues.TRUE

6.Youngwasinterestedinvarioussocialpastimes.TRUE

7.Youngsufferedfromadiseaseinhislateryears.NOTGIVEN

填空题：

8.HowmanylifestoriesdidYoungwriteforEncyclopediaBritannica?

46

9.WhataspectofscientificresearchdidYoungdoinhisfirstacademicpaper?

humaneye

10.WhatnamedidYoungintroducetorefertoagroupoflanguages?

Indo-European

11.WhoinspiredYoungtostartthemedicalstudies?

RichardBrocklesby

12.WheredidYounggetateachingposition?

RoyalInstitution

13.WhatcontributiondidYoungmaketoLondon?

gaslighting

（答案仅供参考）

Passage2：

题目:

Learnthenature

题型：

段落细节配对4+填空题5+人名理论配对4

新旧程度：

新题

文章大意：

讲仿生科学的，写出大自然里有很多现象可以被学习和利用，用于科学研究改善人类社会和生活。

参考文章：

暂无

参考答案：

段落细节配对:

暂无

填空题：

18.sun

19.fog

20.wind

21.mouth

22.roof

人名理论配对题：

暂无

（答案仅供参考）

Passage3：

题名：

CommunicatingStylesandConflict

题型：

段落主旨大意题8+判断题5+选择题1

新旧程度：

旧题

文章大意：

四种不同性格的分类和在职场中的表现

参考文章：

CommunicatingStylesandConflict

Knowingyourcommunicationstyleandhavingamixofstylesonyourteamcanprovideapositiveforceforresolvingconflict.

SectionA

AsfarbackasHippocrates’time（460-370B.C.）peoplehavetriedtounderstandotherpeoplebycharacterizingthemaccordingtopersonalitytypeortemperament.Hippocratesbelievedtherewerefourdifferentbodyfluidsthatinfluencedfourbasictypesoftemperament.Hisworkwasfurtherdeveloped500yearslaterbyGalen（130-200A.D.）.Thesedaysthereareanynumberofself-assessmenttoolsthatrelatetothebasicdescriptionsdevelopedbyGalen,althoughwenolongerbelievethesourcetobethetypesofbodyfluidthatdominateoursystems.

SectionB

Thevalueinself-assessmentsthathelpdeterminepersonalitystyle,learningstyles,communicationstyles,conflict-handlingstyles,orotheraspectsofindividualsisthattheyhelpdepersonalizeconflictininterpersonalrelationships.Thedepersonalizationoccurswhenyourealizethatothersaren’ttryingtobedifficult,buttheyneeddifferentormoreinformationthanyoudo.They’renotintendingtoberude;theyaresofocusedonthetasktheyforgetaboutgreetingpeople.Theywouldliketoworkfasterbutnotattheriskofdamagingtherelationshipsneededtogetthejobdone.Theyunderstandthereisajobtodo,butitcanonlybedonerightwiththeappropriateinformation,whichtakestimetocollect.Whenusedappropriately,understandingcommunicationstylescanhelpresolveconflictonteams.Veryrarelyareconflictstruepersonalityissues.Usuallytheyareissuesofstyle,informationneeds,orfocus.

SectionC

HippocratesandlaterGalendeterminedtherewerefourbasictemperaments:

sanguine,phlegmatic,melancholicandcholeric.Thesedescriptionsweredevelopedcenturiesagoandarestillsomewhatapt,althoughyoucouldupdatethewording.Intoday’sworld,theytranslateintothefourfairlycommoncommunicationstylesdescribedbelow:

SectionD

Thesanguinepersonwouldbetheexpressiveorspiritedstyleofcommunication.Thesepeoplespeakinpictures.Theyinvestalotofemotionandenergyintheircommunicationandoftenspeakquickly,puttingtheirwholebodyintoit.The