段落写作技巧Word文件下载.docx

段落写作技巧Word文件下载.docx

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写主题句的要点包括：

1） 

主题句共分两部份：

Topic+ControllingIdea

例如：

Smokingcigarettesishazardoustoyourhealth. 

Topic

ControllingIdea

2） 

主题句不能太含糊，范围太大，令人不明白你的重点；

若主题句太细致，则很难再去阐述或讨论下去，所以要在限定范围内展开你的话题。

Exerciseisgoodforyou.（toogeneral）

Aerobicexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.（suitable）

Drivingacarcanbehazardous.（toogeneral）

Drunkdrivingishazardous.（suitable）

3） 

主题句可放在段落之首，中间或是最后，也可隐藏于句中，视乎你想怎样表达。

不过，很多时候，在开首写出主题句的方式，较容易引起读者的注意，同时，便于环绕中心主题铺陈开展下文，引导读者了解段落大意。

4） 

主题句必须表达你对该题目的独特见解，所持态度，或是理据所在，才能吸引读者继续看下去。

Exercise:

Chooseoneofthefollowingtopicsandbrainstormthetopic.Afterwritingeverythingthatcomestoyourmindonthetopic,sortthroughthelistandchooseanideathatinterestsyou.Writeatopicsentencethathasacontrollingidea.Ifnecessary,narrowdownthetopicfurther.

Aninterestingcustom

Amemorableteacher

Videogames

Gambling

Typhoon

Communication

第二课：

SupportingDetails

当你决定了主题句（Topicsentence）后，下一步便是提出论点，支持或说明你的主题句，包括：

Examples,information,evidence,factsetc.

Afinalexaminationinacoursewillgiveastudenttheinitiativetodohisorherbestworkthroughoutthecourse.Studentswhoareonlytakingnotesandattendingclassesinordertopassafewshorttestswillnotputforththeirbesteffort.Forinstance,someofmyfriendsindrama,inwhichthereisnofinalexamination,takepoornotes,whichtheythrowawayaftereachshorttest.Skippingclassesalsobecomespopular.Imaginetheincrediblechangeafinalexaminationwouldproduce.Studentswouldhavetotakegoodnotesandattendallclassesinordertobepreparedforthefinalexamination.

---SuzanneGremillion

这段落的中心思想说明：

“Theadvantagesofthefinalexamination”。

首句先点明主旨，并以戏剧班为例，加强主题的说服力，每句的意思都环绕着这个中心开展，作出比较，最后一句撮要本段意思。

现以表列出此段之结构，令大家更容易明白。

Topic:

Theadvantagesofafinalexamination

TopicSentence:

Afinalexaminationinacoursewillgiveastudenttheinitiativetodohisorherbestworkthroughoutthecourse.

SupportingDetails:

（Reasons:

）

Ifthereisnofinalexamination,somestudents:

1）willnottrytheirbest.

2）takepoornotes

3）throwawaythenotesaftereachshorttest

4）skipclass

Conclusion:

（whatkindofconclusion:

hopeforchange,summaryoradvice?

Studentswouldhavetotakegoodnotesandattendallclassesinordertobepreparedforthefinalexamination. 

（summary）

1.Dividethefollowingparagraphintothreeparts:

introduction,supportingdetailsandconclusion.

2.Whichsentencehasthemainideaoftheparagraph?

3.Thewritermustsupporthismainidea.Howmanyreasonsorexamplesdoesthewritergive?

4.Doesthewritergivedetailstoexplaineachreasonorexample?

5.Doesthewriteruseanyspecialwordsinthediscussiontohelpyouunderstandhowmanyreasonsorexampleshehas?

6.Whatdoestheconclusiondo?

Doesitgiveasummary,hopeforachangeorgiveadvice?

TimesSquaresisunquestionablythecenterofentertainmentinNewYorkCity.TherearenearlyahundredBroadwaytheatersandOff-Broadwaystages.Peoplecanchoosemanykindsofmusicalsfrominternationalwell-knownclassicaltolivelyandunusualproductions.Forexample,IhaveseenseveralBroadwayshowslike“Cats”and“MissSaigon.”Ienjoyedtheemotionalsongsandexperiencedtheirjoysandsadness.BesidesBroadwaytheaters,therearealotofmovietheatersinwhichmostrecentHollywoodfirst-runfilmsareshown.Peoplecanseedifferentpopularfilmsandspendawholedayinthesetheaters.Moreover,duringlunchtime,therearesomestreetperformancessuchasJazzandHardRock.Peoplecrowdthestreetandlistentoethnicandexperimentalmusicwithspecialsoundeffects.Asaresult,noonefeelsboredinTimesSquaresasitbringsherorhimarichvarietyofentertainmentlikeBroadwaymusicals,moviesandstreetshows.

