谢孟媛中级文法比较.docx
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谢孟媛中级文法比较
比较（33-37）
一.比较变化
1.规则变化
原级+er,est
原级字尾有e+r,st
短母音加子音>重复字尾+er,est母音a,e,i,o,u
子音+y>去y+ier,iest
more,most+多音节
2.farther,further
RomeisfartherfromLondonthanParisis.Farther/further表距离
Didyougetfurtherinformation?
Further['fə:
ðə]表程度
3.late
laterlatest时间
latterlast顺序
Hegotuplaterthanusual.
Thelatterpartofthestorywasinteresting.
ThisisthelatestnewsfromAmerica.latestnews最新消息
Thisishislastwork.
4.old
olderoldest表年龄
eldereldest表长幼
HeisolderthanI.
Myelder（长辈）/older（老）brotherisinTaipei.
二.原级比较
1.Sportsareasimportantasstudies.
Heisasniceapersonashisfather.
2.Hedoesnotworkas/sohardashisbrother（does）.
ThisJapanese-videogameisnotas/soexpensiveastheTaiwanese-one.
3.Shehasasmanydressesashersister（does）.
Idon’tknowasmanypeopleasshe（does）.
4.…timesas…as…
Thebridgeistwiceaslongasthatone.
=Thatbridgeishalfaslongasthisone.
ImportedbookscostthreetimesasmuchasTaiwanesebooks.costv.价值
Taiwanesebookscostonetriedasmuchasimportedbooks.
<注意>
可以用length（long）,width（wide）,height（high）,weight（heavy）,depth（deep）,size（large,big）
Thisboxisonequarteraslargeasthatone.
=Thisboxisonequarterthesizeofthatone.
5.As…aspossible/onecan
Callthepoliceassoonaspossible/youcan.
assoonaspossible（a.s.a.p）
soon时间快quick/quickly速度快
Itoldhimtocomehomeasearlyaspossible/hecould.
As…as惯用片语
asbusyasabee非常忙碌
ascoolasacucumber极端冷静
ascunningasafox十分狡猾
cunning['kʌniŋ]adj.狡猾的；可爱的；巧妙的
asdeadasadoornail了无声息/完全（或肯定、确实无疑地）死了的，确已僵死了的
doornail['dɔ:
nei]n.门钉，大头钉子
nailn.指甲；钉子
asflatasapancake
flat[flæt]adj.平坦的pancake['pænkeik]n.煎饼
assweetashoney非常甜美
aslikeastwopeas
pea[pi:
]n.[植]豌豆
特殊句型
6.Notsomuch…as…与其说…不如说…
Itwasnotsomuchacrimeasamistake.
=Itwasratheramistakethanacrime.
=Itwasamistakeratherthanacrime.
7.Notsomuchas…/withoutsomuchas…连…也没有
Themandidn’tsomuchasapologizetome.
didn’tapologize用原形
Heleftmewithoutsomuchassayingthanks.
withoutsaying用VIng
8.As…asever依然
Shelooksashappyasever
Heisasgreatanartistaseverlived.
ever
Didyouevergofishing?
你曾经钓过鱼吗?
Doyouevergofishing（inyoufreetime）?
你平常钓鱼吗?
9.As…asany+单数名词和任何人一样
Heisashardworkingasany（person）inthevillage.
person可省
10.Asmany/muchas+数词多达…
Asmanyasfiftythousandbirdsspendthewinterhere.
Ipaidasmuchas200dollarsforthissweater.
11.“多达”的其他表现
Radiobroadcastingstartedasearlyas1920.
Hegoestomoviesasoftenasthreetimesamonth.
12.Asmany/much…同数的,同量的
Ifoundsixmistakesinasmanylines.
Thetourgroupvisitedfivecitiesinasmanydays.
13.Asgoodas…几乎等于…非褒义
Thishouseisagreatbuy.It’sasgoodasnew.
Thishouseisagreatbuy.买对了
Hiscarisasgoodasapieceofjunk.像垃圾一样垃圾贬义
三.比较级比较
1.Than
Dogsareclevererthancats.
表全体狗:
adog/dogs
ShecanspeakEnglishbetterthanI/me/Ican.副词比较级
2.…the比较级ofthetwo两者中较
Thisguitaristhebetterofthetwo.
3.强调比较级
much/many,even,far,byfar,farandaway,alot/lots,~得多
still,更加地
agooddeal,agreatdeal,相当地
somewhatrather,稍微
abit,alittlebit,alittle一点点
large容量大big体积大
大份薯条用large
1.Hishouseismuchlargerthanmine.
“大”是抽象用much强调
2.Youwillfindmanymoreamusementsinbigcitiesthansmalltowns.
“游乐场”是可数用many强调
4.劣等比较
~less原级than~~比~较不
Goingbybusislessexpensivethangoingbytaxi.
=Goingbybusisnotasexpensiveasgoingbytaxi.
=Goingbytaxiismoreexpensivethangoingbybus.
Instantnoodlesarelessnutritiousthanrice.
instantfood速熟食品
fastfood速买食品
5.省略than
IhavetostudyEnglishharderthisyearbecauseI’mathirdyearstudent.三年级学生
Whydon’tyouuseasharperknife?
重要表现
6.More~than…与其…不如~
Shewasmoresadthanangry.
她是难过
Itismoreflatterythanpraise.
与其说是称赞不如说是讨好
形容词不管是单音节或多音节,都用more+adj.形式
flattery['flætəri]
7.比较级and比较级越来越…
It’sgettingdarkeranddarker.
