论《喜福会》女性主义的显现.docx

论《喜福会》女性主义的显现.docx

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论《喜福会》女性主义的显现

摘要

随着女性主义文学的不断发展，研究观点层出不穷。

我们在文学批判的领域里可以发现，有关文学作品中女性主义的研究已成为了女权倡议者关注的焦点。

而《喜福会》正是这方面的代表作之一。

本文基于谭恩美这部小说，尝试分析母女两代人的奋斗历程和相互的影响,从而体现女性主义的内涵。

无论是母亲还是女儿，经历了作为传统女性的社会角色所带来的痛苦后，她们以各自的方式找到了自我，不能消极等待，而是要打破传统，寻找自我的命运出路。

作为华裔美国女性，首先，她们是欧美世界中的中国人；其次，她们是东方男性世界中的女性；再次，她们还是西方世界中的中国女性。

深受三重身份压迫之苦的女性争得发言权，描述中美文化差异所造成的母女之间迥异的奋斗之路。

关键字：

《喜福会》；母女；命运论；女性觉醒；奋斗

TableofContents

Abstracti

摘要ii

1.Introduction1

1.1IntroductionofAmyTan1

1.2OverviewofTheJoyLuckClub1

1.3LiteratureReview2

2.FemaleStrugglingexperienceinTheJoyLuckClub4

2.1IntroductionofFeminism4

2.2Mothersexperience4

2.2.1SuyuanWoo'sstory4

2.2.2An-meiHsu'sstory4

2.2.3Lindo'sstory5

2.2.4Ying-ying'sstory6

2.3Daughtersexperience6

2.3.1Jing-meiWoo6

2.3.2RoseHsuJordan6

2.3.3LenaSt.Clair7

3.TheReasonandEmbodimentsofFemaleStruggling8

3.1TheMainReasonfortheDifferentExperienceofStruggle8

3.2DifferentEmbodimentsofStruggle9

3.2.1FamilyConcept9

3.2.2Values9

4.Conclusion11

References12

Acknowledgements13

1.Introduction

1.1IntroductionofAmyTan

AmyTanwasborninOakland,California,in1952,whoseworksexploremother-daughterrelationships.Herparents,bothareChineseimmigrants,eventuallysettlinginSantaClara.WhenTanwasinherearlyteens,herfatherandoneofherbrothersdiedofabraintumorwithinmonthsofeachother.Duringthisperiod,TanlearnedthathermotherhadbeenmarriedbeforeinChina.Tan'smotherhaddivorcedherfirsthusband,whohadbeenabusive,andhadfledChinain1949.Sheleftbehindthreedaughters,whomshewouldnotseeagainfornearlyfortyyears.

Afterlosingherhusbandandson,Tan'smothermovedherfamilytoSwitzerland,whereTanfinishedhighschool.Duringthreeyears,motheranddaughterarguedaboutTan'scollegeandcareerplans.TaneventuallyfollowedherboyfriendtoSanJoseCityCollege,wheresheearnedabachelor'sandamaster'sdegreeinEnglishandlinguistics,despitehermother'swishthatshestudymedicine.

AfterTanmarriedherboyfriend,LouisDeMattei,shebegantopursueaPh.D.inlinguistics.Shelaterabandonedtheprograminordertoworkwithdevelopmentallydisabledchildren.Thenshebecameafreelancebusinesswriter.Althoughshewassuccessful,shefoundwritingforcorporateexecutivesdissatisfied.Shebegantowritefictionasacreativerelease.

Meanwhile,Tan'smotherwassufferingfromaseriousillness,andTanresolvedtotakeatriptoChinawithhermotherifsherecovered.In1987,afterhermotherreturnedtohealth,theytraveledtoChina,whereTan'smotherwasreunitedwithherdaughtersandmetherhalf-sisters.ThetripprovidedTanwithafreshperspectiveonhermother,anditservedasthekeyinspirationforherfirstbook,TheJoyLuckClub.Soonafteritspublicationin1989,TheJoyLuckClubgarneredenthusiasticreviews,remainingontheNewYorkTimesbest-sellerlistformanymonths.ItwonboththeNationalBookAwardandtheL.A.TimesBookAwardin1989.

Tanhaswrittenseveralotherbestsellingnovels,includingTheKitchenGod'sWife,TheHundredSecretSenses,TheBonesetter'sDaughterandSavingFishFromDrowning.Shealsowroteacollectionofnon-fictionessaysentitledTheOppositeofFate:

ABookofMusings.AndhermostrecentnovelSavingFishFromDrowning.Inadditiontothese,Tanhaswrittentwochildren'sbooks:

TheMoonLady（1992）andSagwa,theChineseSiameseCat（1994）,whichwasturnedintoananimatedseriesairingonPBS.ShealsoappearedonPBSinashortspotencouragingchildrentowrite.

1.2OverviewofTheJoyLuckClub

AndthethemeofTheJoyLuckClubfocusesonthemanifestationoffeminism.HowtheChinese-Americanwomanstrugglefortheirliveswithaverycomplexidentities?

Firstly,theyareChineseinthewesterncountry;then,theyarethewomenofeasternmaleworld;furthermore,theyareChinesewomeninthewesternworld.Describingthestruggleofthewomeneventhoughthemothersanddaughterseffectedbydifferentculture.TheJoyLuckClubisaChineseAmericanwriterAmyTan'sfirstnovel,isalsofamousforher,thatispublishedsuccess,thenhadconsecutivetopeight"NewYorkTimes"bestsellerlistsandsoonadaptedintofilmsbythesamename,far-reachinginfluence.ThisbookistheUnitedStatesin1989,oneofthefourbestsellingbooks,haswonnumerousawards.

TheJoyLuckClubcontainssixteeninterconnectedstoriesaboutconflictsbetweenChineseimmigrantmothersandtheirAmerican-raiseddaughters.In1949,thefourimmigrantsmetattheFirstChineseBaptistChurchinSanFranciscoandagreedtocontinuetomeettoplayMahjong.TheycalledtheirMahjonggroup—TheJoyluckClub,formedinChinabyoneofthemothers—SuyuanWoo,inordertoliftherfriends'spiritsanddistractthemfromtheirproblemsduringtheJapaneseinvasion.Andthenoveliscomposedoffoursections,eachofwhichcontainsfourseparatenarratives.Inthefirstfourstoriesofthebook,themothers,speakingonebyone,recalltheirexperienceinChinaandtheirrelationshipswiththeirownmothers.Inthesecondsection,thesedaughters—Waverly,Jing-mei,Lena,andRose—relatetheirrecollectionsoftheirchildhoodrelationshipswiththeirmothers.Inthethirdgroupofstories,thefourdaughtersnarratetheiradultdilemmas—troublesinmarriageandwiththeircareers.Althoughtheybelievethattheirmothers'antiquatedideasdonotrelevanttotheirownveryAmericanlifestyles,theirsearchforsolutionsinevitablybringsthembacktotheirrelationshipswiththeoldergeneration.Inthefinalgroupofstories,themothersstruggletooffersolutionsandsupporttotheirdaughters,intheprocesslearningmoreaboutthemselves.ThenovelendsthescenethattheprotagonistJingmeiWoofindshereldersistersinShanghaiwhomhermotherlostinChinawhensheleftforAmericain1949andthentheyallmurmurtheirdeadmother"Mama,Mama."Underthissituation,theauthordescribes"IlookattheirfacesagainandIseenotraceofmymotherinthem.Yettheystilllookfamiliar.AndnowIseewhatpartofmeisChinese.Itissoobvious.Itismyfamily.Itisinourblood."（Tan,1989:

287）

1.3LiteratureReview

In1989,ChineseAmericanwriterAmyTanpublishedherfirstnovelTheJoyLuckClub,boththereadingpublicandcriticslovedTheJoyLuckClub,andshewonanumberofnationalawards.In1994,TheJoyLuckClubwassuccessfullyadaptedtomovie,andhasbeentranslatedinto20languagesincludingChinese,andwidelycirculated.Inthepasttwodecades,becamefamousathomeandabroad,therearemanyresearchresults,mixed.AftersortingoutcanfindthatWesternacademicsareconcentratedontheinterpretationoftheirrace,gender,identity,class,nationalismandotheraspectsofmeaning.

TheJoyLuckClubacclaimingforhighlypraise,mostlyconcentratedontheanalysisofthethemesandcontent.ItisthemainattitudeofChineseandforeignacademics.In1989,manybrilliantreviewsbegantoappearinTime,Newsweek,NewYork,NewYorkTimesBookReview,LosAngelesTimes,WashingtonPostandothermajorU.S.media.ThisfullyshowsthatmanywhiteAmericancriticsimpressedbytheobscure,bizarre,mysteriousofChinaandtheChinesepeopledescribinginTheJoyLuckClub,thenovelhasgainedtheAmericanmainstreamwhitesociety'sconcernandacceptance.

Afterthe1990s,AmyLing（1990）,MarinaHeung（1993）,WalterShear（1993）,BenXu（1994）,StephenSouris（1994）,ZenobinMistri（1998）,PatriciaL.Hamilton（1999）,AlisonGee（2001）andZengLi（2002）,CuiWansheng（1997）,Xiaohong（1998）,LuWei（2000）,TingtingChen（2006）,andmanyUnitedStatescommentatorshaveyetapprovinglycommentTheJoyLuckClub.TheyconsideredthatAmyTaninheritanceandcarryforwardtheChinese-Americanliterarytraditionabouttheancient,familyrelationshipsandculturalconflict,atthesametime,shealsorejectedtheoldstereotypesabouttheimageofChinesewomen,developingtheblendofChineseandwesternthought.

Thedomesticresearchfocusedontext-basedanalysisofconflictandidentityissues,tendingtotheworksofculturalandpoliticalcriticisminsteadofaestheticcriticism.ChineseacademiccommunitybegantostudyTheJoyLuckClubin1994.Researchpaperofculturalexplorationcanbedividedintotwotypes:

traditionalChineseculture,suchasReadingAmyTan（TheJoyLuckClub）intheChinesemahjong"（RuihuaZhang,2001）,anddiscussionaboutculturalconflict,culturalintegration,suchasSino-USConflictandFusion:

（TheJoyLuckClub）CulturalInterpretation（AiminCheng,RuihuaZhang,2001）;politicalcriticismoftheresearchcanbedividedintopost-colonialculturalidentitycriticismsuchasEdgeoftheCultureandtheTheJoyLuckClub（KeKe,1999）andtheperspectiveoffeministconsciousness,suchasFromthepost-colonialandfeministliterarycriticismperspectivewithAmyTan（TheJoyLuckClub）（SunGang,2008）.

Thisthesisisbasedontheoriginalstudyoffeministperspective,combiningwiththethemeofculturalconflictandintegration.StudytheconflictandfusionofthefeminisminTheJoyLuckClubunderdifferentculturalbackground,focusingonstruggleofwomen,feministawakening,analysingthetirelesseffortsandstruggleofthetwogenerationsinordertochangetheirfate.ThoughthefeministinterpretationofTheJoyLuckClub,Ihopereaderscangetainsightintothedifficultiesandsetbacksofwomen,especiallyforChinese-AmericanwomenintheprocessofintegrationintomainstreamAmericansociety.Aboveall,arouseawarenessonwomenissues,sothatwomennolongerbesilent,havingthecouragetofightfortheirrights,theirvoicescanbeheardbymorepeople