大学英语之基础英语综合教程第一册unit5languagework.docx
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大学英语之基础英语综合教程第一册unit5languagework
HowtoBeTruetoYourself
1.Mygrandparentsbelievedyouwereeitherhonestoryouweren’t.Therewasnoin-between.Theyhadasimplemottohangingontheirliving-roomwall,“Lifeislikeafieldofnewlyfallensnow;whereIchoosetowalkeverystepwillshow.”Theydidn’thavetotalkaboutit—theydemonstratedthemottobythewaytheylived.
2.Theyunderstoodinstinctivelythatintegritymeanshavingapersonalstandardofmoralityandethicsthatdoesnotsellouttoexpediencyandthatisnotrelativetothesituationathand.Integrityisaninnerstandardforjudgingyourbehavior.Unfortunately,integrityisinshortsupplytoday—andgettingscarcer.Butitistherealbottomlineineveryareaofsociety.Anditissomethingwemustdemandofourselves.
3.AgoodtestforthisvalueistolookatwhatIcalltheIntegrityTriad,whichconsistsofthreekeyprinciples:
4.Standfirmlyforyourconvictionsinthefaceofpersonalpressure.There’sastorytoldaboutasurgicalnurse’sfirstdayonthemedicalteamatawell-knownhospital.Shewasresponsibleforensuringthatallinstrumentsandmaterialswereaccountedforduringanabdominaloperation.Thenursesaidtothesurgeon,“You’veonlyremoved11sponges,andweused12.Weneedtofindthelastone.”
5.“Iremovedthemall,”thedoctordeclared.“We’llclosenow.”
6.“Youcan’tdothat,sir,”objectedtherookienurse,“Thinkofthepatient.”
7.Smiling,thesurgeonliftedhisfootandshowedthenursethe12thsponge.“You’lldojustfineinthisoranyotherhospital,”hetoldher.
8.Whenyouknowyouareright,youcan’tbackdown.
9.Alwaysgiveotherscreditthatisrightfullytheirs.Don’tbeafraidofthosewhomighthaveabetterideaorwhomightevenbesmarterthanyouare.
10.DavidOgilvy,founderoftheadvertisingfirmOgilvy&Mather,madethispointcleartohisnewly-appointedofficeheadsbysendingeachaRussiannestingdollwithfiveprogressivelysmallerfiguresinside.
11.Hismessagewascontainedinthesmallestdoll,“Ifeachofushirespeoplewhoaresmallerthanweare,weshallbecomeacompanyofdwarfs.Butifeachofushirespeoplewhoarebiggerthanweare,Ogilvy&Matherwillbecomeacompanyofgiants.”Andthatispreciselywhatthecompanybecame—oneofthelargestandmostrespectedadvertisingorganizationsintheworld.
12.Behonestandopenaboutwhatyoureallyare.Peoplewholackgenuinecorevaluesrelyonexternalfactors—theirlooksorstatus—inordertofeelgoodaboutthemselves.Inevitablytheywilldoeverythingtheycantopreservethisfaçade,buttheywilldoverylittletodeveloptheirinnervalueandpersonalgrowth.
13.Sobeyourself.Don’tengageinapersonalcover-upofareasthatareunpleasinginyourlife.Whenit’stough,doittough.Inotherwords,facerealityandbeadultinourresponsestolife’schallenges.
14.Self-respectandaclearconsciencearepowerfulcomponentsofintegrityandarethebasisforenrichingyourrelationshipswithothers.
15.Integritymeansyoudowhatyoudobecauseit’srightandnotjustfashionableorpoliticallycorrect.Alifeofprinciple,ofnotsuccumbingtotheseductivesirensofaneasymorality,willalwayswintheday.Itwilltakeyouforwardintothe21stcenturywithouthavingtocheckyourtracksinarearviewmirror.Mygrandparentstaughtmethat.
Paragraphs1-2
WordsandExpressions
1.demonstratevt.
