跨文化交际教案.docx

跨文化交际教案.docx

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跨文化交际教案

《跨文化交际》教学大纲

一、课程基本信息

1、课程中、英文名称：

跨化交文际、InterculturalCommunication

2、课程类别：

专业专选课程

3、课程学时：

30学时

4、学分：

2

二、课程的目的与任务：

跨文化交际作为一门学科涉及到文化和交际的各个层面，包括语言交际、非语言交际、人们之间的相互交往，以及不同文化之间的观念和信仰等。

该课程的目的在于通过不同文化差异的比较研究，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性，提高不同文化语境中语言交际的能力，从而更好地适应不同文化环境。

使学生了解其他文化的社会文化习俗和价值观念；通过学习跨文化交际原理，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性，增加跨文化交际意识，并最终形成跨文化交际能力。

三、课程的重点和基本要求：

（一）课程的重点

本课程教学的重点是增强学生对跨文化交际中文化差异的敏感性，帮助学员解决在跨文化交际中因文化的差异而产生的种种问题。

通过典型实力分析，模拟交流联系，交际失误分析，英汉双向练习等多种形式，使学生认识语言，文化和交际三者之间的关系，加深对对象国文化的了解，掌握在处理跨文化交际中一些微妙问题时所需要的基本知识和技巧，提高跨文化交流的质量。

（二）．基本要求：

1、了解跨文化交际研究的范围和目前发展的动向。

2、掌握跨文化交际研究的基本方法，并运用来解决一些实际问题。

3、奠定向该学科研究纵深发展的理论基础。

四、教学内容、要求及学时分配：

1.总论：

什么叫跨文化交际（4学时）：

跨文化交际的定义；跨文化交际的研究范围和基本方法及手段。

2.交际和文化的定义（6学时）：

交际的构成要素分析；文化的定义：

高层文化，民间文化和深层文化；交际与文化的切合点。

3.文化差异（6学时）：

文化差异的界定；东西方文化差异，包括东西方人际关系对比。

4.语言与文化（6学时）：

语言与文化的关系；词汇的文化内涵；语言学习与文化知识的吸收。

5.中国学生典型文化错误分析（6学时）：

不熟悉对方文化引起的错误；忽略对方文化差异引起的错误；母语文化负迁移引起的错误。

6.跨文化交际与语言教学（4学时）：

增强文化敏感性在语言教学中的必要性和重要性；怎样在语言教学中提高文化敏感性。

在学习方式上，利用网络为本课程学生提供了大量的网上资料，包括本课程的教案、大纲、习题，以及展现中英文化特色的文化图片、文化视听材料等。

本课程的教学特点是寓教于乐，通过精心设计的课堂活动使学生仿佛身临其境般地感受他国文化，体验真实的跨文化交际感受。

通过案例分析和课堂讨论等方法使学生在轻松愉快的氛围中了解中英文化差异，学习跨文化交际的技巧，最终达到教学的目的。

五、考试考核办法：

笔试

六、教材及参考书：

（一）教材：

LarryA.Samovar,RichardE.Porter,LisaA.Stefani

CommunicationBetweenCultures

LarryBrooks/ThomsonLearningAsia

外语教学与研究出版社

（二）参考书：

《跨文化交际学》贾玉新著，上海外语教育出版社。

1997

WadsworthPublishingCompany,1994

教案正文：

PartOneCommunicationandCulture

Preface:

Rational,

Approach,

Philosophy,

Organization,

Newfeatures

AcknowledgmentsPreface:

Rational,

Approach,

Philosophy,

Organization,

Newfeatures

ChapterOneInterculturalCommunication:

Interactioninachangingworld

教学要点:

ImportanceofInterculturalcommunication

Todayinterculturalcommunicationencountersaredifferentfromencountersfromthepast.

Internationalcontacts

Newtechnology,growthoftheworld’spopulation,andtheshiftsintheglobaleconomicarenahavecontributedtoincreasedinternationalcontacts.

