北京天坛英文导游词.docx
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北京天坛英文导游词
北京天坛英文导游词
关于《北京天坛英文导游词》,是我们特意为大家整理的,希望对大家有所帮助。
LadiesandGentlemen:
WelcometothetempleofHeaven.(Afterself-introduction)preservedculturalheritagesofChina.Therearebasicallytwokindsofvisitorswhocomehere:
localpensionerswhodoexerciseshereinthemorningandeveningandsightseersbothfromhomeandabroad.Allinall,thereare12millionvisitorsveryyear.Nowwearegoingtogoalongtheroutethatleadstothealter.Itwilltakeroughlyonehour.Mindyou,theemperoralsowalkedalongthisroutetopaytributetotheGodofHeaven.
(AlongtheSouthernSacredRoadleadingtotheCircularMoundAltar)
ThelargestgroupofarchitecturesevertobededicatedtoHeaven,theTempleofHeavenservedasanexclusivealtarforChinesemonarchsduringtheMingandQingdynasties.ItwasdecreedthatrulersofsuccessivedynastieswouldplacealtarsintheirowncapitalstoworshipHeavenandprayforgoodharvest.Butwhy?
TheancientChinesebelievedthatHeavenwasthesupremeruleroftheuniverseandthefateofmankind,andthusworshipingritesdedicatedtoHeavencameintobeing.
TheHeaventheancientChinesereferredtowasactuallytheUniverse,ornature.Inthosedays,therewerespecficritesofworship.ThiswasespeciallytrueduringtheMingandQingdynastieswhenelaborateceremonieswereheld.
TheTempleofHeavenwasbuiltin1420duringthereignofEmperorYoungleoftheMingDynasty.Situatedinthesouthernpartofthecity,thisgrandsetofstructurescoversanareaof273hectares.Tobettersymbolizeheavenandearth,thenorthernpartoftheTempleiscircularwhilethesouthernpartissquare.Thewholecompoundisenclosedbytwowalls,asquarewalloutsidearoundone.Theouterareaischaracterizedbysuburbanscenery,whiletheinnerpartisusedforsacrifices.TheinnerenclosureconsistsoftheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestandtheCircularMoundAltar.
(AlongtheImperialPassageleadingfromtheSouthernLatticeStarGateinfrontoftheCircularMoundAltar)
theCircularMoundAltarisenclosedbytwowalls,eachcontainingfourgroupsofSouthernLatticeStarGate,eachinturnconsistingofthreedoors,with24marbledoorsaltogether.Standingonthepassagefacingnorth,youwillnoticethatwitheachpairofdoorsonisnarrowerthantheother.Thisreflectsthefeudalhierarchy:
thewiderdoorwasreservedformonarchs,whilethenarroweronewasusedbycourtiers.
Onthedayoftheceremony,theemperorwoulddonhisritualcostumeandbeusheredinbytheofficialinchargeofreligiousaffairs.Heascendedthethreeterracesintheforefronttopaytributeatthealter.
(AtoptheCircularMoundAlter)
wearenowonthetopterraceoftheAltar,orthethirdterrace.Eachterracehasaflightof9steps.Atthecenterofthisterraceliesaroundstonesurroundedby9steps.Atthecenterofthisterraceliesaroundstonesurroundedby9concentricringsofstone.Thenumberofstonesinthefirstringis9,inthesecond,18,upto81inthe9thring.Eventhenumberofcarvedbalustradesontheseterracesisamultipleeof9.Butwhy?
AccordingtoancientChinesephilosophy,yinandyangweretwoopposingfactors.HeavenandtheoddnumbersbelongedtoyangwhiletheEarthandevennumbersbelongedtoyin.Ninewasthelargestheavenlynumberaccessibletoman.Whatismore,theancientpeoplealsobelievedthatheavenconsistedofninelayersandthattheemperor`sabodewasontheuppermosttier.
Oncemorelookattheroundstoneinthecenter.Theupperterraceisninezhang(aChineseunitoflength,onezhangequals3.3meters)incircumference,whilethemiddleis15zhang,thelower,21zhang.Classifiedasyangnumbers,thesumofthesenumeralsis45zhangwhichwasmeanttosymbolizedsuccess.Whatismore,byapplyingtheconceptofoddnumbersandstrengtheningnineanditsmultiples,theconceptofheavenwasthusillustratedandrealized.Theconceptofninewillalsobementionedwhenwevisitsomeotherbuildings.
NowIwillgiveyouabriefaccountofwhathappenedhereannuallyontheInterSolstice.ThememorialtabletdedicatedtoHeavenwouldbesetuponthenorthsideoftheterrace,whiletabletsdedicatedtotheemperor`sancestorswouldbeenshrinedontheflanks.Theservicewouldbeginaround4o`clockinthemorning.Allofthelanternswouldbelit.Intheforeground,asacrificialcalfisbeingbarbecued.Onthesquareinfrontofthealtar,theemperor,underheavyescortofnearlyathousandcourtiers,princesofroyalblood,musicians,dancersanduniformedsoldiers,wouldslowlyascendthealtartooffersacrificeandprayinhonorofHeaven.Whentheservicedrewtoaclose,thesacrificeofferedinfrontofthememorialtabletswouldbeincinerated.AllofparticipantswouldwatchthethicksmokeriseupwardasiftheywereseeingGodoff.Musicanddancingwouldfollow.Intheend,theemperorwouldreturntotheForbiddenCitysecureinthebeliefthathewouldbeblessedandprotectedbyHeavenuntilthenextwinterSolstice.
