第二章 词汇的选择与运用.docx

第二章 词汇的选择与运用.docx

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第二章词汇的选择与运用

第一章词汇的选择与运用

第一节文章选词

一．选词要注意感情色彩

Mysisterdoesn’tlikemeat,becauseitisnourishing.

Mostpeopleinthesmalltownvotedforthatpolitician.

二．选词要注意搭配

大风、大雨、大雪

高级编辑、高级官员、高级酒店

三．词汇量要丰富

Computersarenowbeingusedeverywhere,highupinspaceanddeepdownintheocean;theyareemployedtomakedangerousexplorations.Onfarmandinfactories,theyofferhelpindoingtiringanddifficultwork.Theytakeoverroutinejobsintheofficeasswellasathome.Withoutcomputers,theworldwouldnotbewhatitistoday.

第二节高分词汇

修改前

Amongthethreemeansmentionedabove,Ithinkthethirdkindismostsuitableforme.AsIamfromthecountrysideandmyfamilyisquitepoor,myparentscannotaffordsomuchmoney.Besides,Idon’tthinkthesecondwayisquitegood,becausedoingpar-timejobssurelydeprivessometimefrommystudy.StudyisthemostimportanttaskformewhenIamatcollege.

修改后

Amongthethreemeansmentionedabove,Iholdthethirdkindismostpreferableforme.AsIamfromthecountrysideandmyfamilyisnotwell-off,myparentscannotaffordsomuchmoney.Besides,Idon’tthinkthesecondwayisquitedesirable,becausedoingpar-timejobssurelydeprivessometimefrommystudy.StudyisthetoppriorityformewhenIamatcollege.

（一）描述事实与现象的词汇

Asisknowntous,theproblemofhumanpopulationhaslongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongthepeopleofdifferentcountriesoftheworld.Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedthesignificanceofthisproblem.

Asisknowntous,theproblemofhumanpopulationhaslongbeenasubjectofdebateamongthepeopleofvariouscountriesoftheworld.Agrowingnumberofpeoplehavebecomeawarethesignificanceofthisproblem.

汉语意思

普通用词

亮点词汇

不同的

different

various

越来越

moreandmore

growing,increasing

面临

face

confront

重视

emphasize

attachimportanceto

很多

many

vast,overwhelmingmajorityof,quiteafew,anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof

讨论

discussion

debate

关注

attention

focus

发生

happen

occur

意识到

realize

beawareof

e.g.

1.Itiswellknowntousallthatthesupermarketisplaying__________importantroleinourdailylife.（越来越）

2.Wecannotignorethefactthatinrecentyearsmanycitiesare_______withtheproblemofheavytraffic.（面临）

3.Agrowingnumberofpeoplebeganto____________theoralabilityinEnglishstudy.（重视）

4._________peopleconsideritveryimportanttoholdaspokenEnglishtest.（很多）

5.Recently,whethertochooseagooduniversityoragoodmajorhasprovokeda______.（争论）

6.Theissuehasbeenbroughttopublic______.（关注）

7.Dishonesty_______moreandmoreinoursociety.（出现）

8.Apresent,mostpeoplehave_______theimportanceofcooperationamongco-workers.（越来越意识到）

（二）进行评论或表述观点的词汇

Somepeoplethinkthatsomeluckynumberscanbringthemgoodluck.Theythinkluckynumbersareimportanttotheirfortune.Yetmanyothersdon’tthinkso.Theythinkthatnumbershavenothingtodowithluck.Ithinkthelatteropinionisright.Ithinkoursocietyisverymodernnow.wemustn’tcountontheso-calledluckynumberstofulfillourwishes.

Somepeoplemaintainthatsomeluckynumberscanbringthemgoodluck.Theyargueluckynumbersareimportanttotheirfortune.Yetmanyothershaveoppositeideas.Theyareoftheopinionthatnumbershavenothingtodowithluck.Isidewiththelatteropinionisright.Ithinkoursocietyisverymodernnow.wemustn’tcountontheso-calledluckynumberstofulfillourwishes.

汉语意思

普通用词

亮点词汇

认为

Think

Believe,hold,argue,maintain,harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversityacknowledgedthat,tomymind,asfarasIamconcerned

重要的

Important

Essential,vital,significant,notable

支持

Support

Beinfavorof,approveof

不同意，不赞成

Disagree

Disapproveof,frownonsth.

喜欢

Like

Prefer,feelinclinedto,bekeenon,befondof

好的

Good

Beneficial,positive,favorable,perfect,pleasurable

坏的

bad

Dreadful,unfavorable,adverse

e.g.

1.They______thatreadingextensivelycanhelptoenlargeourviewandgrasptheknowledgeindifferentfields.（认为）

2.Advertisementissomething______inthisinformationage.（重要的）

3.Buttherearestillsomepeoplewhoarenot______thiskindoftestatall.（不同意）

4.Mostparents______thecross-nationalmarriage.（不赞成）

5.AfarasIamconcerned,I_____toenjoythecityliferatherthanliveinthecountry.（喜欢）

6.Thetwo-dayweekendhasproducedlotsofpositiveeffects.（好的）

（三）用于描述图表的词汇

Studentstendtousecomputersmoreandmorenowadays.Thischartshowsthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,thenumberwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasetoalmost4hours;whilein2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.

