中考If引导的两种从句宾语从句和条件状语.docx

1、中考If引导的两种从句宾语从句和条件状语中考If引导的两种从句（宾语从句和条件状语从句）重点、难点1. 含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中主从句的时态。2. If引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句的区别。 考情分析通常在单项选择、完形填空或补全、完成句子等题型中考查。知能提升（一）知识讲解【认知讲解】I. if引导的宾语从句if 引导宾语从句时，意思为：是否，从句的时态通常要和主句保持一致。【例句】I want to know if he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在那儿。He asked me if I could help him. 他问我是否能帮他。【考查点】if、wheth

2、er引导的宾语从句的区别1. if或whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常放在动词ask、see、say、know和find out等后面。一般情况下，两者常可换用，在口语中多用if。【例句】 Nobody knows whether / if it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。 Lucy asked whether / if they had a cotton sweater. 露西问他们是否有棉制的毛衣。2. if或whether引导宾语从句时，要注意三个方面，即连词、语序和时态。if或whether既不能和that 或其他连词（副词）同时使用，

3、也不能省略。【例句】我不知道他今天是否会来。误 I dont know that if(whether) he will come here today.正 I dont know if(whether) he will come here today.他走过来看看猫是否出了毛病。误 He came to see what if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat .正 He came to see if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat .if或whether引导宾语从句

4、时，虽具有疑问的意义，但其从句应用陈述句的语序。【例句】 Did you know the way to the hospital? The old woman asked me.The old woman asked me if / whether I knew the way to the hospital.老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。 if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时，从句用任一种时态；主句为一般过去时，从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。【例句】 I dont know if (whether) he has come here. 我不知道他是否

5、来过这儿。Tom asked if (whether) I had read the book. 汤姆问我是否看过这本书。3. 只能用whether的情况在动词不定式之前只能用whether：【例句】I cant decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。在whether or not 的固定搭配中：【例句】 I want to know whether its good news or not. 我想知道它是不是好消息。在介词后，只能用whether：【例句】 His father is worried about whether he loses his work.

6、 他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。用if会引起歧义时：【例句】Could you tell me if you know the answer? 这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我你是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether则可避免歧义。 【考题链接】I dont know _ they could pass the exam or not.A. why B. if C. that D. whether答案：D解题思路：本题考查if与whether的区别，在whetheror not的固定搭配中通常只用whether。II. if引导的条件状语从句1. 含义条件状语

7、从句是在复合句中作条件状语的句子。表示假如有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生，条件状语从句常由从属连词if引导。【例句】You will catch the bus if you get up early.如果你早起的话，就能赶上公共汽车。2. 类别主祈从现：主句是祈使句, 从句是由if引导的使用一般现在时的句子。【例句】 If you want to go, please tell me. 如果你想去，请告诉我。Print the photo if you like it. 如果你喜欢这照片就把它打印出来。主将从现：指if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。【例句】 If i

8、t doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall.如果明天不下雨，我们就会去长城。 If you dont get up early, you will be late for school. 如果你不早点起床，你上学就会迟到。3. if引导的条件状语从句用法：（1）位置if引导的条件状语从句，既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。当从句置于主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开。【例句】You will catch the bus if you get up early.=If you get up early, you will catch the b

9、us.如果你早起的话，就能赶上公共汽车。（2）时态应遵循主、从句时态呼应的原则。当主句是一般现在时（包含祈使句和含情态动词can, may, must等的句子），从句也用一般现在时。【例句】You must see the doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。If you want to go skating, wear warm clothes.如果你想去溜冰，穿上暖和的衣服。如果主句是一般将来时，从句必须用一般现在时。【例句】 You will be late for school if you get up late.如果你起晚了，你上学将迟到。If

10、 it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the Great Wall.如果明天下雨，我们就不去长城了。（3）在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时时，不能使用be going to结构，而要用will。【例句】Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果明天我有空，我会帮助你学英语。（4）在if引导的条件状语从句中不能使用some，而要用any。【例句】If you have any questions to ask, please come to my office. 如果你有问题要问的话，

11、请到我办公室来。（5）同义句转换if引导的条件状语从句可转换成简单句，其方法如下：* 借助“祈使句+and/ or+简单句”结构。其中and表示句意顺承，or表示句意转折。【例句】If you work hard, youll pass the exam.=Work hard, and youll pass the exam.如果你努力学习，你就会通过考试。If you dont hurry up, youll be late.= Hurry up, or youll be late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到。*借助介词with 或without来转换。【例句】If you help me,

12、Ill finish my job soon.=With your help, Ill finish my job soon.如果你帮我，我将很快完成我的工作。If there is no water, fish may die.= Fish may die without water.如果没有水，鱼可能会死。另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，即一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。【例句】If I were you，I would invite him to the party如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would

13、 have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic要不是交通堵塞，我会来得更早一些。4. 口诀：if 条件句不一般，几个要点记心间； 条件句，放在前，逗号要放句中间。 条件句表可能，主句多用将来时； 条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。 III. If引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句的区别if引导条件状语从句时意为“如果”，引导宾语从句时意为“是否”，可用whether替换。【例句】1) We will go out if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天好，我们就出去。2) I dont know i