1）show;makeclear
.Thesefiguresclearlydemonstratethesizeoftheeconomicproblemfacingthecountry.
Researchhasdemonstratedthatbabiescanrecognizetheirmother’svoiceverysoonafterbirth.
2）makeapublicexpressionthatyouarenotsatisfiedaboutsomething,especiallybymarchingor
havingameeting
.Thousandsofpeoplegatheredtodemonstrateagainstthenewproposals.
成千上万的人一起游行示威反对新提议。
Derivations:
demonstration:
n.
demonstrative:
adj.
Synonyms:
show,exhibit,display
Translation:
Galileodemonstratedthatobjectsofdifferentweightsfallatthesamespeed.
伽利略证明，不同重量的物体下落时速度相同。
Pleasedemonstratehowthemachineworks.
请示范机器的使用方法。
2.integrity:
n.
1）thequalityofbeinghonestandhavingstrongmoralprinciplesthatyourefusetochange
.Noonedoubtedthatthepresidentwasamanofthehighestintegrity.
Youcantrusthim;heisamanofcompleteintegrity.
你可以相信他，他是一个刚正不阿的人。
2）thequalityofbeingwholeandcomplete
.Ourintegrityasanationisthreatenedbytheseseparatistforces.
我们国家的完整受到了这些分裂主义势力的威胁。
Synonyms:
honesty,unity,wholeness
Collocations:
inone’sintegrity完整，原封未动
3.morality:
n.
apersonalorsocialsetofstandardsforgoodorbadbehaviorandcharacter,orthequalityof
beingright,honestoracceptable
.Theyarediscussingthemoralityofcloning.
他们正在讨论克隆的道德性。
Hiswaysofmakingmoneyarecertainlysuccessful,butIdoubttheirmorality.
Synonym:
ethics
Antonym:
immorality
Derivation:
moraladj.
Comparison:
morality,ethics
morality:
therightnessorpurenessofbehavior
ethics:
Itreferstothestudyofwhatismorallyright,whatisnotandthequestionsconcerned.
.Iamunconcernedwithquestionsofreligionormorality.
我对宗教问题或者道德问题不感兴趣。
Whetheracountryshouldhavenuclearweaponsornotshouldbeaquestionofethics,notofpolitics.
一个国家是否该拥有核武器应该是个道德问题，而非政治问题。
Ethicsisabranchofphilosophy.
伦理学是哲学的分科。
4.expediency:
n.whensomethingishelpfulorusefulinaparticularsituation,butsometimesnot
morallyacceptable
.Hisbehaviourseemstobegovernedsolelybyexpediency.
Allhisactionsaregovernedbyexpediency.
他所有的行动都是一种权宜之计。
Synonym:
expedience
Derivation:
expedientadj.
5.athand:
nearintimeorplace
.Healwayskeptthepictureofhisgirlfriend'scloseathand.
他总是把女朋友的相片放在身边。
Yourbigmomentisathand.
你的重大时刻即将到来。
6.scarce:
adj.noteasytofindorget
.Foodwasscarcethroughoutthewar.
在战争期间食物匮乏。
HotelaccommodationwasscarceduringtheOlympicGames.
奥运会期间，旅馆房间很难找。
Foodandcleanwaterwerebecomingscarce.
Synonym:
deficient
Derivation:
scarcityn.
7.thebottomline:
themostimportantfactinasituation
.Thebottomlineisthatweneedanothertenthousanddollarstocompletetheproject.
Ifyoudon’tmakeaprofit,yougooutofbusiness:
that'sthebottomline.