Studentstendtousecomputersmoreandmorenowadays.Thischartsuggeststhattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,thefigurewaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasetoalmost4hours;whilein2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.

汉语意思

普通用词

亮点词汇

表明

Show

Indicate,reveal,suggest

数字

Number

Figure,statistics

上升

Increase

Grow,rise

下降

decrease

Fall,drop,decline

e.g.

1.Thefigures______thatthereisatendencyofdecreaseintheconsumptionoftobacco.（表明）

2.Asthe_____show,nearly2000billiondollarsarelostintobaccoeveryyear.（数字）

（四）用于表示原因的词汇

Therearemanyreasonsforthistrend.Thefirstreasonisthatmanypeoplehavethetendencyoffollowingtheexampleof….

Therearemanyfactorscontributingtoforthistrend.Firstly,thisphenomenonattributestopeople’stendencyoffollowingtheexampleof….

汉语意思

普通用词

亮点词汇

名词

reason

Factor,cause

动词

Cause

Contributeto,attributeto,leadto,resultin,resultfrom

连词

because

Since,inthat,as,seeingthat,nowthat

（五）用于表示列举的词汇

Infact,manywayscancontributetothesolutionoftheproblem.Firstly,onecangetfinancialassistancefromassistancefromparentsandrelatives.Thisisthemostcommonpractice.Secondly,studentscandosomepar-timejobswhilestudying.Theycanusethemoneytheyearntopaytheirtuition.Thirdly,onecangetloanfromthebank.

Infact,manywayscancontributetothesolutionoftheproblem.Tobeginwith,onecangetfinancialassistancefromassistancefromparentsandrelatives.Thisisthemostcommonpractice.What’smore,studentscandosomepar-timejobswhilestudying.Theycanusethemoneytheyearntopaytheirtuition.Inaddition,onecangetloanfromthebank.

汉语意思

普通用词

亮点词汇

第一项

First

Inthefirstplace,tobeginwith,firstandforemost

第二项

Second

Inthesecondplace,furthermore,besides

第三项

third

Inthethirdplace,finally,lastbutnotleast

造句

一．基本句式：

简单句，并列句，从句，倒装

二．写正确句子（改错）

三．句式多样化

四．写作常用优秀句型

一．BasicSentencePatterns基本句式

1.SimpleSentence（简单句）

2.CompoundSentences

3.ComplexSentences

4.SentencesofInversion（倒装）

1.SimpleSentence（略）

2.CompoundSentences/Coordination（并列句）

Therearethreewaystojointheclausestoformasentence:

usingacoordinatingconjunction,usingaconjunctiveadverb,orusingasemicolon

I）Coordinatingconjunctionincludesand,but,for,nor,or,yet,andso.

2）ConjunctiveAdverbs:

aSemicolonandaconjunctiveadverbfollowedbyacomma（,）

1.toaddanidea:

additionally,also,furthermore,inaddition,moreover

2.toshowtimeorsequence:

earlier,later,meanwhile,first,next,then,later

3.tocontrast:

however,nevertheless,incontrast,ontheotherhand

4.toshowanalternative:

instead,otherwise

5.toprovideanexample:

forexample,forinstance

6.toshowaresult:

consequently,therefore,thus,asaresult

7.toemphasize:

infact,indeed,certainly

3）Semicolon

Theidealvacationwouldbebothentertainingandeducating;atripacrossAmericaisanidealvacation.

YourtermpapersaredueonMay1;nopaperswillbeacceptedafterthatdate.

MarcoPolotraveledtoChina;healsospenttimeinprison.

Exercise1.

Placea“C”infrontofeachcompoundsentenceandan“s”infrontofeachsimplesentence.

1.____CharlesDarwinwasbornin1809anddiesin1882.

2.____Darwinwasanexplorer,andhewasanaturalist.

3.____Darwinwasanexplorerandanaturalist.

4.____MyparentsliveinNewYork,butIliveinSanFrancisco.

5.____Theprincemustmarrytheprincess,orthequeenwilldieofsorrow.

6.____Mr.FoxflewtoLondonforhisvacation;Mrs.FoxmotoredtotheRockyMountains.

7.____Ilovethegameofbaseball,yetIcan’tplayitwell.

8.____Heisalwaysindebt;nevertheless,heisalwayshappy.

Exercise2.

Combinethetwosentencesintoonecompoundsentence.Useacomaandconjunctiontoconnecteachpair.

1.Iamstudyingcomputerscience.Mysisterismajoringincommunications.

2.Betsyputmaskingtapeonherforeheadatnight.Shewantedtostopwrinklesfromforming.

3.Wouldyouliketoplaychesstonight?

Wouldyouratherseeamovie?

4.Mostchildrenchocolatecandy.Ithinkittasteslikechalk.

5.SeanandJohnlookexactlyalike.Itisobviousthattheyaretwins.

Exercise3.

Usethecorrectconjunctiveadverbandthecorrectpunctuationtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.

1.ThereisnothingmorethrillingthananoceancruisetoAlaska______youshouldplanyourtripthereforthesummer.

2.Alaskaiswonderfulplacetovisit_____itisoneofthelastwildernessareasoftheworld.

3.SailingaroundtheGreekIslandsisrelaxing_____thesceneryisbreathtakingbeautiful.

4.Thereisnothingmoreexcitingthanseeingnewplaces_____everyyearmillionstouriststraveltoforeigncountries.

5.First,youcanvisitFrance____