最新高考英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx

最新高考英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析

最新高考英语阅读理解试题（有答案和解析）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Tenminutesofgentleexercisecanimmediatelychangehowcertainpartsofthebraincommunicateandcoordinate（协调）withoneanotherandimprovememoryfunction,accordingtoanencouragingnewstudy.

   Thescientistsinvited36peopleofdifferentagestothelabandhadthemsitquietlyonafixedbicyclefor10minutesor,onaseparatevisit,pedalthebicycleatapacesogentlethatitbarelyraisedtheirheartrates.Italsowasshort,lastingforonly10minutes.Immediatelyaftereachsessionofthesittingorslowpedaling,thepeoplecompletedacomputerizedmemorytestduringwhichtheywouldseeabriefpictureof,forinstance,atree,followedbyavarietyofotherimagesandthenanewimageofeitherthesametreeorasimilarone.Thepeoplewouldpressbuttonstoshowwhethertheythoughteachimagewasneworthesameasanearliershot.Thetestisdifficult,sincemanyoftheimagescloselyresembleoneanother.Itrequiresrapid,skillfulscanningrecentmemoriestodecidewhetherapictureisneworknown.Next,thescientistshadeachpeoplerepeatthisprocess--ridingorsittingonthebikefor10minutesandthencompletingmemorytesting--butthetestingnowtookplaceinsideanM.R.I.machine（磁共振成像仪）thatscannedthepeople'sbrainswhiletheyrespondedtotheimages.

   Thentheresearcherscomparedresults.Theeffectsoftheexercisewereclear.Thepeoplewerebetteratrememberingimagesaftertheyhadriddenthebike,especiallywhentheimagesmostcloselyresembledoneanother.Inotherwords,thehardertheirmemorieshadtodotheirbest,thebettertheyperformedaftertheexercise.TheM.R.I.scansshowedthatmemorypartsofeachpeople'sbrainlitupatthesametimewithpartsofthebrainassociatedwithlearning,indicatingthatthesephysicallyseparatepartsofthebrainwerebetterconnectednowthanwhenthepeoplehadnotfirstexercised.

（1）Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?

A. Byfillingupquestionnaires.                            B. Byinterviewingmanypeople.

C. Bycomparingexperimentdata.                      

D. Byreferringtohistoricalreports.

（2）Whomightbenefitmostfromthestudyresult?

A. Themarketerspromotingfixedbicycles.

B. Theyoungpeoplecrazyaboutbodybuilding.

C. Thewhitecollarsdoinglong-termmentalwork.

D. Theblue-collarsdoingheavyphysicallaborwork.

（3）Whichofthefollowingstatementsagreeswiththestudyresult?

A. Thelightexerciseisonlygoodforyoungpeople.

B. Themoretheexerciseis,thebetterthebrainworks.

C. Theexercisecancoordinatedifferentpartsofthebody.

D. Theexercisehasmorepositiveeffectwhenthebrainworksharder.

（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. Eventenminutes'exercisemaybegoodforthebrain

B. Thereisnoneedforhumansdoingexerciseeveryday

C. Onlytenminutes'lightexercisebenefitstheyoungmost

D. Exercisecanchangepeople'sbrainsandmindsinalongtime

【答案】

（1）C

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。

一项新的研究表明，哪怕是仅仅十分钟的轻柔运动也会提高人的记忆里水平。

（1）细节理解题。

第三段第一句“Thentheresearcherscomparedresults.”可知研究者通过对比实验数据得出结论，故答案选C。

（2）推理判断题。

一项新的研究表明，哪怕是仅仅十分钟的轻柔运动也会提高人的记忆里水平。

因此可推断这对于长期从事脑力工作的白领们是一个福音。

故答案选C。

（3）细节理解题。

第三段第三句“Inotherwords,thehardertheirmemorieshadtodotheirbest,thebettertheyperformedaftertheexercise.”可知大脑使用的程度越高，运动对记忆里的影响就越大，即当大脑工作更努力时，运动有更积极的效果。

故答案选D。

（4）主旨大意题。

根据第一段可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究成果：

短时间的轻柔运动就会提高记忆力水平，故答案选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，通过题干中的关键词在文章中定位，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Forcingwaitersandwaitressestosurviveontipsfromcustomersratherthannormalwagesisapointless,crude,anduniqueAmericancustomthat,inthepastseveralyears,ahandfulofprogressiverestaurantownershaveattemptedtodoawaywith.DannyMeyer,CEOofUnionSquareHospitalityGroup,isabouttojointheirranksandhasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany's13restaurants.

   What,exactly,iswrongwithtipping?

AsBrianPalmerhasexplained,moreorlessit'severything.Tostart,leavingawaiter'spayinthehandsofcustomershasafeelingofclassism（阶级歧视）.Andintheory,handingrestaurantcustomersthepowertotipisatleastsupposedtomotivatebetterservice.Thisfailsinpracticebecausehumansturnouttobeprettyarbitrary（随意的）abouttheirtippingbehavior.Researchhasshownthattheamountdinerstiphasverylittletodowiththeirlevelofsatisfaction.Allofthisdoesn'tencouragewaitersandwaitressestodoanythingbutturnoverasmanytablesaspossible.

   Tippingisalsoveryunfairtokitchenstaff.Thelawallowsrestaurantstodividetipsbetweenfront-of-the-houseworkerslikewaiters,hosts,hostesses,andbartenders（调酒师）,butnotcooks.Thiscreatesasysteminwhichthepeopleservingthefoodinarestaurantcanearnmorethanthepeoplepreparingit.