不盈利，就停业：
根本问题就在这里。
Sentences:
1.Mygrandparentsbelievedyouwereeitherhonestoryouweren’t.Therewasnoin-between.（Paragraph1）
Translation:
我的祖父母坚信人要么是诚实的要么是不诚实的，不存在中间的品质。
2.Theyhadasimplemottohangingontheirliving-roomwall,“Lifeislikeafieldofnewlyfallensnow;whereIchoosetowalkeverystepwillshow.”（Paragraph1）
Translation:
他们起居室的墙上挂着一条简短的箴言。
箴言写道：
“生活就像一块刚刚下过雪的土地；我选择从哪里走过，哪里就会留下清晰的足迹。
”
3.Theyunderstoodinstinctivelythatintegritymeanshavingapersonalstandardofmoralityandethicsthatdoesnotsellouttoexpediencyandthatisnotrelativetothesituationathand.（Paragraph2）
Explanation:
Integritymeansthatoneshouldhaveapersonalstandardforjudgingwhatismorallyrightandwrong.Hedoeswhathethinksheshoulddo,notwhathethinkswillhelphimandhisjudgmentisnotaffectedbyanyexternalcircumstances.
Translation:
出于直觉，他们领悟到“正直”意味着拥有自己的道德和伦理标准，不会出于权宜而牺牲这一标准，也不会将它与眼下的形式联系起来。
4.Butitistherealbottomlineineveryareaofsociety.（Paragraph2）
Paraphrase:
Butitisthemostimportantconsiderationineverysocialactivityand,therefore,youmustacceptit,eventhoughyoumaynotlikeit.
Translation:
但是，这是社会任何领域中真实的底线。
Paragraphs3-8
WordsandExpressions
8.consistof:
bemadeoforformedfromsomething
.Aweekconsistsofsevendays.
Mostpeoplearefamiliarwiththeideathatallmatterconsistofatoms.大多数人熟悉一切物质都由原子组成这一概念。
TheteamconsistsoffourEuropeansandtwoAmericans.
It’sasimpledishtoprepare,consistingmainlyofriceandvegetables.
Collocation:
consistin:
havesomethingasamainandnecessarypartorquality
.Happinessconsistsintryingtodoone'sduty,notinamassingwealth.
快乐的源泉在于尽义务，而不在于积聚财富。
Thevalueofthisteachingmethodconsistsintheinterestitstimulatesinthestudents.
这种教学法的优点是在于能引起学生的兴趣。
Synonym:
becomposeof
.Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.
9.principle:
n.
1）abasicideaorrulethatexplainsorcontrolshowsomethinghappensorworks
.Thesystemworksontheprinciplethatheatrises.
该项装置是按照热力上升的原理运转的。
Theorganizationworksontheprinciplethatallmembershavethesamerights.
2）moralruleorstandardofgoodbehavior
.Weadheretotheprinciplethateveryoneshouldbetreatedfairly.
我们必须坚持平等待人这一原则。
Shedoesn’thaveanyprinciples.
Hewasamanofprinciple.
Anyway,Ican’tdeceivehim—it'sagainstallmyprinciples.
Inevergamble,asamatterofprinciple（=becauseIbelieveitiswrong）.
Collocation:
inprinciple:
Ifyouagreewithorbelievesomethinginprinciple,youagreewiththeidea.
.Theyhaveagreedtotheproposalinprinciplebutwestillhavetonegotiatetheterms.
他们基本上同意了那项提议，但我们仍须商定具体条款。
InprincipleIagreewiththeidea,butinpracticeit'snotalwayspossible.
Theyhaveapprovedthechangesinprinciple.
Synonyms:
rule,law
10.conviction:
n.
1）averyfirmbelief
.Ihavetheconvictionthatheisright.
我深信他是对的。
IspeakinthefullconvictionthatIwillwin.
我深信我会赢。
2）whensomeoneisofficiallyfoundtobeguiltyofaparticularcrime
.Theyhavenopreviousconvictions.
他们没有前科。
Derivations:
convincevt.
convincingadj.
11.beresponsiblefor:
havecontrolandauthorityoversomethingorsomeoneandthedutyoftaking;careofitorthem
.Who’sresponsiblefortheterriblemess
谁应该对这种混乱负责
Theteacherishighlyresponsibleforherwork.
12.ensurevt.makesomethingcertaintohappen
.Wemustensurethepurityofdrinkingw
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