英美文化概况.docx
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英美文化概况
E1ExercisesforBritishPoliticalSystem
I.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue（T）orfalse（F）:
1.ItisnodoubtthatBritainistheoldestrepresentativedemocracyintheworld.F
2.InBritain,theprocessofstate-buildinghadbeenoneofevolutionratherthanrevolution,incontrasttoFranceandtheUS.T
3.TheoldestinstitutionofgovernmentinBritainistheMonarchy.T
4.Thedivinerightofthekingmeansthesovereignderivedhisauthorityfromhissubjects.F
5.AsthekingintheoryhadGodonhisside,itwasthoughtthatheshouldexerciseabsolutepower.F
6.Theterm“parliament”wasfirstofficiallyusedin1066todescribethegatheringoffeudalbaronsandrepresentativesfromcountiesandtowns.F
7.Britainisbothaparliamentarydemocracyandconstitutionalmonarchy.T
8.Britain,likeIsrael,hasawrittenconstitutionofthesortwhichmostcountrieshave.F
9.Commonlawsarelawswhichhavebeenestablishedthroughcommonpracticeinthecourts.T
II.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion:
1.WhichofthefollowingisnotacharacteristicofBritishgovernment?
A
AitofferstheQueenhighpoliticalstatusandsupremepower.
Bitisbothaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchy.
Citistheoldestrepresentativedemocracyintheworld.
DithasnowrittenformofConstitution
2.Whichofthefollowingkingswasexecutedinthecivilwar?
C
AJamesIBJamesIICCharlesIDCharlesII
3.Whathappenedin1215?
B
AitwastheyearofNormanConquestinBritishhistory.
Bforcedbybarons,kingJohnsignedtheMagnaCarta.
CHenryIVgrantedtheCommonsthepowertoreviewmoneygrants.
DKingEgbertunitedEnglandunderhisrule.
4.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueabouttheGreatCouncil?
C
Atheyincludedbaronsandrepresentativesfromcountiesandtowns.
Btheyweresometimessummonedbythekingstocontributemoney.
CtheylaterdevelopedintowhatwenowknowastheCabinet.
Dtheyrepresentedthearistocratsaswellasthecommunities
5.UnderwhosereignwastheBillofRightspassed?
B
AJamesIIBWilliamofOrangeCOliverCromwellDGeorgeI
6.WhichofthefollowingisnotrelatedtotheConstitution?
A
Aitisawrittendocumentwhichlistsoutthebasicprinciplesforgovernment.
BitisthefoundationofBritishgovernancetoday.
CConventionsandLawspassedbyParliamentarepartoftheConstitution.
DThecommonlawsarepartoftheConstitution.
7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNottrue?
D
AtherearenolegalrestraintsuponParliament.
Bstrictlyspeaking,theQueenispartoftheConstitution.
CParliamenthasthesupremepowerofpassinglaws
DParliamenthasnopowertochangethetermsoftheConstitution.
8.WhichofthefollowingisnotatruedescriptionoftheQueen’srole?
A
AtheQueenselectsthePrimeMinisterandtheCabinet.
BtheQueensymbolizesthetraditionandunityoftheBritishstate.
CtheQueenactsasaconfidantetothePrimeMinister.
DtheQueenisthetemporalheadoftheChurchofEngland.
9.WhichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheHouseofLords?
C
AlordsdonotreceivesalariesandmanydonotattendParliamentsittings.
BitconsistsoftheLordsSpiritualandLordsTemporal.
Cthelordsareexpectedtorepresenttheinterestsofthepublic.
DmostofthelordsintheHouseofLordsaremales.
10.Whichofthefollowingisnotbasedonthefact?
A
AmembersofparliamentelectthePrimeMinisterandtheCabinet.
BMPsreceivesalariesandsomeotherallowances
CMPsareexpectedtorepresenttheinterestsofthepublic
DMostMPsbelongtothemajorpoliticalparties.
E2Exercisesfor“BritishEducationSystem”
I.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue（T）orfalse（Ｆ）：
１.ThepurposeofBritisheducationisnotonlytoprovidechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillsbutalsotosocializechildren.T
2.Thestateseldominterfereswiththedecisionofwhen,where,howandwhatchildrenaretaught.F
3.TheenduringfeatureofBritisheducationisthecontinuingdebateoverwhatshouldbetaughtinschools.F
4.The1944EducationActmadeentrytosecondaryschoolsanduniversities“meritocratic”.T
5.Publicschoolsarepartofthenationaleducationsystemandfundedbythegovernment.F
6.Britishuniversitiesarepublicbodieswhichreceivefundsfromcentralgovernment.T
7.AllsecondaryschoolsinBritainarerunandsupervisedbythegovernment.F
8.InOxfordandCambridgetheBAconvertstoanMAseveralyearslater,uponpaymentofafee.T
9.Independentschoolsgetmoneymainlythroughtheprivatesectorandtuitionrates,withsomegovernmentsupport.T
10.Grammarschoolsselectchildrenattheageof11andprovidethemwithageneraleducation.F
II.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion:
1.InBritain,thegreatmajorityofparentssendtheirchildrento_C___
A.privateschoolsB.independentschoolsC.stateschoolsD.publicschools
2.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16_B___
A.canlegallyreceivepartlyfreeeducation
B.canlegallyreceivecompletelyfreeeducation
C.cannotreceivefreeeducationatall
D.cannotreceivefreeeducationiftheirparentsarerich
3.IfastudentwantstogotouniversityinBritain,hewilltaketheexaminationcalled__A__
A.GeneralCertificateofEducation---Advanced
B.GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation
C.thecommonentranceexamination
D.GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications
4.WhichofthefollowingisaprivatelyfundeduniversityinBritain?