DomesticContacts

1.Domesticcontactsareincreasingbecausenewimmigrantsandco-culturesaregrowinginnumbers.

2.Settingsthataremostaffectedbytheseculturalchangesaretheeducationalsystem,theworkplace,andinterpersonalrelationships.

StudyingInternationalCommunication

•Thehazardsofstudyinginterculturalcommunicationareovergeneralizingandforgettinghowcomplexthenatureofhumanbehaviouris.

•Wearemorethanourculture.Weneedtounderstandthedynamicsofimagesofone'sowncultureandtheforeignone.

•Weneedtofacepossibleproblemsofacculturationandcultureclash

Activities:

•Insmallgroups,identifythevariouswaysinwhichmembersofthedominantculture,otherethniccultures,andco-culturestreatmembersofothergroups.Howdoeseachcultureorgroupbehaveandcommunicateethnocentrically?

•Discusstypicalcommunicationbehaviorandsystemsinourcountry

•Whatareourfeelingswhenweinteractwithpeoplewhohaveacompletelydifferentbehaviortoours?

•Whydoweneedtolearnthissubject?

Answer:

Theworldtodayischaracterizedbyanevergrowingnumberofcontactsresultingincommunicationbetweenpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticandculturalbackgrounds.Thiscommunicationtakesplacebecauseofcontactswithintheareasofbusiness,militarycooperation,science,education,massmedia,entertainment,tourismbutalsobecauseofimmigrationbroughtaboutbylaborshortageorpoliticalconflicts.Inallthesecontacts,thereiscommunicationwhichneedstobeasconstructiveaspossible,withoutmisunderstandingsandbreakdowns.Itisourbeliefthatresearchonthenatureoflinguisticandculturalsimilaritiesanddifferencesherecanplayapositiveandconstructiverole.Weareinlivingintheworldwhere

•Techniciansandexecutivescooperatingininternationalteams

•Peoplefrequentlycontactingrepresentativesfromothercultures

•Peopleparticipatingininternationalprojects

Weneed:

•Toidentifythecharacteristicsoftheotherculture:

values,norms,stylesofcommunication

•Toovercomethesensationofinsecuritywhenrelatingwithpeoplefromothercultures

•Toaid（re）orientationinunknownenvironments

•Todevelopthecapacitytounderstandradicallydifferentbehavior

Linguisticandculturalsimilaritiesanddifferencescanplayapositiveandconstructiverole.

Thegoaloftheinterculturalcommunicationistopromoteresearchbutalsoeducationandtrainingintheareaofinterculturalcommunication.Thegreatinterestshownintheactivitieswithintheareaofinterculturalcommunication.

教学时数：

2学时

ChapterTwo:

CommunicationandCulture:

VoiceandtheEcho

教学要点：

Humancommunication

•Communicationisadynamic,systematicprocessinwhichmeaningsarecreatedandreflectedinhumaninteractionwithsymbols.Putmoresimply,settingandenvironmenthelpdeterminethewordsandactionswegenerateandthemeaningswegivethesymbolsproducedbyotherpeople.Otherelementsassociatedwiththesystemic（交通）natureofcommunicationareplace,occasion,timeandnumberofparticipants.

•Thelargestsystemaffectingcommunicationisourculture,whichisthecontextwithinwhichallourinteractionstakeplace.Therules,values,norms,traditions,taboos,andcustomsofacultureallaffecttheotherareasofthecommunicationsystem.

Theactofcommunicationproduceschangeinpeople.

Acommonbeginning,anatomy,gender,age,culture,andthelikemaybindus,butourisolatedmindsanduniqueexperienceskeepusapart.Cultural,aswellasindividualdifferenceskeepusapart.Ourresolutionsforeachissuehavetheirrootsdeepinculture.Asuccessfulinterculturalcommunicatorappreciatessimilaritiesandacceptsdifferences.