14、f the train has arrived. 我不知道火车是否已经到达。句1)中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”。句2)中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。【考题链接】 I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If答案：D解题思路：第一个空处为宾语从句的引导词，用if、whether都可以；第二个空为条件状语从句的引导词，需用if，综合考虑，D项正确。（二）提分技巧

15、1. 熟练掌握if引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句的特点。 2. 熟知if引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句引导词的区别。 一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读下面的材料.从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Dear Lucy, How are you? It has been a month since my family left Hong Kong for England and we are fine. England is very different from Hong Kong. The weather is terrible and it rains a lot. Th

16、e buildings are funny. They are in rows and not high. I love them because the rooms are much larger. Im having a wonderful at my new school and my new home! Mum and Dad are happy with their new jobs. But my brother Jack doesnt like moving to England because he misses his friends so much. Ive made lo

17、ts of new friends at school. My teachers are really nice too and my English has improved a lot. After school, we can take part in relaxing activities such as sport, watching films or playing computer games. Theres a park near the school where I often go with the other students at the weekend. We are

18、 travelling back to Hong Kong for the summer holiday. I will visit you and bring you a present! Write back soon!Love,Sandy（1）Where did Sandys family live before? A.Hong Kong.B.Sydney.C.New York.D.London.（2）Sandy loves the buildings in England because their rooms are . A.cheaperB.warmerC.newerD.large

19、r（3）How many people are there in Sandys family? A.2.B.4.C.6.D.8.（4）Who does not like moving to England? A.Dad.B.Mum.C.Jack.D.Sandy.（5）What is the letter mainly about? A.Sandys summer holiday.B.Sandys parents.C.Sandys new classmates.D.Sandvs new life.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C（5）D 【解析】【分析】文章大意：Sandy向Lucy介

20、绍了他一家从香港搬到英国后的生活状况。 （1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句It has been a month since my family left Hong Kong for England and we are fine.理解可知，Sandy以前住在香港，故选A。 （2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句They are in rows and not high. I love them because the rooms are much larger.理解可知，Sandy喜欢英国房子的原因就是比香港的大很多，故选D。 （3）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Mum and Dad are happ

21、y with their new jobs. But my brother Jack doesnt like moving to England because he misses his friends so much.理解可知，Sandy一家有四口人，故选B。 （4）细节理解题。根据文中的语句But my brother Jack doesnt like moving to England because he misses his friends so much.可知，Jack不喜欢搬家到英国，故选C。 （5）理解归纳题。通读全文可知此文主要介绍了Sandy到英国以后的新生活，故选D。

22、【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。2根据短文内容，判断句子正误。 Alice was a student in a secondary school. The school was on the other side of the street from my house. Every day. I watched her play basketball after school from my house. She played very well, much better than an

23、y other of her classmates. And she never stopped. She practised over and over again, sometimes until it was very dark. One day, I asked her, why do you practise so hard? You are playing very well. Thats because I want to play in the city basketball team, she looked at me and said proudly. But Im sti

24、ll not good enough. I must work hard. I was moved by her great courage. Another day, I saw her crying on the grass, instead of playing basketball. I walked across the street and sat down by her side. Why are you crying, girl? I asked. The coach of the city basketball team told me that I couldnt go o

25、n playing basketball because I was too short. But some days later, I saw her playing basketball again, practising even harder than before. I was curious(好奇的) and asked her the reason. My father told me if my dream is big enough, nothing can stop me. I was moved again.（1）Alices school was not far awa

26、y from the writers home. （2）The writer was touched when he heard what Alice said in the third paragraph. （3）From the passage we know Alice was a hard-working girl. （4）Alices father told her that she was too short to go on playing basketball. （5）Alice might give up playing basketball according to the

27、 last paragraph. 【答案】 （1）1（2）1（3）1（4）0（5）0 【解析】【分析】本文讲述了Alice因为不能继续打篮球，非常难过。 （1）推理题。根据 I watched her play basketball after school from my house 放学后，我在家看她打篮球 ， 可知爱丽丝的学校离作家的家不远 ， 故正确。 （2）细节题。根据 I was moved by her great courage ， 可知当作者听到爱丽丝所说的话时，他很感动 ， 故正确。 （3）推理题。根据She practised over and over again, s

28、ometimes until it was very dark她一遍又一遍地练习，有时直到天黑 ， 可知从文章中我们知道爱丽丝是一个勤奋的女孩 ， 故正确。 （4）细节题。根据 The coach of the city basketball team told me that I couldnt go on playing basketball because I was too short 教练告诉我，我不能继续打篮球，因为我太矮了，可知爱丽丝的父亲告诉她，她太矮了，不能继续打篮球是错的 ， 故错误。 （5）推理题。根据 nothing can stop m没有什么能阻止我，可知爱丽丝可能

29、会放弃打篮球是错的 ， 故错误。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。3阅读短文，判断正误。 My interest in cooking started when I was 11, partly thanks to my mother. She didnt really like cooking and when she did cook. I didnt like her food. Once I was watching something about cooking on TV and I thought I could do this, so I went to the bookstore and looked for the biggest cookbook I could find. During a year, I had made most of its r