D
A.TheUniversityofCambridge.B.TheUniversityofOxford.
C.TheUniversityofEdinburgh.D.TheUniversityofBuckingham.
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
D
A.Parentssendtheirchildrentopublicschoolsbecausetheyarerich.
B.Parentssendtheirchildrentopublicschoolsbecausetheirchildrencangetbetterjobswhentheyleaveschool.
C.Parentssendtheirchildrentopublicschoolsbecausetheirchildrencanhaveabetterchanceofgettingintoagooduniversity.
D.Parentssendtheirchildrentopublicschoolsbecausetheirchildrenprefertogotopublicschools.
6.WhichofthefollowinginNOTacharacteristicoftheOpenUniversity?
C
A.It’sopentoeverybody.B.Itrequiresnoformaleducationalqualifications.
C.Nouniversitydegreeisawarded.
D.UniversitycoursesarefollowedthroughTV,radio,correspondence,etc.
7.Intheexaminationcalled“the11plus”,studentswithacademicpotentialgoto_A___
A.grammarschools.B.comprehensiveschools.
C.publicschools.D.technicalschools.
8.WhichofthefollowinginNOTincludedintheNationalCurriculum?
B
A.ChildrenmuststudythesubjectslikeEnglish,mathematics,scienceandsoon.
B.ChildrenmustsitinA-levelexams.
C.Childrenmustteachwhattheyaretold.
D.Teachersmustteachwhattheyaretold.
9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheBritisheducationsystem?
D
A.It’srunbythestate.B.It’sfundedbythestate.
C.It’ssupervisedbythestate.D.It’sdominatedbythestate.
10.Whichofthefollowingschoolswouldadmitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheiracademicabilities?
A
A.Comprehensiveschools.B.Secondaryschools.
C.Independentschools.D.Grammarschools.
E3Unit4BritishForeignRelations
I.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue（T）orfalse（F）:
1.WhentheSecondWorldWarended,BritainnolongerwasthelargestmilitarypowerinWesternEurope.F
2.TheUKwasawardedaseatontheUNSecurityCouncilinrecognitionofitscontributioninsettinguptheUnitedNations.F
3.Accordingtothetext,themostimportantsinglefactorwhichinfluencesBritishpolicy-makersisitshistory.T
4.ThePrimeMinisterandCabinetdecideonthegeneraldirectionofBritain’sforeignpolicy.T
5.ThemaingovernmentdepartmentinvolvedistheForeignandCommonwealthoffice（FCO）.T
6.Britainisaparliamentarymonarch.F
7.Thereareabout60membersoftheCommonwealth.F
8.TheBritishhostalargeAmericanmilitarypresenceandthereare63AmericanmilitarybasesintheUK.T
9.BritainisnotamemberoftheNATOduetoitsdisagreementwithsomeEuropeancountiesondefencepolicy.F
II.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion:
1.TheauthorholdsthatBritainhadabiginfluenceonthepostwarinternationalorderbecause__B__
A.itusedtobeagreatimperialpower.
B.ithadastrongmilitarypowerandprestige.
C.itdefeatedHitler’sarmy.
D.itgotsupportfromitsformercolonies.
2.WhichcountriesarethepermanentmembersoftheUNSecurityCouncil?
C
A.France,China,Germany,RussiaandBritain.
B.TheUnitedStates,France,Britain,GermanyandRussia.
C.China,Russia,France,BritainandtheUnitedStates.
D.China,Britain,France,theUnitedStatesandJapan.
3.HowmuchoftheglobedidBritainruleinitsimperialprime?
C
A.Afourthoftheglobe.B.Afifthoftheglobe.
C.Athirdoftheglobe.D.Two-thirdsoftheearth.
4.ThepresentBritishforeignpolicyismainlyinfluencedbysomeofthefollowingfactors.Whichoneisanexception?
D
A.Itsimperialhistory.B.Itsgeopoliticaltraits.
C.ItsspecialrelationshipwiththeUnitedStates.
D.ItsschizophrenicattitudetoEurope.
5.WhichofthefollowingisnotinvolvedinmakingtheBritishforeignpolicy?
A
A.TheQueenofBritain
B.TheForeignandCommonwealthOffice
C.ThePrimeMinisterandtheCabinet.
D.TheMinistryofDefenceandtheTreasury.
6.NowadaystheBritishforeignpolicyislargelyshapedbyitsparticipationin__C___.
A.theCommonwealthB.theEuropeanEconomicCommunity
C.theUnitedNations,theEU,NATO,etc.D.aEuro
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