Topicsentence:

Firstreason:

Support:

Secondreason:

Support:

Thirdreason:

Whatkindofconclusion:

第三课：

Unity&

Coherence

Unity统一性

段落中每一句均须与此段的主题相关，并提供数据来支持主题，句子间必须先后有序，合乎逻辑，否则便会欠缺统一性。

当你写下一段落时，必须检查每句的内容是否依据主旨，如果不是的话，便要修改或移到另一段。

Learningaforeignlanguagehaschanged.Notlongago,studentswouldsitwithpeninhand,writingthebasicformsofalanguage,learningstructurestheywouldneverbeabletospeak.Inthatsameclassroomtoday,pensandnotebookshavebeenputaway.Thespokensoundsofforeigntonguefilltheroom.Todaythelastskilllearned---writingaforeignlanguage---comesasanaturalandpossiblepartofthetotallanguage-learningprocess.Yet,justafewyearsago,thelastskilllearnedwasthefirstskillmasteredtoday---speakingaforeigntongue.Tovisitsomeforeigncountries,travelershavetoapplyforvisas. 

Learningaforeignlanguagehaschanged.

*不统一句子：

Tovisitsomeforeigncountries,travelershavetoapplyforvisas. 

由以上段落可见每句均围绕主旨而发展，主题句：

「学习外国语言已经改变了」，但当中有一句：

「Tovisitsomeforeigncountries,travelershavetoapplyforvisas.」则是说申请护照的，明显地不合此段主题learningaforeignlanguage，所以必须移走此句，才使本段意思归一。

Coherence连贯性

段落除了须要统一性及文字流畅外，还要句与句，字与字之间有连贯性，要达到此点，便须作出适当排序，如果一段落内句子不统一，则即使有连贯性也没用，反之，若没有连系的句子乱成一团，就算全部与主旨有关，也是令读者看不懂，所以，要做好构段，unity及coherence二者缺一不可。

要令一段落有连贯性，可使用transitionalwords，现以第二课的练习题说明之：

从以上段落中，可以找到一些transitionalwords，即「Forexample,Besides,Moreover,Asaresult,」用以增加句子之间的连贯性，令段落安排更有次序，而透过这些转折词及字，令读者亦易于明白和找到支持主旨的理据SupportingDetails。

Chooseoneofthefollowingtopicsentences,andwriteaplanforaparagraph.First,copythetopicsentence,andthenlistthreetofourpointstosupportit.Finally,makeyourconclusion.

TopicSentences

NewYorkCityisthebestcityintheworldbecauseithasalotofopportunitiestostudy.

2）

Somepromisesareeasytomakeandhardtokeep.

3）

Standinginasubwaystation,Ibegantoappreciatetheplace.

4）

Althoughmanyyoungpeopleusesuicideasathreat,itshouldbeseenasacallforhelp.

5）

Knowinganotherlanguagewillbringyougreaterrespectwhennegotiatingordealingabroad.

第四课：

Transitions&

Conjunctions

句子中的连接词或字可以帮助段落的连贯性，所以在这一课中特别介绍一些常见的Transitions&

Conjunctions供大家参考之用。

1）Transitions:

Purpose

TransitionalExpressions

表示时间

next,then,after,before,later,soon,during,while,meanwhile,following,shortly,thereafter,thenextday,finally.

表示地方

above,over,inside,totheleft/right,behind,beyond,inthecenter,straightahead,nextto,ontheside,atthetop,opposite,below,under,atthefront,around,near.

表示顺序

first,second,next,then,last,finally,aboveall,firstofall.

表示补充

inaddition,moreover,similarly,likewise,and,again,also,besides,further,furthermore,

表示转折

but,however,conversely,inspiteof,nevertheless,eventhough,ontheotherhand,afterall,still,onthecontrary,yet,whereas.

表示比较

bycomparison,likewise,similarly,inthesameway.

表示结果

asaresult,thus,hence,accordingly,therefore,consequently,then,so.

表示原因

because,for,as,since,owingto.

表示例证

forexample,forinstance,toillustrate.

表示总结

inshort,insummary,inconclusion,tosumup,therefore,inbrief,toconclude,allinall,inotherwords.

加强语气

certainly,undoubtedly,indeed,truly,infact,surely.

用法

（一）：

在使用某些转折字时，必须了解标点符号的用法。

例如：

若在一句子中使用引申或转折意思，如下列所示，便要用分号和逗号。

_______________;

consequently,

______________________.

furthermore,

however,

indeed,

moreover,

nevertheless,

therefore,

Forexample:

Youcannotgotothebeachbecauseitisrainingheavily;

moreover,youhaven'

tfinishedyourhomework. 

用法

（二）：

如果要表示两句子间的意思衔接或转移，则运用标点符号时便如下列所示：

Consequently,

Furthermore,

However,

Indeed,

Moreover,

Neverthe