Itisinterestingtonotethat,thestoneintheverymiddleofthealtarwasofmajorimportance,sinceitwaswheretheemperorusedtostandtosayhisprayer.Thestone,whichisknownastheGod`sheartStone,ispeculiarinthatitischaracterizedbyaspecificacousticphenomenon:
itmadetheemperor`svoiceclearerandlouder,thusaddingtothemysticatmosphereoftheservice.Youcantrythisoutbyyourself.(ProceednorthwardtopassthroughtheLatticeStarGate)
(InfrontoftheGateofglazedtiles)
thisstructureisknownasHeaven`sStorehouse.ItisenteredthroughtheGateofglazedTiles.Theroofing,beams,andbracketsareallmadeofglazedtilesorbricks.Thisistheonlystructureofitskindinchinatoday.
theHeaven`sStorehousewaswherememorialtabletsdedicatedtothegodswerekept.DouglasHurd,aformerBritishforeighsecretary,oncesaid,“GodattendstoHisaffairsontheCir4cularMoundAltarbutstayshere.”Nowlet`sgointotoseeit(Gothroughtheleftsidedoor)
(InthecourtyardofHeaven`sStorehouse)
thisistheImperialVaultofHeaven,themainstructureofHeaven`sStorehouse.Itwasbuiltin1530andis17metersinheightand19metersindiameter.Thestructurefeatureblueroofstoppedbyagildedball,andcarvedwoodendoorsandwindows.Itisdecoratedwithcoloredpaintings.Foundedona3-meter-hignroundmarbleterrace,thebuildingalsofeaturesagiganticcarvedmarbleramplaidinthestonestaircaseleadinguptothefrontentrance..Therampiscarvedin“TwodragonsPlayingwithapearl”designinrelief.Wewillenterthemainhallbygoingupthestonestaircaseontheeasternside.
(Onthemarbleterraceofthemainhall)
thearchofthehallisbuttressedby16giantpillarsontworings.Ontopofthepillarstherearegiltbracketssupportingacircularcaisson,orcoveredceiling.Theceilingischaracterizedbyagoldencoilingdragondesign.The8pillaroftheinnerringarepaintedscarletanddecoratedwithgoldenlotuses.
Tothenorthofthehallthereisamarblepedestal.Atopit,upawoodenflightof9steps,iswherethemajortabletdedicatetoHeavenwasenshrined.OneachflankfourtabletsareenshrinedinhonoroftheancestorsoftheQingemperors.IntheannexhallinhornoroftheancestorsoftheQingemperors.Intheannexhallsinthecourtyard,therearetabletsdedicatedtothedeitiesofthesun,moon,constellation,cloud,rain,windandthunder.
(EchoWallandTriple–soundStones)
Asidefromexquisitelylaidoutarchitectures,Heaven`sStorehouseisalsofamousfortwostructureswithpeculiaracousticfeatures,i.E.theEchoWallandtheTriple-SoundStone.Amerewhisperatanypointclosetothewallcanbeheardclearlyontheotherside,althoughthepartiesmaybe40or50metersapart.Thisispossiblebecausethewallisroundandhermeticallyconstructedwithsmooth,solidbricks.
InfrontofthestepsleadingawayfromthehallsistheTripleSoundStone.Ifyoustandonthefirststoneandcalloutorclapyourhands,thesoundwillechoonce;onthesecondstone,thesoundwillbeheardtwice;andonthethirdstone,thesoundwillrepeatthreetimes.Hencethename.(Gooutthroughtherightdoorandstrollalongthecircularpathnorthward)
(Nine-DragonCypress)
theTempleofHeavenisalsofamousforitscypresstrees-therearemorethan60,000cypresstreesinall,amongwhichover4,000aremorethanonehundredyearsold,addingtothesolemnatmosphereofthetemple.Thistallcypresswasplantedmorethan500yearsago.Itsthickbranchesandtwistingtrunkresemblingninecoilingplayfuldragons;thusitisknownastheNine-Dragoncypress.Itissaidthatthistreewasheretowelcomethemonarchs.Nowitisheretowelcomevisitorfromallovertheworld.
(InthesouthofChengzhenGate)
nowwearebackagainontheCentralAxis.Thisbrick-archedgateisknownasChengzhen(AdoptingFidelity).ThisgateisthenortherngateoftheCircularMoundAltarandtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest.TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestissituatedattheextremeendoftheaxis.Itwasusedbytheemperorinthefirstmonthofeverylunaryearforservicesdedicatedtogoodharvest.
(OntheRedStairwayBridge)
enteringtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest,wesetfootonaraisedpassage360meterslong,whichtheemperoralsotooktoproceedtothehall.Thisbroadnorth-southwalkway,calledDanbiqiao(RedStairwaybridge),connectsthetwosetsofmainbuildingintheTempleofHeavenandconstitutesasingleaxis.
Thepassageisdividedintoleft,controlandrightpathsbythecrossarrangementofslabs.The