3阅读长难句考点.docx

3阅读长难句考点.docx

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3阅读长难句考点

基础阅读知识点总结（长难句方面）

基础阅读----长难句方面的考点（报刊文章长难句特点）

除过一些比较规的长难句之外，应注意以下各种带有报刊文章特点的长难句：

考点一、宾语后置

考点二、同位语更后置

考点三、定从状意

考点四、倒装结构

考点五、否定结构

考点六、省略结构

考点七、状语分割

考点八、破折号、as分割

考点九、than与as

考点十、关联和转承语

考点十一、左二右五原则及串并联定语

考点一、宾语后置

1）IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohasregardedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocratic（苏格拉底的）wayaboutmoralproblems.

2）Thegoalofallthebookswillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.

3）Thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.

4）JackLondonpouredintohiswritingsallthepainofhislife,thefiercehatredofthebourgeoisiethatithadimposedonhim,andtheconvictionithadbroughttohimthattheworldcouldbemadeabetterplacetoliveiniftheexploitedwouldriseupandtakethemanagementofsocietyoutofthehandsoftheexploiters.

考点二、同位语更后置

1）Forexample,weknowthattheideacommonlyacceptedwhenthefirsteditionofthisbookwasprinted,thatlifewasaltogetherabsentinthedeeperpartsofthesea,isnottrue.

3）WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedfortymilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.

4）Darwindidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehewasagoodobserver,hehadnopowerofreasoning.

考点三、定从状意

1）Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.

2）NoactioncouldbeeffectivelyundertakenwithoutactiveparticipationandfullcooperationofEgypt’stradingpartners,whicharepermanentmemberoftheUNSecurityCouncilandassuchassumeaveryspecialresponsibilitytowardtheUN.

3）Creatinga“Europeanidentity”（欧洲品牌）thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice.

4）Ithasrumorthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher'spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened."Scientific"creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor"equaltime"intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard"scientific"creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.

"Creationism"inthepassagerefersto________.

　[A]evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheuniverse

　[B]anotionofthecreationofreligion

　[C]thescientificexplanationoftheearthformation

[D]thedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverse

5）Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap，but，ifproperlyhandled，itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar，ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor，givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld’sbest，itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.

TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause_____

A.ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal

B.itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore

C.thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors

考点四、状语分割

1）Nor,ifregularityandconformityareasimportanttothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe"oddballs"amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho"workwellwiththeteam."

2）Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals..

3）Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsociety,fromthegovernmentofficialtotheordinarycitizen,ofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseinthework.

4）Thatfact,letalonethecurrentdivisionbetweenthe11eurocountriesandthefourledbyBritainthathavenotjoined,islikelytomeanthattheUnionshouldbecomeamulti-systementity（实体）,withsomecountriessigninguptoeverythingandotherschoosingonlysomethings.

考点五、否定结构

双重否定

1）Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:

”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

Theword“poached”mostprobablymeans.

[A]approvedof[B]attendedto

[C]huntedfor[D]guardedagainst

2）AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.

IntheWesterner'seyes，thepostwarJapan

A.underaimlessdevelopmentB.apositiveexample

C.arivaltotheWestD.onthedecline

3）Probablythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoning.

4）Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive----thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.

否定转移

1）Inhisautobiography,Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconcisely,buthebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.Hedisclaimedthepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwit,suchasdistinguishedHuxley.Heasserted,also,thathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.

考点六、倒装结构

全倒装

1）ImplicitwithinTylor'sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned,shared,andpatternedbehavior.（全倒装）

2）Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabandofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.（全倒装）

3）Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.（全倒装）

4）CloselyrelatedtothegroundbreakingtheoryofbiologicalevolutionproposedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860swasBritishsocialphilosopherHerbertSpencerwhoputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicalandculturalevolution.（全倒装）

6）Closelyrelatedwiththisisthecapacitytobetolerant----notofwhatiswrong,butofthefrailty（脆弱）andimmaturityofhumannaturewhichinducepeople,andagainespeciallychildrentomakemistakes.（全倒装）

7）CoincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversitytothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being.（全倒装）

部分倒装

1）Darwinassertedthathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.Hismemory,too,hedescribedashazy.Sopoorinonesensewasitthathenevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.

2）Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed----andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedtomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.

3）Nor,ifregularityisasimportanttothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe"oddballs"（怪人）amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho"workwellwiththeteam."

考点七、省略结构

一、平行结构中名词及名词短语、动词的省略

1）Ts'aoYuan-longguessedthatFangMung-chien'sknowledgeofGermanwasaboutasgoodorasbadashisown.Besides,FangwasaChinesemajor,sohecouldn'tbetoobrilliant.Forinauniversity,sciencemajorslookdownanhumanitiesmajors,foreignlanguagemajorsonChinesemajors,Chinesemajorsonphilosophymajors,philosophymajorsonsociologymajors,andsociologymajorsinturnoneducationmajors.Sinceeducationmajorshavenoontolookdownon,theycanonlydespisetheprofessorsintheirowndepartment.

2）Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcommu