大学英语之基础英语综合教程第一册unit5languagework.docx
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大学英语之基础英语综合教程第一册unit5languagework
HowtoBeTruetoYourself
1.Mygrandparentsbelievedyouwereeitherhonestoryouweren’tThere.wasno
in-between.Theyhadasimplemottohangingontheirliving-roomwall,“Lifeislikeafieldofnewlyfallensnow;whereIchoosetowalkeverystepwillshow.They”didn’thavetotalkaboutit—theydemonstratedthemottobythewaytheylived.
2.Theyunderstoodinstinctivelythatintegritymeanshavingapersonalstandardof
moralityandethicsthatdoesnotsellouttoexpediencyandthatisnotrelativetothesituation
athand.Integrityisaninnerstandardforjudgingyourbehavior.Unfortunately,integrityisin
shortsupplytoday—andgettingscarcer.Butit
istherealbottomlineineveryareaof
society.Anditissomethingwemustdemandofourselves.
3.
AgoodtestforthisvalueistolookatwhatIcalltheIntegrityTriad,which
consistsof
threekeyprinciples:
4.
Standfirmlyforyourconvictionsinthefaceofpersonalpressure.There
’sastorytold
aboutasurgicalnurse’firsstdayonthemedical
teamatawell-knownhospital.Shewas
responsibleforensuringthatallinstrumentsand
materialswereaccountedfor
duringan
abdominaloperation.Thenursesaidtothesurgeon,
“You’veonlyremoved11sponges,and
weused12.Weneedtofindthelastone.
”
5.
“Iremovedthemall,
”thedoctordeclared.
“We’llclosenow.
”
6.
“Youcan’tdothat,sir,objectedthe”rookienurse,
“Thinkofthepatient.
”
7.
Smiling,thesurgeonliftedhisfootandshowedthenursethe12thsponge.
You’lldo
“
justfineinthisoranyotherhospital,
”hetoldher.
8.
Whenyouknowyouareright,youcan
backdown’t.
9.
Alwaysgiveotherscreditthatisrightfullytheirs.Don’tbeafraidofthosewhomight
haveabetterideaorwhomightevenbesmarterthanyouare.
10.DavidOgilvy,founderoftheadvertisingfirmOgilvy&Mather,madethispointclearto
his
newly-appointedofficeheads
bysendingeach
aRussiannesting
doll
with
five
progressivelysmallerfiguresinside.
11.
Hismessagewascontainedin
thesmallestdoll,
“eachIfofushires
peoplewho
are
smallerthanweare,weshallbecomeacompanyofdwarfs.Butifeachofushirespeople
whoarebiggerthanweare,Ogilvy&Matherwillbecomeacompanyofgiants.
Andthatis
”
preciselywhatthecompanybecame—oneofthelargestandmostrespectedadvertising
organizationsintheworld.
12.
Behonestandopenaboutwhatyoureallyare.Peoplewholackgenuine
corevaluesrely
on
externalfactors—theirlooks
orstatus—inordertofeelgoodabout
themselves.
Inevitablytheywilldoeverythingtheycantopreservethisfa?
ade,buttheywilldoverylittletodeveloptheirinnervalueandpersonalgrowth.
13.Sobeyourself.Don’tengageinapersonal-upcoverofareasthatareunpleasinginyour
life.Whenittough,’sdoittough.Inotherwords,facerealityandbeadultinourresponsestolife’schallenges.
14.Self-respectandaclearconsciencearepowerfulcomponentsofintegrityandarethebasisforenrichingyourrelationshipswithothers.
15.Integritymeansyoudowhatyoudobecauseit’rightsandnotjustfashionableor
politicallycorrect.Alifeofprinciple,ofnotsuccumbingtotheseductivesirensofaneasy
1
morality,willalwayswintheday.Itwilltakeyouforwardintothe21stcenturywithouthavingtocheckyourtracksinarearviewmirror.Mygrandparentstaughtmethat.
Paragraphs1-2
WordsandExpressions
1.demonstratevt.
1）show;makeclear
e.g.Thesefiguresclearlydemonstratethesizeoftheeconomicproblemfacingthecountry.Researchhasdemonstratedthatbabiescanrecognizetheirmother’svoiceverysoonafterbirth.
2）makeapublicexpressionthatyouarenotsatisfiedaboutsomething,especiallybymarchingorhavingameeting
e.g.Thousandsofpeoplegatheredtodemonstrateagainstthenewproposals.
成千上万的人一起游行示威反对新提议。
Derivations:
demonstration:
n.
demonstrative:
adj.
Synonyms:
show,exhibit,display
Translation:
Galileodemonstratedthatobjectsofdifferentweightsfallatthesamespeed.
伽利略证明，不同重量的物体下落时速度相同。
Pleasedemonstratehowthemachineworks.
请示范机器的使用方法。
2.integrity:
n.
1）thequalityofbeinghonestandhavingstrongmoralprinciplesthatyourefusetochangee.g.Noonedoubtedthatthepresidentwasamanofthehighestintegrity.
Youcantrusthim;heisamanofcompleteintegrity.
你可以相信他，他是一个刚正不阿的人。
2）thequalityofbeingwholeandcomplete
e.g.Ourintegrityasanationisthreatenedbytheseseparatistforces.
我们国家的完整受到了这些分裂主义势力的威胁。
Synonyms:
honesty,unity,wholeness
Collocations:
inone’sintegrity完整，原封未动
3.morality:
n.
apersonalorsocialsetofstandardsforgoodorbadbehaviorandcharacter,orthequalityofbeingright,honestoracceptable
e.g.Theyarediscussingthemoralityofcloning.
2
他们正在讨论克隆的道德性。
Hiswaysofmakingmoneyarecertainlysuccessful,butIdoubttheirmorality.
Synonym:
ethics
Antonym:
immorality
Derivation:
moraladj.
Comparison:
morality,ethics
morality:
therightnessorpurenessofbehavior
ethics:
Itreferstothestudyofwhatismorallyright,whatisnotandthequestionsconcerned.
e.g.Iamunconcernedwithquestionsofreligionormorality.
我对宗教问题或者道德问题不感兴趣。
Whetheracountryshouldhavenuclearweaponsornotshouldbeaquestionofethics,notofpolitics.
一个国家是否该拥有核武器应该是个道德问题，而非政治问题。
Ethicsisabranchofphilosophy.
伦理学是哲学的分科。
4.expediency:
n.whensomethingishelpfulorusefulinaparticularsituation,butsometimesnotmorallyacceptable
e.g.Hisbehaviourseemstobegovernedsolelybyexpediency.
Allhisactionsaregovernedbyexpediency.
他所有的行动都是一种权宜之计。
Synonym:
expedience
Derivation:
expedientadj.
5.athand:
nearintimeorplace
e.g.Healwayskeptthepictureofhisgirlfriend'scloseathand.
他总是把女朋友的相片放在身边。
Yourbigmomentisathand.
你的重大时刻即将到来。
6.scarce:
adj.noteasytofindorget
e.g.Foodwasscarcethroughoutthewar.
在战争期间食物匮乏。
HotelaccommodationwasscarceduringtheOlympicGames.
奥运会期间，旅馆房间很难找。
Foodandcleanwaterwerebecomingscarce.
Synonym:
deficient
Derivation:
3
scarcityn.
7.thebottomline:
themostimportantfactinasituation
e.g.Thebottomlineisthatweneedanothertenthousanddollarstocompletetheproject.
Ifyoudon’tmakeaprofit,yougooutofbusiness:
that'sthebottomline.