•Communicationiscontextual:

messagechangealwaystakesplaceinaspecificlocation,notavacuum.

•Understandingcharacteristicsofcommunicationwithanotherhumanbeing.Wecanonlyinferwhatanotherisexperiencing,andwedothisbyusingthesymbolsthatweandotherpeoplehaveproduced.

•Communicationisalsoawaywedefineourworld.Wegivemeaningtoeventsandpeople,forexample,sothatwecanfunctioninvariousgroupsandbemembersofoursociety.

•Communicationisreflective:

wecanwatchourselvesandevaluatehowwearecommunicatingwhilewearedoingit.

•Thebrainisanopensystem:

wecanlearnfromeachencounterinwhichwefindourselves.

•Ourcommunicativebehaviorhasconsequences.

•Peoplearealikeanddifferent.Weallfacemanyofthesamefrustrationresultingfromourphysicalisolationfromeachother.

Culture

•Wedefinecultureasthedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,meanings,hierarchies（等级）,religion,notionsoftime,roles,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.

Cultureislearned,actedout,transmitted,andpreservedthroughcommunication.Theissueofintentionalityandunintentionality（oneofthereasondifficulttolocateasingledefinitionofcommunication）.

•Cultureiseverythingandeverywhere.Culturegovernsanddefinestheconditionsandcircumstancesunderwhichvariousmessagesmayormaynotbesent,noticedorinterpreted.

Allthosewhoshareacommonculturecanbeexpectedtobehavecorrectly,automatically,andpredictably.Hence,cultureshieldspeoplefromtheunknownbyofferingthemablueprintforalloflife’sactivities.

•Theworldisaconfusingplaceuntilwecanmakesomesenseofit,sothebasicfunctionofcultureistoexplaintheworldtoeachnewmemberoftheculture.Bytellinguswhattoexpect,culturereducesconfusionandhelpsuspredictthefuture.

•Sevencharacteristicsofculturethatmostdirectlyaffectcommunicationarethatitis

（1）learned,

（2）transmittedfromgenerationtogeneration,（3）basedonsymbols,（4）dynamic,（5）integrated,（6）ethnocentric,and（7）

adaptive.

Interculturalcommunication

•Interculturalcommunicationisacommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.

•Interracialcommunicationoccurswhensourceandreceiverarefromdifferentraces.

•Interethniccommunicationreferssituationsinthepartiesareofthesameracebutofdifferentethnicorigins.

•Intraculturalcommunicationisacommunicationbetweenmembersofthesameculture,includingracial,ethnic,andotherco-cultures.

ElementsofInterculturalcommunication

•OneelementofInterculturalcommunicationisperception,“theprocessbywhichanindividualselects,evaluates,andorganizesstimulifromtheexternalworld.”Culturalperceptionsarebasedonbeliefs,values,andattitudesystems.

•Anotherinterculturalelementisverbalprocesses:

howwetalktoeachotherandthink.

•Nonverbalverbalprocesses,thethirdelement,involvetheuseofactionstocommunicate.Themeaningsoftheseactionsshiftfromculturetoculture.

•Thecontextofthecommunicationeventsisinfluencedbyculture.

Activities

Insmallgroups,findoutasmuchasyoucanaboutthehistoryofChineseculture.Trytoisolateexamplesofhowourculturalvalueshavebeendeterminedbyhistoricalevents.

Discussion

Giveadditionalexamples,fromrecenthistory,ofculturesthathavechangedasaresultofinvention,diffusion,andcalamity.

教学时数：

2学时

PartTwoTheInfluenceofCulture

ChapterThree:

CulturalDiversityinPerception:

AlternativeViewsofReality

教学要点：

Understandingperception

•Althoughthephysicalprocessofperceptionisalmostthesameineveryone,cultureinfluencesthefinalstepofinterpretationandevaluation.

Cultureandperception

•Culturallydeterminedbeliefsarethemaininfluenceonhowwebehaveandrelatetoourenvironment.

•Beliefs