Entranceexamsarebecomingmoreandmoredifficult.
8.The比较级…,the比较级…越…就越…
Theorderwegrow,theweakerourmemorybecomes.
ThelongerIwaited,thelesspatientIbecome.
Themorewegettogether,thehappierwewillbe.
Themoretimeyouhave,themoreworkyoucando.
9.（all）the比较级for+名词/because~因为~因此便….
Werespecthim（all）themoreforhishonesty.
Werespecthim（all）themorebecauseheishonest.
因为诚实我们更尊敬他
Sheworksalltheharderbecausesheisamother.
因为身为人母,他更努力工作.
注意负面时
Heworkednonetheharderbecausehebecameafather.
虽说成为父亲但并不代表会更努力工作.
Nonethe比较级for+名词/because~因为~因此便….
10.Muchless…更不用说
Idon’tlikemathematics,muchlessphysics.
Mathematicsishard.一个科目,单数名词
Theoldmancannotevenwork,muchlessrun.
11.Superiorto~,seniorto~
本身含有比较含有的单词,不可用than,改用to
Superior,inferior优秀的,拙劣的[sju:
'piriə][in'fiəriə]
Myinferiors我的晚辈
Senior,junior年长的,年幼的
Major,minor（程度）较大的,较小的['mainə]
Prior,posterior前面的,后面的['praiə][pɔ'stiəriə]
Postwar战后
HeisfiveyearsolderthanI
=Heisfiveyearsseniortome.
=Heisseniortomebyfiveyears.
Ipreferplayingsportstowatchingthem.
Prefer动词哦
12.Moreorless,soonerorlater
Ourguesswasmoreorlesscorrect.
moreorlessadv.多多少少
Soonerorlateryouwillfindyourmissingchild.
13.Knowbetterthan~（toVR）不会傻到
Hadbetter~（VR）最好~
Iknowbetterthantogosailingwithoutalifejacket.
Youhadbetternotgo.
14.Nomorethan等
no和notIhavenomoney.
Idon’thaveanymoney.
No=notany
1.Nomorethan=only只有~而已
Ihavenomorethan100dollars.
我有100元,再没有其他了>只有
2.Notmorethan=atmost顶多~
Ihavenotmorethan100dollars.
我没有更多100元>顶多
3.Nolessthan=asmuchas有~之多
Ihavenolessthan100dollars.
我有100元,再没有更少的了>我有100耶!
4.Notlessthan=atleast至少
Ihavenotlessthan100dollars.
我没有少于100元.>至少
15.Nomore~than~等
1.Nomore~than~和~一样不
Iamnomoremadthanyouare.
我和你一样少疯>不疯
2.Notmore~than~不像~那样~
Iamnotmoremadthanyouare.
我不比你多疯>没你疯
3.Noless~than~与~同样地~
Iamnolessmadthanyouare.
我和你一样多疯>很疯
4.Notless~than~与~有过之而无不及
Iamnotlessmadthanyouare
我不比你少疯>半斤&八两
四.最高级
A.最高级+in~/of~/that+S+V
1.Februaryistheshortestofallthemonths.
2.Hedrives（the）mostcarefullyofusall.
副词最高级the常省
3.ThisisthefinestviewthatI’veeverseen.
4.Picassoisoneofthemostfamouspaintersofthe20thcentury.
毕加索
5.Thisisthetriedmostpopularsonginthehitchartthisweek.
最受欢迎中的第三
B.强调最高级
Very,much,byfar,farandaway
1.Sheismuch/byfar/farandawaythebestsingerinthecountry.
Sheistheverybestsingerinthecountry.
C.The的省略
1.同一人事物不加the
ThislakeisthedeepestinJapan.
Thislakeisdeepesthere.此湖这里最深
TheairinthisareaisthecleanestinJapan.
Theairinthisareaiscleanestwhenthefactoriesareclosed.
2.叙述用法不加the
Iamhappy.叙述用法
Iamahappygirl.补述用法补了happy
IfeelhappiestwhenI’mwithmyfriend.
也可理解为同一人不加the
D.三级互换
Bobismorehandsomethananyotherboyinmyclass.
=NootherboyinmyclassismorehandsomethanBob.
=NootherboyinmyclassisashandsomeasBob.
因为我们班包括Bob所以加other
重要表现
E.Even+最高级甚至连…
1.Eventherichestmanintheworldcan’tbuyherheart.
2.Eventhemosttalentedstudentinourclasswasn’tabletoanswerit.
F.Atbest/atthebest,atmost/atthemost顶多
Itwilltakeat（the）most/bestthreehourstoreachoutdestination.
注意atone’sbeat
Theplumblossomstherearenowattheirbest.
bloom[blu:
m].n:
花inbloom盛开（指花）
.v:
1.看上去很健康例：
Janeispositivelybloomingwithhealththesedays.
简这些日子以来身体确实健康起来
2.开花。
例：
Therosesareblooming.玫瑰花正在盛开。
blossom['blɔsəm].n:
（果树的）花inblossom：
开满花的（指树）
v:
1.（树）开花
2.发展，成长例：
Sallyisblossomingintoabeautifulgirl.
萨丽正在长成一个美丽的女孩
G.At（the）least最少
Itwilltakeat（the）leastthreehourstoreachoutdestination
At（the）worst最差
Ourteamwillat（the）worstgetthethirdprize.
H.Makethemostof尽全力,对有利情况
Makethebestof尽全力,对不利情况
Ihopeyouwillmakethemostofyourabilities.
Hemadethebestofhissmallincome.善用薪水
升级会员 