不盈利，就停业：
根本问题就在这里。
Sentences:
1.Mygrandparentsbelievedyouwereeitherhonestoryouweren’t.Therewasno
in-between.（Paragraph1）
Translation:
我的祖父母坚信人要么是诚实的要么是不诚实的，不存在中间的品质。
2.Theyhadasimplemottohangingontheirliving-roomwall,“Lifeislikeafieldofnewlyfallensnow;whereIchoosetowalkeverystepwillshow.（Paragraph1）”
Translation:
他们起居室的墙上挂着一条简短的箴言。
箴言写道：
“生活就像一块刚刚下过雪
的土地；我选择从哪里走过，哪里就会留下清晰的足迹。
”
3.Theyunderstoodinstinctivelythatintegritymeanshavingapersonalstandardofmoralityandethicsthatdoesnotsellouttoexpediencyandthatisnotrelativetothesituationathand.
（Paragraph2）
Explanation:
Integritymeansthatoneshouldhaveapersonalstandardforjudgingwhatismorallyrightandwrong.Hedoeswhathethinksheshoulddo,notwhathethinkswillhelphimandhisjudgmentisnotaffectedbyanyexternalcircumstances.
Translation:
出于直觉，他们领悟到“正直”意味着拥有自己的道德和伦理标准，不会出于权宜而牺牲这一标准，也不会将它与眼下的形式联系起来。
4.Butitistherealbottomlineineveryareaofsociety.（Paragraph2）
Paraphrase:
Butitisthemostimportantconsiderationineverysocialactivityand,therefore,youmustacceptit,eventhoughyoumaynotlikeit.
Translation:
但是，这是社会任何领域中真实的底线。
Paragraphs3-8
WordsandExpressions
8.consistof:
bemadeoforformedfromsomething
e.g.Aweekconsistsofsevendays.
Mostpeoplearefamiliarwiththeideathatallmatterconsistofatoms.大多数人熟悉一切物质都由原子组成这一概念。
TheteamconsistsoffourEuropeansandtwoAmericans.
It’sasimpledishtoprepare,consistingmainlyofriceandvegetables.
Collocation:
consistin:
havesomethingasamainandnecessarypartorqualitye.g.Happinessconsistsintryingtodoone'sduty,notinamassingwealth.
4
快乐的源泉在于尽义务，而不在于积聚财富。
Thevalueofthisteachingmethodconsistsintheinterestitstimulatesinthestudents.
这种教学法的优点是在于能引起学生的兴趣。
Synonym:
becomposeof
e.g.Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.
9.principle:
n.
1）abasicideaorrulethatexplainsorcontrolshowsomethinghappensorworkse.g.Thesystemworksontheprinciplethatheatrises.
该项装置是按照热力上升的原理运转的。
Theorganizationworksontheprinciplethatallmembershavethesamerights.
2）moralruleorstandardofgoodbehavior
e.g.Weadheretotheprinciplethateveryoneshouldbetreatedfairly.
我们必须坚持平等待人这一原则。
Shedoesn’thaveanyprinciples.
Hewasamanofprinciple.
Anyway,Ican’tdeceivehim—it'sagainstallmyprinciples.
Inevergamble,asamatterofprinciple（=becauseIbelieveitiswrong）.
Collocation:
inprinciple:
Ifyouagreewithorbelievesomethinginprinciple,youagreewiththeidea.
e.g.Theyhaveagreedtotheproposalinprinciplebutwestillhavetonegotiatetheterms.
他们基本上同意了那项提议，但我们仍须商定具体条款。
InprincipleIagreewiththeidea,butinpracticeit'snotalwayspossible.
Theyhaveapprovedthechangesinprinciple.
Synonyms:
rule,law
10.conviction:
n.1）averyfirmbelief
e.g.Ihavetheconvictionthatheisright.
我深信他是对的。
IspeakinthefullconvictionthatIwillwin.
我深信我会赢。
2）whensomeoneisofficiallyfoundtobeguiltyofaparticularcrimee.g.Theyhavenopreviousconvictions.
他们没有前科。
Derivations:
convincev
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