   OneofthemostfascinatingpartsofMeyer'smoveisthat,unlikesomerestaurantownerswhohavetakenananti-tippingstand,hewon'tsimplyaddastandardextrachargetodiners'bills.Rather,UnionSquareHospitalityGroupmeanstoraisemenupricesenoughtofullycoverthecostofameal.IfMeyermanagestomoveawayfromtippingatallwithouthurtinghisprofits,itwouldalmostcertainlysetthestageforotherstofollowsuit.

（1）What'sDannyMeyer'sattitudetowardsstoppingtipping?

A. Negative.                        B. Supportive.                        C. Objective.                        D. Doubtful.

（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

A. Tippingmaydisturbtherestaurants'management.         

B. Tippingwillguaranteedinershighqualityservice.

C. Tippingcanarousethestaff'senthusiasmforwork.         

D. Tippingwillbringcustomersasenseofsatisfaction.

（3）WhatcanweknowaboutUnionSquareHospitalitygroup?

A. BrianPalmerisinchargeofitnow.                

B. Itscooksearnmuchmorethanitsservers.

C. Restauranttippinghasbeentotallybannedthere.         

D. Dinerswillbechargedmoreforthedishesthere.

（4）Whatisthetopicofthepassage?

A. Restaurants'gettingridoftipping.                 B. Difficultiesthatrestaurantsarefacedwith.

C. Thepopularityofno-tippingrestaurants.         

D. Tipsonrunningrestaurantssuccessfully.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了强迫服务员和侍者靠顾客的小费，而不是正常的工资维持生计是一种毫无意义、粗鲁、独特的美国风俗，过去几年，一些进步的餐馆老板试图消除这种风俗。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“DannyMeyer,CEOofUnionSquareHospitalityGroup,isabouttojointheirranksandhasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany's13restaurants.”可知DannyMeyer宣布他计划逐步停止在该公司13家餐厅给小费，这表明他对停止给小费是支持的，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“leavingawaiter'spayinthehandsofcustomershasafeelingofclassism（阶级歧视）．Thisfailsinpracticebecausehumansturnouttobeprettyarbitrary（随意的）abouttheirtippingbehavior.”和“Allofthisdoesn'tencouragewaitersandwaitressestodoanythingbutturnoverasmanytablesaspossible.”可知给服务员小费有一个阶级歧视的感觉，由于人类的随意性并不能达到预期效果，起不到鼓励服务员的作用。

这些都会扰乱饭店的管理，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Rather,UnionSquareHospitalityGroupmeanstoraisemenupricesenoughtofullycoverthecostofameal.”可知UnionSquareHospitalityGroup打算提高菜单价格，这样顾客就会为饭菜多支付钱，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“DannyMeyer,……hasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany's13restaurants.”点明了本文主要内容，下文介绍了给小费的不良影响及DannyMeyer这一举动的意义。

本文是围绕禁止给小费这一事件写的，Restaurants'gettingridoftipping适合作为标题，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

PrimaveraSound

   Tokickoffthesummer,there'snobetterplacetobethanBarcelona.Ontheconcertlineup,you'llfindbandslikeTheZombies,ArcadeFire,andBonIver.Thentakesometimetosoakupthelocalfood,wine,andculture.

   Date:

May31–June4,2018

   Location:

Barcelona,Spain

   MusicType:

Indie,rock,hip-hop

   Price:

80€–300€（around$86–$323）

   RecommendedplacestostayinBarcelona:

   Hotel1898

   HotelBarcelonaUniversal

   MercerHotelBarcelona

   GovernorsBall

   OneofthegreatestsummerconcertsinNewYorkCityisGovernor'sBall,whichtakesplaceinearlyJuneatRandall'sIslandPark.SomeofthemanyartistsplayingincludeTool,Phoenix,Lorde,Flume,andtheWu-TangClan.

   Date:

June2-4,2018

   Location:

NewYorkCity,NewYork,USA

   MusicType:

Rock,hip-hop,pop

   Price:

$105–$305

   RecommendedplacestostayinNewYorkCity:

   WNewYork–UnionSquare,UnionSquare,NewYorkCity,UnitedStates

AloftHarlem

   Super8LongIslandCityLGAHotel

   CourtyardNewYorkManhattan/UpperEastSide

   Bonnaroo

   Bonarooisanotherepicsummereventthatdrawsincrowdsofaround60,000eachyear.Someofthemosticonicmusiclegendswillbeplayingthisyear,includingU2,RedHotChiliPeppers,TheWeeknd,andChancetheRapper.

   Date:

June8-11,2018

   Location:

Manchester,Tennessee,USA

   MusicType:

Rock,hip-hop

   Price:

$210.50–$554+fees

   RecommendedplacestostayinManchester:

   MicrotelInn&SuitesbyWyndhamManchester

   CountryInn&SuitesManchester

   TheAmbassadorInn&Luxury

（1）OnwhichofthedayscanyouenjoyRock,hip-hopinPrimaveraSound?

A. June1，2018.              

B. June5，2018.              

C. June9，2018.              

D. June11，2018.

（2）TowitnessiconicmusiclegendChancetheRapperplaying,whichofthefollowingaretherecommendedplacestostay？

A. CourtyardNewYorkManhattan.                    

B. HotelBarcelonaUniversal.

C. Randall'sIslandPark.                                       

D. TheAmbassadorInn&Luxury.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文，推荐了三个夏天要听的音乐会，这些音乐会由不同的乐队，在不同的时间、地点演奏，价格也有所不同，但也有共同之处：

演奏摇滚和hip-hop（嘻哈）音乐。

（1）